• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.99-120
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• 2010

According to it, a final goal of this study sets up 'Renovation of the Red brick architecture' and development of theoretical foundation and substantial conservation about Red brick architecture through historical records must be settled without delay. Firstly, it analyzes related terminology and adjusts brick architecture's history and features for architectural authenticity about Red brick architecture. It would study production and construction process of brick in korea. From analysis of records, brick of traditional meaning is 'Jeondol' and western brick of modern meaning is 'Red brick'. 'Brick' defines a common designation. This study shows definition of words based on documents published until 19th century and a korean language and architecture terms dictionary. In view of this results, the meaning of brick which combines different types extensively uses 'Chu', 'Jeon', 'Byeok' according to the purpose of use and the current of the times. In case of 'Jeon', it uses jointly different types such as '塼', '磚', '甎'. but '塼' is frequently used. Even though these words like 'byeok' used individual or combination types until the late 19th century, there is no use because of japanese terms in japanese colonial. After liberation, it was the term of the traditional brick. Brick is generally used through modern times. In an unabridged Korean language dictionary, it defines this term as orthodox korean '壁乭' and '?乭'. At that time of japanese colonial, 'Yeonwa(煉瓦)' used in combination with brick. Due to influence it, it partly uses until now but it is not in common use. Also, a Korean language dictionary contains transcription of 'Yeonwa' with same definition as 'Byeokdol'. In the other side, it results from translating japanese into Korean. It would make exact definition of 'Yeonwa'.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.231-257
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• 2020

본 연구는 현행 초등 수학 교과서 내 주요 용어의 정의 및 단원평가의 문장제에 사용된 표현을 구문론적 관점에서 문장 복잡성(Yngve, 1960)에 따라 비교분석하였다. 분석 결과, 교과서 내 용어의 정의와 문장제에 사용된 표현에서 저학년 교과서의 문장 복잡성이 낮게 구성되었고, 각 용어의 개별 특성에 따라 문장 구조 및 형태가 서로 다르게 나타나며, 전반적으로 간결하며 문장 복잡성이 낮게 해당 용어의 정의 및 문장제가 서술되었고 용어 정의의 문장이 문장제의 문장보다 복잡하게 구성되었음을 알 수 있었다. 초등학생이 복잡한 문장으로 인하여 수학적 개념 학습의 어려움을 겪지 않도록 교과서 내 문장을 명확하게 서술하고, 적절한 시각적 자료를 함께 제시하며, 개별 학습자의 문해 수준에 알맞은 설명을 보다 섬세하게 고려하여 제공하는 등의 노력이 필요하다.

• 수완나부미
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-53
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• 2016

Debates continue to multiply on the definition and rationale of Southeast Asia as a region and on the utility of the multidisciplinary field of area studies. However, we have now entered a post-colonialist, post-Orientalist, post-structuralist stage of reflection and re-orientation in the era of globalization, and a strong tendency on the part of insiders to pose these issues in terms of an insider-outsider dichotomy. On the one hand, the study of Southeast Asia for researchers from outside the region has become fragmented. This is for very obvious reasons: the strengthening and re-energizing of academic disciplines, the increasing popularity of other non-regional multidisciplinary studies, and the entry of globalization studies into our field of vision. On the other hand, how has the local Southeast Asian academy addressed these major issues of change in conceptualizing the region from an insider perspective? In filling in and giving substance to an outsider, primarily Euro-American-Australian-centric definition and vision of Southeast Asia, some local academics have recently been inclined to construct Southeast Asia in terms of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): a nation-state-based, institutional definition of what a region comprises. Others continue to operate at a localized level exploring small-scale communities and territories, while a modest number focus on sub-regional issues (the Malay-Indonesian world or the Mekong sub-region are examples). However, further reflections suggest that the Euro-American-Australian hegemony is a thing of the past and the ground has shifted to a much greater emphasis on academic activity within the region. Southeast Asia-based academics are also finding it much more important to network within the region and to capture, understand, and analyze what Chinese, Japanese, and Korean scholars are saying about Southeast Asia, its present circumstances and trajectories, and their increasingly close involvement with the region within a greater Asia-Pacific rim. The paper argues that the insider-outsider dichotomy requires considerable qualification. It is a neat way of dramatizing the aftermath of colonialism and Orientalism and of reasserting local priorities, agendas, and interests. But there might be a way forward in resolving at least some of these apparently opposed positions with recourse to the concepts of culture and identity in order to address Southeast Asian diversities, movements, encounters, hybridization, and hierarchies.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.211-222
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• 2006

