• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ternary Mixtures

Search Result 84, Processing Time 0.021 seconds

Influence of Mixtures and Curing Conditions on Strength and Microstructure of Reactive Powder Concrete Using Ternary Pozzolanic Materials (배합 및 양생조건이 3성분계 포졸란재를 이용한 RPC의 강도발현 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Janchivdorj, Khulgadai;Choi, Seung-Hoon;So, Hyoung-Seok;Seo, Ki-Seog;So, Seung-Young
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
    • /
    • v.25 no.4
    • /
    • pp.457-465
    • /
    • 2013
  • This study discussed the influence of mixtures and curing conditions on the development of strength and microstructure of RPC using ternary pozzolanic materials. Through pilot experiment, various RPC was manufactured by adding single or mixed ternary pozzolanic materials such as silica fume, blast furnace slag and fly ash by mass of cement, up to 0~65%, and cured by using 4 types of method which are water and air-dried curing at $20^{\circ}C$, steam and hot-water curing at $90^{\circ}C$. The results show that the use of ternary pozzolanic materials and a suitable curing method are an effective method for improving development of strength and microstructure of RPC. The unit volume of cement was greatly reduced in RPC with ternary pozzolanic materials and unlike hydration reaction in cement, the pozzolanic reaction noticeably contributes to a reduction in hydration heat and dry shrinkage. A considerable improvement was found in the flexural strength of RPC using ternary pozzolanic materials, and then the utilization of a structural member subjected to bending was expected. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) revealed that the microstructure of RPC was denser by using the ternary pozzolanic materials than the original RPC containing silica fume only.

Thermal Decomposition Characteristics on Sodium Azide and Metallic Oxide Mixtures (나트륨 아지드와 금속산화물과의 혼합물에 대한 열분해 특성)

  • 이내우;최재욱;박광수;설수덕;왕석주
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
    • /
    • v.12 no.3
    • /
    • pp.106-113
    • /
    • 1997
  • The thermal characteristics of two binary mixtures by sodium azide/manganese dioxide and ferric oxide, two ternary mixtures by sodium azide/silicon dioxide/manganese dioxide and ferric oxide were studied to obtain the basic data of gas-generating agents for air bags. The thermal reaction for all mixtures started at about $420^{\circ}C$, but the temperature at which the reaction rate reached a maximum was different with the states of samples. According to reaction results, nitrogen, nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide were detected by GC-MS and so many kinds of new chemicals from sodium azide and metal oxide mixtures by XRD. NMS is considered as most stable and reasonable mixture for this types of gas-generating agents.

  • PDF

The Properties of Mortar Mixtures Blended with Natural, Crushed, and Recycled Fine Aggregates for Building Construction Materials

  • Yu, Myoung-Youl;Lee, Jae-Yong;Chung, Chul-Woo
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
    • /
    • v.12 no.1
    • /
    • pp.73-86
    • /
    • 2012
  • In this research, the possible applicability of mixture blended with natural, crushed, and recycled fine aggregate are discussed. The fresh and hardened properties of mortar using blended fine aggregates are monitored depending on various blending ratio of fine aggregates. Newly developed ternary diagram was also utilized for better interpretation of the data. It was found that air content increased and unit weight decreased as recycled fine aggregate content increased. With moisture type processing of recycled fine aggregate, the mortar flow was not negatively affected by increase in the recycled fine aggregate content. The ternary diagram is found to be an effective graphical presentation tool that can be used for the quality evaluation of mortar using blended fine aggregate.

Forced convective boiling heat transfer for a ternary refrigerant mixture inside a horizontal tube (수평관내 3성분 혼합냉매의 강제대류비등 열전달)

  • 오종택
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
    • /
    • v.11 no.6
    • /
    • pp.912-920
    • /
    • 1999
  • The forced convective boiling heat transfer coefficients of R-407C were measured inside a horizontal tube 6.0mm I.D. and 4.0m long. The heat transfer coefficients increased according to an increase in heat flux at constant mass flux. Because nucleation was completely suppressed in the two-phase flow region with high quality, heat transfer coefficients in forced convective evaporation were higher than those in nucleate boiling region. Average heat transfer coefficients of R-407C were about 30 percent lower than the pure refrigerant correlation, due to mass transfer resistance at the gas-liquid interface. However, the total experimental data shows an agreement with the predicted data for ternary refrigerant mixtures with a mean deviation of 30%.

