• 한국측량학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2017

Natural disasters caused by climate change are increasing globally. There are few studies on the quantitative analysis methods for predicting damages in the island area due to sea level rise. Therefore, it is necessary to study the damage prediction analysis method using the GIS which can quantitatively analyze. In this paper, we analyze the cause and status of sea level rise, quantify the vulnerability index, establish an integrated terrestrial modeling method of the ocean and land, and establish a method of analyzing the damage area and damage scale due to sea level rise using GIS and the method of making the damage prediction figure was studied. In order to extract the other affected areas to sea level rise are apart of the terrain model is generated by one requires a terrain modeling of target areas are offshore and vertical reference system differences in land, found the need for correction by a tidal observations and geoid model there was. Grading of terrain, coastline erosion rate, coastal slope, sea level rise rate, and even average by vulnerable factors due to sea level rise indicates that quantitative damage prediction is possible due to sea level rise in the island area. In the case of vulnerable areas extracted by GIS, residential areas and living areas are concentrated on the coastal area due to the nature of the book area, and field survey shows that coastal changes and erosion are caused by sea level rise or tsunami.

• 대기
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.467-481
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• 2017

A correction method of reflectivity in partial beam blockage (PBB) area is suggested, which is based on the combination of digital terrain information and self-consistency principle between polarimetric observation. First, the reflectivity was corrected by adding the radar energy loss estimated from beam blockage simulation using digital elevation model (DEM) and beam propagation geometry in standard atmosphere. The additional energy loss by unexpected obstacles and non-standard beam propagation was estimated by using the coefficient between accumulated reflectivity ($Z_H$) and differences of differential phase shift (${\Phi}_{DP}$) along radial direction. The proposed method was applied to operational S-band dual-polarization radar at Jindo and its performance was compared with those of simulation method and self-consistency method for six rainfall cases. When the accumulated reflectivity and increment of ${\Phi}_{DP}$ along radial direction are too small, the self-consistency method has failed to correct the reflectivity while the combined method has corrected the reflectivity bias reasonably. The correction based on beam simulation showed the underestimation. For evaluation of rainfall estimation, the FBs (FRMSEs) of simulation method and self-consistency principle were -0.32 (0.59) and -0.30 (0.57), respectively. The proposed method showed the lowest FB (-0.24) and FRMSE (0.50). The FB and FMSE were improved by about 18% and by 19% in comparison to those before correction (-0.42 and 0.70). We can conclude that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of rainfall estimation in PBB area.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2024

In adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, mechanical failure (MF) has been a significant concern for spine surgeons as well as patients. Despite earnest endeavors to prevent MF, the absence of a definitive consensus persists, owing to the intricate interplay of multifarious factors associated with this complication. Previous approaches centered around global spinal alignment have yielded limited success in entirely forestalling MF. These methodologies, albeit valuable, exhibited limitations by neglecting to encompass global balance and compensatory mechanisms within their purview. In response to this concern, an in-depth comprehension of global balance and compensatory mechanisms emerges as imperative. In this discourse, the center of gravity and the gravity line are gaining attention in recent investigations pertaining to global balance. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the global balance and a comprehensive understanding of related concepts and knowledge. Moreover, it delves into the clinical ramifications of the contemporary optimal correction paradigm to furnish an encompassing understanding of global balance and the current optimal correction strategies within the context of ASD surgery. By doing so, it endeavors to furnish spine surgeons with a guiding compass, enriching their decision-making process as they navigate the intricate terrain of ASD surgical interventions.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2003

정밀하고 밀도 높은 부우게이상자료는 지구물리학과 물리측지학적인 측면에서 중요한 기초자료가 된다. 이를 위해서 정밀한 절대중력기준점망의 설치외에도 두 가지 측면을 고려해야 하는데, 하나는 중력측정과 보정의 정밀도를 향상시키는 것이며, 다른 하나는 측점의 밀도를 높이는 일이다. 중력측정에서 GPS를 어떻게 적절히 이용할 것인가에 대해서 알아보았는데, 40km이내의 기선거리에서 두 대의 측지용 GPS수신기를 이용하면, 5분간의 GPS측정으로도 충분하다고 여겨진다. 이 경우 PNU95 지오이드모델과 같은 정밀한 지오이드모델을 사용하여야 한다, 이 방법을 적용함으로써, 비용 및 시간과 인력을 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 질적인 측면에서도 향상을 가져온다. 또 교점오차를 보정하고 지형효과를 정밀하게 계산하기 위해 컴퓨터 프로그램을 개발했다. 중력탐사에서 같은 지점에서 중복 측정하는 것은 스프링의 변이를 보정하는 것뿐만 아니라 망조정을 적용함으로써 결과들에 대해 통계적으로 접근하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 그럼으로써 다양한 원인에 기인한 큰 오차를 쉽게 찾아내고 보정하여 자료의 질을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 또한 측정의 질을 평가할 수 있다. 최근의 컴퓨터 기술과 디지털 고도자료의 발달도 좀더 정밀한 지형보정을 사용하여 부우게이상의 질을 향상하도록 우리를 고무하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 육상중력, 선상중력, 북한의 부우게이상도, 일본의 중력자료, 고도위성자료, EGM96 지오포텐셜 자료 등, 다양한 중력자료를 입수하였다. 따라서, 이들 자료를 계산하고 편집하여 한반도 일원의 정밀 부우게이상도를 작성할 수 있었는데, 이것은 지구물리학과 물리측지학의 응용에 유용한 자료가 될 것이다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2010