In collaborative environment, it is necessary that the participants in collaboration should share the same understanding about the semantics of terms. For example, they should know that 'COMPONENT' and 'ITEM' are different word-expressions for the same meaning. In order to handle such problems in information sharing, an information system needs to automatically recognize that the terms have the same semantics. So we develop an algorithm mapping two terms based on their ontological definitions and their similarities. The proposed algorithm consists of four steps: the character matching, the inferencing, the definition comparing and the similarity checking. In the similarity checking step, we consider relation similarity and hierarchical similarity. The algorithm is very primitive, but it shows the possibility of semi-automatic mapping using ontology. In addition, we design a mapping procedure for a mapping system, called SOM (semantic ontology mapper).

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2012

Kidney and liver are the major organs of metabolism and excretion of drugs. Renal and Hepatic impairment may affect the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and the safety of drugs. Adjusting the dosage based on organ function is the essential role of pharmacists. However, differences have been noted on the recommended dosage among the literatures. We compared and analyzed the recommendations of 4 literature sources which are commonly used for dosage adjustment. From April, 2011 to August, 2011, we selected data on recommendations for dosage adjustment for impaired renal and hepatic function of 100 drugs through a protocol. We analyzed the definition terms of renal and hepatic impairment, recommendations for dosage adjustment, evidenced references in four literature sources: Korean National Formulary (KNF), American Hospital Formulary System Drug Information (AHFS), Micromedex (MM) and Drug Prescribing of Renal Failure (DPRF). We further examined the data homogeneity by comparing how drugs that required no adjustment according to one source were categorized by the other. Sources use different definition terms among themselves except DRPF. Presence or absence of evidenced references about renal/hepatic functional states are KNF (0%/0%), AHFS (78%/62.6%), MM (87.5%/65.6%) and DPRF (93.2%/no recommendation) respectively. Recommendations of specific dosage and dosing interval are KNF (24%/13%), AHFS (39.6%/12.1%), MM (50%/17.7%), and DPRF (55.4%/no recommendation) respectively. Regarding the data homogeneity, the differences were remarkable. Drugs with no adjustment according to AHFS were categorized to be adjusted/ contraindicated by KNF, MM, DPRF and the values were (44%/5.6%), (22%/0%), and (36%/0%) in renal function, (39%/6.5%), (19%/3.2%), and (no recommendation/no recommendation) in hepatic function respectively. Our study shows remarkable definite variation in definitions and recommendations about definition terms, information of dosage and interval, presence or absence of evidenced references. Especially for KNF, quantitative recommendations on dosages and dosing intervals should be made in the near future. To maximize the drug effect and safety and to minimize the heterogeneity of the literature sources, reviewing at least two sources are suggested when recommending the proper dosage adjustment based on organ function.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.69-101
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• 2011

Based on the previous translation studies and "WHO-IST", we selected terminology, which are required the definition and explanation among jargon expressed in "Dongeuisusebowon Discourse on Nature and Act", and the procedure of the definition, explanation, and translation in Korean and English has been followed. The outcomes of this study are presented as below: First, based on the existing translation studies, Korean and English translation of "Dongeuisusebowon Discourse on Nature and Act" is provided. Second, few of Terminology in "Dongeuisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)" have been written in WHO-IST, even most of them have been standardized in terms of "Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經)". Therefore, terminology related to Four-constitution medicine in WHO-IST would be required to be corrected, and unattatched terminology should be added in the future. Third, in order to standardize and globalize Four-constitution medicine, further definition, explanation, and translation studies of the rest of Dongeuisusebowon should be continued.