  • PDF

Phase Behavior of Simvastatin Drug in Mixtures of Dimethyl Ether and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (디메틸에베르와 초임계이산화탄소의 혼합물에서 Simvastatin 약물의 상거동)

  • Shin, Eun-Kyoung;Oh, Dong-Joon;Lee, Byung-Chul
    • Clean Technology
    • /
    • v.13 no.4
    • /
    • pp.237-243
    • /
    • 2007
  • Phase behavior of the ternary systems of water-insoluble simvastatin drug, which is well known to be effective drugs for hypercholesterolemia therapy, in solvent mixtures of dimethyl ether (DME) and supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated to present a guideline of establishing operating conditions in the particle formation of the drugs by a supercritical anti-solvent recrystallization process utilizing DME as a solvent and carbon dioxide as an anti-solvent. The solubilities of simvastatin in the mixtures of DME and carbon dioxide were determined as functions of temperature, pressure and solvent composition by measuring the cloud points of the ternary mixtures at various conditions using a high-pressure phase equilibrium apparatus equipped with a variable-volume view cell. The solubility of the drug increased as the DME composition in solution and the system pressure increases at a fixed temperature. A lower solubility of the drug was obtained at a higher temperature.

  • PDF

Condensation Heat Transfer for Pure HFC Refrigerants and a Ternary Refrigerant Mixture Inside a Horizontal Tube (HFC 순수냉매 및 3성분 혼합냉매의 수평관내 응축열전달)

  • Oh, Jong-Taek;Hihara, Eiji
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
    • /
    • v.24 no.2
    • /
    • pp.233-240
    • /
    • 2000
  • An experimental study of condensation heat transfer was performed for pure refrigerants HFC32, HFCI25, and HFC134a, and a ternary refrigerant mixture of HFC32/125/134a (23/25/52wt%). The heat transfer coefficients were measured inside a horizontal smooth tube 5.8 mm I.D. and 8.0 m long. The refrigerant temperature at inlet was 40 $^{\circ}C$, and the mass flux was varied from 150 to 400 $kg/m^2s$. As for the pure refrigerants, the heat transfer coefficient of HFC32/125/l34a decreased as the quality decreased. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient of HFC32/l25/134a was about 20 % lower than HFC 134a at a low mass flux but showed no reduction at a high mass flux. The heat transfer coefficient of ternary refrigerant mixtures was 30% lower on the average than that of the pure refrigerant.

Effect of CQ-amine ratio on the degree of conversion in resin monomers with binary and ternary photoinitiation systems

  • Moon, Ho-Jin;Shin, Dong-Hoon
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
    • /
    • v.37 no.2
    • /
    • pp.96-103
    • /
    • 2012
  • Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of camphorquinone (CQ)-amine ratio on the C=C double bond conversion of resins with binary and ternary photoinitiation systems. Materials and Methods: Two monomer mixtures (37.5 Bis-GMA/37.5 Bis- EMA/25 TEGDMA) with binary systems (CQ/DMAEMA in weight ratio, group A [0.5/1.0] and B [1.0/0.5]) and four mixtures with ternary system (CQ/OPPI/DMAEMA, group C [0.1/1.0/0.1], D [0.1/1.0/ 0.2], E [0.2/1.0/0.1] and F [0.2/1.0/0.2]) were tested: 1 : 2 or 2 : 1 CQ-amine ratio in binary system, while 1 : 1 ratio was added in ternary system. The monomer mixture was cured for 5, 20, 40, and 300 sec with a Demetron 400 curing unit (Demetron). After each exposure time, degree of conversion (DC) was estimated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer (Nicolet 520, Nicolet Instrument Corp.). The results were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Scheffe test, with p = 0.05 as the level of significance. Results: DC (%) was expressed in the order of curing time (5, 20, 40, and 300 sec). Group A ($14.63{\pm}10.42$, $25.23{\pm}6.32$, $51.62{\pm}2.69$, $68.52{\pm}2.77$); Group B ($4.04{\pm}6.23$, $16.56{\pm}3.38$, $37.95{\pm}2.79$, $64.48{\pm}1.21$); Group C ($16.87{\pm}5.72$, $55.47{\pm}2.75$, $60.83{\pm}2.07$, $68.32{\pm}3.31$); Group D ($23.77{\pm}1.64$, $61.05{\pm}1.82$, $65.13{\pm}2.09$, $71.87{\pm}1.17$); Group E ($28.66{\pm}2.92$, $56.68{\pm}1.33$, $60.66{\pm}1.17$, $68.78{\pm}1.30$); Group F ($39.74{\pm}6.31$, $61.07{\pm}2.58$, $64.22{\pm}2.29$, $69.94{\pm}2.15$). Conclusion: All the monomers with ternary photoinitiation system showed higher DC than the ones with binary system, until 40 sec. Concerning about the effect of CQ-amine ratio on the DC, group A converted into polymer more than group B in binary system. However, there was no significant difference among groups with ternary system, except group C when cured for 5 sec only.