The main cause of global warming is carbon dioxide generated from the use of fossil fuels, and active research on the reduction of carbon is in progress to slow down the increasing global warming. Wind turbines generate electricity from kinetic energy of wind and are considered as representative for an energy source that helps to reduce carbon emission. Since the kinetic energy of wind is proportional to the cube of the wind speed, the intensity of wind affects wind farm construction validity the most. Therefore, to organize a wind farm, validity analysis should be conducted first through measurement of the wind resources. To facilitate the approval and permission and reduce installation cost, measuring sensors should be installed at locations below the actual wind turbine hub. Wind conditions change in shape with air density, and air density is most affected by the variable sterrain and surface type. So the magnitude of wind speed depends on the ground altitude. If wind conditions are measured at a location below the wind turbine hub, the wind speed has to be extrapolated to the hub height. This correction of wind speed according to height is done with the Deacon equation used in the statistical analysis of previously observed data. In this study, the optimal Deacon equation parameter was obtained through the analysis of the correction of the wind speed error with the Deacon equation based on the characteristics of terrain.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.437-444
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• 2017

Since land pixels often generate false alarms in ship detection using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), land masking is a necessary step which can be processed by a land area map or water database. However, due to the continuous coastline changes caused by newport, bridge, etc., an updated data should be considered to mask either the land or the oceanic part of SAR. Furthermore, coastal concrete facilities make noise signals, mainly caused by side lobe effect. In this paper, we propose two methods. One is a semi-automatic water body data generation method that consists of terrain correction, thresholding, and median filter. Another is a dynamic land masking method based on water database. Based on water database, it uses a breadth-first search algorithm to find and mask noise signals from coastal concrete facilities. We verified our methods using Sentinel-1 SAR data. The result shows that proposed methods remove maximum 84.42% of false alarms.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.537-540
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• 2004

Space-borne multi-sensor data could provide fire scar and bum severity mapping. This paper will present detail mapping of burnt areas in Cheongyange Yesan of Korea with ETM+ image. Burn severity map based on ETM+ image was found to be affected by strong topographic illumination effects in mountainous forest area. Topographic effect is a factor which causes errors in classification of high spatial resolution image like IKONOS image. Minnaert constants J( in each band of ETM+ image is derived for reduction of mountainous terrain effects. Finally, this paper computes quantitative analysis of forest fire damage by each forest types.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.888-891
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• 2006

SAR image is not dependent on the weather condition and Sun's electromagnetic energy. But geometric distortions exist in almost all radar image, it need to be correction. The Radarsat-1 SAR images are used to monitoring of moisture acquired in May 1/1998 and May 25/1998. Radarsat-1 C band data is sensitive on moisture condition. Study area is located in Non-san site. It is made up almost agricultural area and a little of forest area. In May, Rice-planting is started in the midland of Korea. So moisture condition is undergoing many changes. Forest area need to be terrain effect removal for accurately results because it is included in layover, shadow, and so on. Results of land-cover moisture condition map are useful tool for fields of agriculture, forestry industry, and disaster.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2007

Introduction of lidar technology have contributed to a wide range of applications in generating quality surface models. Accordingly, because of the importance of terrain surface models in mapping applications, rigorous studies have been performed to extract ground points from a lidar data point cloud. Although most filters have been shown abilities to extract ground points with their parameters tuned, however, most experiments revealed that there are certain limitations in optimizing filter parameters and the correction of remaining misclassified points is not straightforward. In this study, therefore, a method to improve the quality of filtered lidar data is proposed, which exploits neighboring surface properties arising between immediate neighbors. The method comprises a sequence of procedures which can reduce commission and omission errors. Commission errors occurring in low-rise objects are reduced by utilizing morphological operations. On the other hand, omission errors are reduced by adding missing ground points around step edges. Experimental results show that the qualities of filtered data can be improved considerably by the proposed method.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2006

SAR image is not dependent on the weather condition and Sun's electromagnetic energy. But geometric distortions exist in almost all radar image, it need to be correction. The Radarsat-1 SAR images are used to monitoring of moisture acquired in May 1/1998 and May 25/1998. Radarsat-1 C band data is sensitive on moisture condition. Study area is located in Non-san site. It is made up almost agricultural area and a little of forest area. In May, Rice-planting is started in the midland of Korea. So moisture condition is undergoing many changes. Forest area need to be terrain effect removal for accurately results because it is included in layover, shadow, and so on. Results of land-cover moisture condition map are useful tool for fields of agriculture, forestry industry, and disaster.