• 대기
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2014

The definition of onset date of Changma is revisited in this study using a quality controlled Ieodo ocean research station data. The Ieodo station has great importance in terms of its southwest location from Korean Peninsula and, hence, makes it possible to predict Changma period in advance with less impact of continents. The onset date of Changma using the Ieodo station data is defined by the time that meridional wind direction changes and maintains from northerly to southerly, and then the zonal wind changes from easterly to westerly after first June. This definition comes from a recognition that the establishment and movement of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) cause Changma through southwesterly flow. The onset data of Changma has been determined by large-scale dynamic-thermodynamic characteristics or various meteorological station data. However, even the definition based on circulation data at the Ieodo station has a potential for the improved prediction skill of the onset date of Changma. The differences between before and after Changma, defined as Ieodo station data, are also found in synoptic chart. The convective instability and conspicuous circulations, corresponding low-level southwesterly flow related to WNPSH and strong upper-level zonal wind, are represented during Changma.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2018

A prototypical building that represents the energy characteristics of buildings can be used as a mean of improving building energy efficiency by supporting policy makers, researchers, architects and engineers. This paper is a fundamental study for the definition of prototypical office building models of Korea. First of all, the term "prototypical buildings" was defined in the context of the representatives of building stock by examining the meanings used from many previous researches. Then, building energy related DB of Korea that is available from public and governmental organization such as MLIT (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport) and KEEI (Korea Energy Economics Institute) is analyzed in terms of materials for prototypical building definition. Finally, numerous prototypical building studies since 1990's from all of the world were classified with three criteria based on the degrees of the used DB and assumptions in defining prototypical building. The found three criteria are EDPB (Empirical Decision based Prototypical Building), HIPB (Hybrid Information based Prototypical Building) SAPB (Statistical Analysis based Prototypical Building).

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2021

Unlike a typical small-sized robot navigating in a free space, an autonomous vehicle has to travel in a designated road which has lanes to follow and traffic rules to obey. High-Definition (HD) maps, which include road markings, traffic signs, and traffic lights with high location accuracy, can help an autonomous vehicle avoid the need to detect such challenging road surroundings. With space constraints and a pre-built HD map, a new type of path planning algorithm can be conceived as a substitute for conventional grid-based path planning algorithms, which require substantial planning time to cover large-scale free space. In this paper, we propose an obstacle-avoiding, cost-based planning algorithm in a continuous space that aims to pursue a globally-planned path with the help of HD map information. Experimentally, the proposed algorithm is shown to outperform other state-of-the-art path planning algorithms in terms of computation complexity in a typical urban road setting, thereby achieving real-time performance and safe avoidance of obstacles.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the current state of distribution terminology usage by retailers and consumers nationwide, and to suggest a practical improvement plan for its standardization. The Korean distribution industry is closely related to consumers' daily lives. However, in reality, there exists a gap among producers, distributors, and consumers in terms of the definition, understanding, and perception of the terminology. Therefore, standardizing this terminology is essential for more smooth communication. This paper suggests the necessity of committing overall research and survey activities to the actual conditions of using Korean distribution terminology by organizations and their respective management situations, and further, the necessity of probing the problem and its measures in line with the objective and mission of the "Fundamental Law of the Korean Language." Research design, data, and methodology - This study's scope is limited to wholesale and retail including some information systems. First, the study covers most written material including lexicons and glossary of distribution terminology, university textbooks and teaching material for national certificate of qualification, and related laws and ordinances. Second, the survey covers retailers' management situations by store format. The retailers used as the sample for the survey include department stores, discount stores, SSM, and convenience stores. Altogether, 20 specialists were interviewed in their respective sectors or retail formats. Finally, the project team surveyed a sample of 1,300 consumers nationwide on 50 distribution terms mainly used by consumers, including those about awareness, understanding, usage, and attitude. Results - In total, 1,249 terms are drawn through literature research including distribution terminology used in the related literature, glossary and lexicons, distribution terminology in textbooks, and legal terminology. A classified table comprises four large categories including general distribution, distribution marketing, distribution information, and merchandise. The results of the three-step research including literature survey, field survey of retailers, and consumer survey were advised to be screened by academia (retail associations, faculty etc.), retailers (major retail management by store format), retail specialists and consultants, consumers, and Korean linguists. In total, 1,300 questionnaires for 50 terms of the distribution terminology closely associated with consumers were distributed to subjects nationwide. Conclusions - The desired and expected results from this study are summarized from three perspectives as follows: First, from retailers' perspective, a new concept, or coinage of new terms of the distribution industry stems from advanced countries such as America and Europe. However, the original meaning and definition are diluted and distorted with changes in the language users' situations and context. This study provides basic guidelines for standardization of distribution terms used among various retail formats in most daily life situations that consumers encounter. Second, from the nation's perspective, this study suggests optimal choices of distribution terminology in the context of laws and ordinances regarding concerned Ministries. Last, from the consumers' perspective, this paper enables consumers to understand and use distribution terms properly in their daily life.