• Title/Summary/Keyword: Terms of South and North Korean

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The Study of the Foundation of Establishing the Value of the Unification of the Korean Peninsula in Muliticultural Society of Korea -focused on a possibility of the mulitucultural conception of culture and emotion (한국 다문화 사회에서 한반도 통일의 가치정립의 토대에 대한 연구 -문화 개념과 정서 개념의 다문화적 접근의 가능성을 중심으로)

  • Song, Sun-Young
    • Journal of Ethics
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    • no.80
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    • pp.51-77
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    • 2011
  • This study aims to explore how to establish any foundation of the value of the unification of the Korean Peninsula in multicultural society of Korea. Its main issue is related to Korean identity of a nation and its shared value among the mulitcultural members, in particular, of North Koreans including defectors, foreign workers, and immigrants of international marriage and their children. For this study, I would utilize a given research of the application of two concepts of culture to multicultural levels by criticizing its limit; as an alternative, furthermore, I would pay attention to the possibility of the concept of emotion in multicultural members. A short feature in a given study of two conceptions of culture in a multicultural society is as follows: the first is to regard it as the patterns of meanings and symbols, which is very useful to understand others or other culture; secondly, to see it as the lasting process of perfection in human life, which makes us recognize ourselves as a member, so to speak, identity. In application it to Korean muliticultural members, however, there are crucial and complicated problems according to the cases of their lives. For North Koreans, firstly, they tend to get the conception of Korean identity in terms of ideological policies and education of North Korean government. This means that they have a strong hatred towards the word multiculture, in the level of recognizing the self-culture. Secondly, North Korean defectors also have the recognition of the self-culture, but their serious problem is discriminative treatments by South Korean in terms of socio-economics, in the process of their settlement. Thirdly, parents and their children in multicultural family can have their identity as Korean. In parents, however, the level is double that they can have both identities of Korean as well as of their countries. The foundation, therefore, of the value of the unification in the Korean Peninsula is closely related to the issue of identity as Korean. To recognize it, it is possible only to consider and reflect all members' lives by applying the dual conceptions of culture to their multicultural lives. That is not of outer system, but of inner, relational and cultural emotion, which enables them to share their common value of unification.

Teaching English Stress Using a Drum: Based on Phonetic Experiments

  • Yi, Do-Kyong
    • English Language & Literature Teaching
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.261-280
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    • 2009
  • This study focuses on providing the pedagogical implications of stress in English pronunciation teaching since stress is one the most important characteristic factors in English pronunciation (Bolinger, 1976; Brown, 1994; Celce-Murcia, Brinton & Goodwin, 1996; Kreidler, 1989). The author investigated stress production regarding in terms of duration, pitch, and intensity by a group of native speakers of English and a group of low-proficiency South Kyungsang Korean college students for their pre-test. For both of the pre- and post-test, the same stimuli, which consisted of a one-syllable word, two two-syllable words, three three-syllable words, and three four-syllable words, were used along with the various sentence positions: isolation, initial, medial, and final. Soft ware programs, ALVIN and Praat, were used to record and analyze the data. Since Celce-Murcia et al. (1996), Klatt (1975), and Ladefoged (2001) treat duration of the stressed syllable more significantly than other factors, pitch and intensity, with respect to the listener's point of view, the author developed a special method of teaching English stress using a traditional Korean drum to emphasize duration. In addition, the results from the native speakers' production showed that their main strategy to realize stress was through lengthening stressed syllables. After six weeks of stress instruction using the drum, the production of the native speakers and the SK Korean participants from the pre- and post-test were compared. The results from the post-test indicated that the participants showed great improvement not only in duration but also in pitch after the stress instruction. Pitch improvement was unexpected but well-explained by the statement that long vowels receive accent in loan word adaptation in North Kyungsang Korean. The results also showed that the Korean participants' pitch values became more even in their duration values for each syllable as the structure of the word or the sentence became more complex, due to their dependency upon their L1.