The characteristics of AC-PDPs According to binary and ternary gas mixtures of He-Ne-Xe_

  • Lee, H.J.;Son, C.G.;Lee, S.B.;Han, Y.K.;Jeoung, S.H.;You, N.L.;Lim, J.E.;Lee, J.H.;Moon, M.W.;Oh, P.Y.;Jeoung, J.M.;Choi, E.H.
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2005.07b
    • /
    • pp.1195-1198
    • /
    • 2005
  • The improvement of efficiency is the one of the most important part in AC PDPs . To achieve high efficiency, high VUV emission efficiency and High ion induces secondary electron emission coefficient are needed. We have measured the emission spectra of vacuum ultraviolet rays and ion induced secondary electron emission coefficient of MgO protective layer in surface discharge AC-PDP with binary and ternary gas mixtures. We have investigated electro-optical characteristics of AC-PDPs to optimum gas mixture for high efficient.

  • PDF

A Study on Optimum Proportion of FA and BS for Ternary Cement (3성분계 시멘트에서 FA 및 BS의 최적혼합비율 도출에 관한 연구)

  • Han, Cheon-Goo;Park, Sung-Bae
    • Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
    • /
    • v.4 no.2
    • /
    • pp.143-148
    • /
    • 2016
  • The aim of research is inducing the optimum proportion of fly ash(FA) and blast furnace slag(BS) for ternary cement. In this research, hence, the fundamental properties of mortar mixtures were evaluated depending on various proportion of FA and BS. The results of the experiment, within the scope of the study, obtained the following conclusions. Flow of the mixtures was increased with addition of binary supplementary cementitious material(SCM), and especially, portion of FA. The air content of the mixtures was increased with addition of binary SCMs, while it was decreased with increased FA content. In the case of unit mass, increased value was obtained due to the increased air content within 25 to 45% of binary SCM content, while it was increased within 65 to 100% of binary SCM up to only 20% of FA content and decreased more than 20% of FA because of the low density of FA. The setting time of the mixtures was delayed with addition of binary SCM and FA. In the case of compressive strength, at 91-day age, the highest value was obtained with 25 and 45% of binary SCM with the proportion of FA to BS of 40 to 60. Therefore, based on the compressive strength, it is considered that the binary SCM content of 25 and 45% with the proportion of FA to BS of 2 : 3 is the most favorable conditions in this research scope.

Relation between Huggins Constant and Compatibility of Binary Polymer Mixtures in the Aqueous Ternary Systems

  • Isamu Inamura;Makoto Kittaka;Tatsuya Aikou;Kazuhiko Akiyama;Tomoyuki Matsuyama;Masatsugu Hiroto;Hirade, Ken-ichi;Yuji Jinbo
    • Macromolecular Research
    • /
    • v.12 no.2
    • /
    • pp.246-250
    • /
    • 2004
  • We have classified a number of aqueous ternary systems containing two different polymers into three types by focusing on the deviation of the Huggins constant k'from the additivity line. Systems of type I have negative deviations of k'; the repulsive interaction between the two different polymers dominates. In systems of type II, k' almost follows the additivity relation; the repulsive and attractive interactions between the two different polymers are balancing. Type III systems have positive deviations of k'; the attractive interactions are relatively dominant. This classification of systems is supported by the fact that the positive and negative deviations of k' from the additivity line also correspond to the sign of interaction parameter between polymer 2 and 3, Δb$\_$23/. Furthermore, we have verified the relatively high compatibility between dextran and poly(vinyl alcohol) by determining the binodal concentration of a liquid-liquid phase separation for a water/dextran/poly(vinyl alcohol) system, which is classified as type III. Thus, we found that the compositional dependence of k' closely relates to the compatibility of binary polymer mixtures in aqueous ternary systems.