• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.17-38
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• 2019

Deleuze and Guattari revive the educational meaning of training. For them, "a violent training" always penetrates unconsciousness and consciousness. For example, we can float on water only by swimming. There is a complex historical exploration on the subject of training. Socrates distinguishes the training of spirit from that of the body, so he secures the independence of educational language. This heritage continues to us until today. However, Foucault argues that, since the modern era, humans have accepted an active obedience by "disciplinary training". Nowadays, the term "skill discipline" is also reduced to business language, and we should overcome this situation. Deleuze and Guattari suggest a "becoming-other" argument predicated on "pre-conscious singularities" on this point. The training of spirit evolves in relation to a body and other circumstance for them. Therefore, the traditional hierarchy between spirit and body is erased in their argument. Ironically, this argument displays "educational effectiveness" to success Socrates's heritage subverting to the modern thinking of it. In conclusion, we can now rethink the educational value of training based on this effectiveness. Kyudo training is an excellent example of education through body and spirit.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.7-28
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• 2005

We are so used to the concept of the term 'space' that we do not question its conceptual validity. However, this paper argues that the notion of space prevailing all over the world, is not a universal concept that can be applicable to all architectures of the world, but is a particular concept that is generated from the Western way of thinking. This paper alms to identify the conceptual structure of the idea of space as it is originated in the tradition of the West, and, as an alternative view of space, tries to identify the nature of the view of space perceived in the tradition of the Eastern architecture. Comparison of the two views, that of the East and the West, and their meaning in the future of architecture, is another task to discuss in this paper. To be able to clarify the meaning of space in East Asian tradition, a set of new perspective of understanding of space was invited. They are ; 1. sky-earth(天地); insisting that the notion of space should be replaced within the context of sky, which is one half of sky-earth totality 2. energy of the air (空氣), space is not empty part inside of a building, but is a dynamic condition of air that is a part of the sky which always exist in form of energy 3. place(자리): instead of space, which, basically. is a man-made concept, idea of place is necessary, which include not only space but also earth Such concept of space which is different from the notion of space of the West, is meaningful not only to identify the idea of space in the East, but also to be able to contribute for more dynamic, varied, and balanced understanding of space.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2006

Purpose: This research was conducted to explore the relationship between spiritual well being and life attitude among breast cancer patients who were operated, and to increase understanding for wholistic nursing care. Method: With spiritual well being from quality of life questionnaire in breast cancer survivors (QOL-BR 23) of Ferrell et al (1998) and Life attitude profile (LAP) of Recker & Peacock (1981), the data were collected by research assistant in a sample of 56 women with stage 1-stage 3 breast cancer at surgery OPD after follow-up care. Result: Mean spiritual wellbeing score of subject was 5.83 (0-10) and life attitude was 4.96 (1-7). There were significant differences in life attitude according to monthly income (F=3.22, p=.03), and in spiritual wellbeing according to monthly income (F=4.16, p=.01) and religion (t=-3.67, p=.001) among demographic characteristics. There was significant difference in spiritual wellbeing according to the period passed after operation (F=2.89, p=.04) among disease characteristics. From life attitude domain, the mean score of "will to meaning" was the highest (5.30) and "existential vacuum" was the lowest (4.58). There was a significant relationship between spiritual wellbeing and "will to meaning" subscale of life attitude (r=.521, p=.000). The correlation coefficient showed r= .513 between spiritual well being and life attitude. Conclusion: Nurses could promote positive life attitude for breast cancer patients by improving spiritual well being with the encouragement of having religion expecially for long term breast cancer survivors in the process of their rehabilitation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.88-101
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• 2020

The music videos of BTS go beyond the limit of media promoting music and shows their meaning in various ways and complete the visual message of music through fashion style. BTS' fashion style in the music videos shows a change in symbolic representation of the genre of each album and song, of which gender images are changing aligned with the music messages of BTS. The purpose of this study was to derive gender images of fashion style in BTS music videos and to interpret their meaning based on Judith Butler's theory that performativity creates discourse through iterative process. It is conducted as a research method, an analytical study was conducted in parallel with literature studies and empirical case analysis. The scope of the study was limited to 301 costumes that appeared in 21 official music videos from debut single album '2Cool 4 Skool' released in 2013 to the mini album 'Map of the Soul: Persona' released in 2019. As a result of the analysis, the controversial fashion style, challenging fashion style, boyish fashion style, hybrid fashion style, the playful fashion style were revealed. The conclusion of studying the gender image of BTS, interpreted by this analysis using Judith Butler's theory, is as follows. The gender image of BTS is the traditional image that identifies with the dominant gender discourse, the resistive gender image that intentionally distances mainstream culture, the eclectic image parodying the gender of the opposing term, and the deconstructive image that transcends the dominant gender discourse.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.579-598
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• 2011