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The Emergence and Development of the Lamaist Gateway of $Lokap\bar{a}las$ during the $Jos\breve{o}n$ Dynasty - Some problems on the orientation of the Gateway of Lokapala and on the allocation of the Four Guardian Kings - (조선시대 라마계 천왕문의 수용 및 전개에 대하여 -천왕문의 배치와 사천왕 배열에 관한 문제-)

  • Yi, Dae-Am
    • Journal of architectural history
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.47-66
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    • 2007
  • $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ are understood as the deities of four directions in Buddhism: $Dhrtar{\bar{a}}stra$ in the East, $Vir{\bar{u}}dhaka$ in the South, $Vir{\bar{u}}p{\bar{a}}ksa$ in the West and $Vai{\acute{s}}ravana$ in the North respectively. Their common name is, therefore, called as the "Four Guardian Kings", whose function is to prevent demonic forces from entering into its sacred world. Although the position of $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ is to the lowest level in the hierarchy of the minor deities in Buddhism, the cult of $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ was widely spread and prominent in the countries of Northern Buddhism. It played a significant role in terms of the state-protecting Buddhism, on behalf of it's esoteric and magic power. More than 20 Gateways of the $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ and $Lokap{\bar{a}}la$ statues were still well preserved in Korea, and they were believed to be constructed after the Japanese attack in 1592. After war, monks had concentrated on restoring ruined temples and building many new Gateways of the Four Guardian Kings over the Korean peninsular. Under such circumstances, even though the $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ played a significant role as the subject of cult in Korean Buddhism. they might have a small chance to be taught traditional Lama iconography exactly. The purpose of this essay is to examine the relation of orientation of the Gate way of $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ and allocation of each Kings inside the gate.

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A Study on the Spatial Range of DMZ (DMZ의 공간적 범위에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Chang-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.454-460
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    • 2007
  • Korean War resulted in the fact that Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) on the neck of Korean peninsular was totally forgotten by people for more than half a century. But recently, as the concern in this DMZ has been rising inside and outside of Korea, the researches on this subject have been gradually quickening. However, the practical studies about spatial extent of DMZ are very feeble. Even the analysis of the previous studies shows that the most of researches had mistakes in the spatial description of MDL and DMZ, neutral territory of Han River estuary, and NLL. In this study the length of MDL, stretching till the estuary of western Lim- Jin River in Myung-Ho Ri of Goseong region on East Coast, was measured to be about Z38km (l48miles); the area of corresponding DMZ was proved to be approximately $903.8km^2$ ($907.3km^2$ in the previous studies). Such results show that it is necessary to decide the terms for calling the space dividing North and South Korea, similarly to "155-mile truce line".

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A Study on Ethnic look Expressed in Modern Fashion (현대 패션에 나타난 민속풍(Ethnic look)에 관한 연구)

  • 정연자
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.215-229
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    • 1993
  • As a result of making an inquiry into the ethnic look of each region appearing in present-day fashion by Asia. America and Oceania. Africa and Europe as mentioned above, its characteristics could be summarized as follows: Firstly the Asian ethnic look consists of Indian, Chinese and Japanese looks as mainstream. In terms of form, the draped form constituted its mainstream, and both the draped form and the tunic form are appearing Simultaneously in the Chinese look. And in respect to color the Indian look is using luxurious primary colors red, blue, yellow and green and other regions are making overall use of natural colors. With respect to ornament various kinds of ornaments is utilized in Indian's Sari and turban. Chines's Coolie hat, straw hat and embroidery, knotted button, and bead ornament, and Japan's Obi and Obijime, etc. Secondly in America and Oceania, costurme representing the Indian look in North America and the picture of Western pioneer, and the Peruvian, Mexican and chilean ethnic looks in South America were expressing much. Here, the form consistied a draped form as its main strem, such colors as yellow, purple, grey, etc were much utilized, and the material of costume comprised knits, cotton and the like. And the ornament consisted of hats, tassel ornaments, bead ornaments, metal chain belt, long braided hair, etc. Thirdly, the African ethnic look had an exposing form and a draped form, and such colors as black, white, yellow, brown, etc were used as the fashion color. Ornaments such as precious stone, bead ornaments, animal bones, straw metal ornament, etc were used as fashion decorations. Fourthly, Russia's Cossack look, Bulgaria's Bavshika look, spain's ethnic look cane to the fore as the European look Both the draped form and the tunic form were used simultaneously as fashion form. And grey, brown, purple, etc were much used as fashion color in the European look. Such ornaments as Cossack. Bavshka, boots, tassel ornaments were much used and paisley pattern also was used.

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Distribution of Nutrients in the Coastal Sea of Jeju Island (제주도 연안해수의 영양염류에 관한 연구)

  • Park Kil-Soon
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.255-262
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    • 1982
  • The data of 37 oceanographic stations in the coastal sea of Jeju island are compiled in terms of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, silicate, nitrate and phosphate to analyge the chelnical characteristics in this region. This work was carried out during June, 1951. The concentrations of nutrients in the layer more than 50 m are generally 0.5-3 times larger than the surface layer. Each constituents in this layer are as follows: temperature ranged 11.8 to $15.4^{\circ}C$ and salinity, 33.8 to $34.8\%_{\circ}$; and also dissolved oxygen and slicate are 5.2 to 5.6ml/l and 5.6 to $9.0{\mu}g-at/l$, respectively. And nitrate and phosphate ranged 1.0 to $6.0{\mu}g-at/l$ and 0.1 to $0.5{\mu}g-at/l$, respectively. The coastal sea of Jeju island is divided into two parts in chemical view point : one is the southeastern sea of Jeju island under the influence of the Tsushima Current, md the other is the northeastern sea of Jejo island under the influence of the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water and the south coastal water of Korea. The north-western sea of Jeju island had relatively a cold (about $13^{\circ}C$) and low saline water (about $34\%_{\circ}$), and dissolved oxygen was higher than in the neibouring waters. It seems that in the southern area between Moseulpo and Seogwipo of Jeju island, two different Ivater masses are complicately intermixed and a tidal front is formed.

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An Analysis of the State of Libraries in Pursuit of the Efficient Development and Management of Children's Library Programs (어린이도서관 프로그램 개발과 운용을 위한 도서관 실태조사 분석)

  • Hong, Hyun-Jin;Kang, Mi-Hee;Kang, Mi-Bong;Dae-Keun, Dae-Keun
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.53-90
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to examine 80 children's libraries in an effort to suggest some of the right directions for the development and management of children's library programs. A survey was conducted on 80 children's libraries in the nation, and the answer sheets from 55 libraries were gathered and analyzed to find out the extent of use, the major users, the book collections, budgets, the types of programs, the target audience of the programs, the terms of the programs, publicity, evaluation and factors determining the success or failure of the programs. In addition, 21 large children's libraries located in Seoul, Gyeongin, Incheon, Busan, North Chungcheong Province, South Jeolla Province and Jeju Island were visited, and the management were interviewed in order to decipher the types and management of the programs, their spatial construction, tie-ups or collaborations with relevant organizations and the utilization of volunteers. Finally, 29 foreign organizations were selected from six foreign countries including the United States, France, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Japan and China, and the cases and states of their programs' management were checked through personal interviews.

Post-national Trends in 21st Century Fashion Based on Multiculturalism (다문화주의를 수용한 21세기 패션의 탈 민족적 경향)

  • Kim, Sun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.34 no.9
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    • pp.1429-1441
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    • 2010
  • This study examines the post-national trends of the $21^{st}$ century fashion that has embraced multiculturalism. This study conducted a literature view to explore the concept of multiculturalism and the background of post-national phenomena appearing in contemporary fashion. In addition, as a case study, the author used local and foreign fashion magazines and collections published between 2000 and 2009, in addition to other related materials available on the Internet. The objective was to analyze photographic materials in which post-national features are reflected. From this study, the post-national trends in $21^{st}$ century fashion that adopted multiculturalism are as follows: The first is that oriental culture is more actively embraced. In the past, the tendency of embracing the oriental culture was mainly developed with a focus on China and Japan, but recently the tendency has spread to Southeast Asian countries and national/ethnic minorities that include Mongolians and Tibetans that is present in more active ways that reflect oriental sentiment and philosophy as well as adopts simple images. Second, $21^{st}$ century fashion based on multiculturalism broadens the interest in the understanding of nations in the regions of Africa, Middle East, and South America and uses regional folk costumes or indigenous characteristics to create new things instead of staying within a fixed paradigm. Third, as horizontal transfer is involved in ways of looking at culture, $21^{st}$ century fashion shows a post-national tendency to use regional cultures and folk costumes of the occidental world that includes North and West Europe in addition to non-mainstream regions (as considered so far). Fourth, dress elements of many heterogeneous national cultures are combined to create multinational images difficult to define in terms of a specific national culture or clothing style.

School child health communication activity needs in Seoul : Focused on school-based health fairs (서울지역 초등학생들의 보건의사소통 요구도 특성 : 학교 건강관련 행사를 중심으로)

  • Park, Kyoung-Ok
    • The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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    • v.6
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    • pp.75-87
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to describe elementary school students' health communication needs based on school-based health fairs by students' demographic characteristics and school health education experiences. A self-administered survey was conducted to a total of 851 fifth-grade students in 8 elementary schools in Seoul. For survey participant sampling, Seoul area was divided into four districts: north, south, east, and west, and two elementary schools were selected from each district by the stratified convenient sampling process. Three class 5th-grade students in each selected school finished the survey. Questionnaires and survey instruction letters were delivered to vice-principals in the designated schools and the vice-principals managed the survey process. The survey Questionnaire included demographic characteristics (sex, parent's marital status, parents' educational status, famil financial status, the person whom was with after school, and daily computer hour), health education experiences (health education at school, and school health education satisfaction), and health communication types. The health communication types were reorganized into eight types based on comprehensive literature review on health fairs (or child and adolescence. The health communication types were 'health exam and advice fair,''health promotion advertising and campaign,' 'health-related exhibition and experience fair,' 'profession visit-in-school education,' 'health-related VCR or movie festival,' 'health-related institute visits,' 'internet health counseling,' and 'telephone health counseling.' Regarding demographic characteristics, sex, family financial status, and academic performance were significant factors related to health communication need scores (p <.05). Girl, high level of family financial status, and excellent academic performance score were related to high score of health communication need. In terms of school health education experience, taking regular class for health education and satisfaction with school health education were linked to higher health communication need scores. This result discusses that experience and satisfaction with school health education largely contribute to building participants' health communication concepts and needs.

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A Study on the Formation of the Seoul-focused Network City for Technological Commercialization (메가 시티 서울의 기술상용화 네트워크 도시 형성에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, Sung-Hoon
    • Journal of Engineering Education Research
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 2015
  • The aim of this paper is to explore the formation of the Seoul-focused network city for technological commercialization compared with Seoul as a mega city. The growth of Seoul and subsequently, the Seoul metropolitan region as a mega city and mega region has led the uneven regional development in Korea since the 1960s. To reduce a huge gap between the Seoul metropolitan and the non-metropolitan region, the concept of network city can be suggested in terms of the functional and spatial division of labor. More specifically, such division of labour throughout the formation of the Seoul-focused network city concentrates on technological commercialization which is deeply concerned with R&BD (research and business development). For this network city, there are 4 axes such as the axis of South-North Korean cooperation (the axis of R&BD for complex technologies), that of the expansion of a mega city (that of R&BD for green growth technology), that of the linkage of small and medium-sized cites (that of R&BD for life science and technology) and that of megalopolis (that of R&BD for basic technology) with regards to the axis of urban development and technological specialization. It shall be argued that the formation of Seoul-focused network city can be an alternative to the contemporary uneven regional development between the Seoul metropolitan and non-metropolitan region in Korea.