In this study, the 2011 elementary school mathematics curriculum was analyzed compared to the 2007 elementary school mathematics curriculum with a focus on changes in specified learning topics. First, the topics which are dealt with in the 2011 curriculum were critically discussed. Second, prominent features which can be found in learning topics in 2011 curriculum were found. The following three conclusions which can be obtained from above analyzed results were presented. First, system for curriculum development is necessary to supplement. The process of draft development for public hearing and final curriculum development is not exposed anywhere. It is necessary to clean up and disclose this process in order to study and develop next curriculum. Second, it is necessary to modify the way of stating in curriculum. it is necessary to specify and use the expressions to some extent the meaning of which are not sufficiently established and the meaning of which are ambiguous. Third, the achievement standards set by 2011 curriculum needs to be consistent. The principles for stating achievement standards are necessary. it is necessary to review the link between elementary and middle school curriculum is well-made.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.4
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• pp.26-66
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• 2002

Scribble methodology is developed from the modernist's effort of pursuing the free expression and painterlyness And in modernism period usual abstract mode is made by simple plastic ingredients. One of them is Scribble way. In the period of postmodern, the Scribbling is confused with destructive methodology like Iconoclasm, Vandalism and scribbling. Lucio Fontana and Robert Raushenberg had developed these methodology and made new direction in $1960\sim1970$. After 1980, there had been graffiti movement similar to scribbling in germany. There had been developed many kind of scribble methodology, in each artist and be prolonged destroy the price of our usual concept. These Styles are able to discerned as follows. Firstly, in case of Cy Twombly, he used very allusive signifier, which contain different motives come from the ancient ruins or myths. The methodology follows multi-codified meaning relationship. Secondly, the methodology was developed by Jean Michael Basquait as the type of Hispanic scribbling for ebony peoples and by Keith Harring as the type of Cartoon image of Mass-media based on technology. Thirdly, the multi-meaning style was developed by David Salle as the type of destructive methodology which are the ambivalent images conjoined difference time and term and by Gigmar Polke as the type of mixture of abstract and realistic shapes together which are based on the aesthetics which is based on pessimistic sight for contemporary civilization. It means the methodology is based on the multi-codification of postmodern semiotics. So the scribbling mode is subjected as important as the changedness of late 20th century painting developments.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to determine the experiences of the disaster response team 9 participants who participated in the disaster after the fire incident occurred in Jecheon Sports Center and their meaning and essence. Methods : Nine disaster response teams were the subjects of the study, and Individual in-depth interviews were conducted. Data were collected online between January 6 and April 30, 2021, from the software Zoom^TM. This study was conducted as a qualitative study by applying Giorgi's phenomenological experiential research method, which has an advantage in revealing the essential structure and meaning of experience. Results : Three major themes were derived from the study results: the stimulus through unfamiliar experiences, the grievances due to work environment and regional characteristics, and dullness resulting from hiding and enduring. The following 17 sub-themes were identified: learning through unfamiliar experiences, frustration due to unexpected circumstances, shock from unfamiliar experiences, doing my best in the present, confidence due to increased experience, disunified system, intervention of various interests, the atmosphere that puts responsibility on others, inactive help, unforgettable regional characteristics, working without time to settle, tolerating it in my own way, memories left in the unconsciousness, sudden suffering from memories that come to mind, movement in anxiety and tension, dullness, work with colleagues in the same situation. Conclusion : This study is meaningful in that it attempted to provide basic data in preparing a long-term strategy for effective policy direction and institutional protection based on the systematic mental health management of the disaster response team. Additionally, this study's results can be used as primary data for future research among Disaster Response Team.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.185-195
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively interpret the practical adaptation experience of male nurses working shifts and to understand the meaning and essence. The data collection period was from September 2022 to November 2022 and in-depth interviews were conducted with 9 male nurses working at tertiary general hospitals, general hospitals, special hospitals and long-term care hospitals until content saturation. Data analysis was applied according to Colaizzi's phenomenological research method, and as a result of the study, 4 categories, and 11 theme were derived. The 4 categories consisted of 'Changes due to shift work', 'Difficulties arising from gender differences', 'Adaptation for job performance', and 'Growth and direction for the future'. Through this study, it was possible to explore the meaning of the practical adaptation experience of male nurses working in shifts, and it was found that it was necessary to develop and apply work environment improvement plans and male nurses' capacity building programs for nursing work.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.123-134
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• 2022

War films are a general term for films that have battlefields as their main background. Although war films as a genre directly deal with combat situations, they also deal with characters or subjects related to war. War films promote patriotism and nationalism, but they also argue against war by highlighting the disastrous war. This study is based on the color theory that the meaning of film color is temporarily and infinitely generated according to the cultural differences, with Eisenstein's creative theory on film color and pathos. I wanted to clarify the pathos effect and the meaning of color green expressed in the Korean war films. In war films, colors are visualized in art forms such as symbols, similes and metaphors. In war films, color green symbolizes life. On the battlefield, the green of nature stands against the catastrophic situation. The green of ecology, which insists on the flow of life, evokes fear in ecological crises such as war, disaster and climate change. The dark green caused by a catastrophe like war warns of the destruction of life. The connotation of color is temporarily and infinitely expands according to the cultural differences. The dark green, which visualizes the battlefield of destruction, is a form and element of pathos that indicates changes in emotions such as sadness, pity, grief and despair. Pathos as an emotional appeal is a leap from the quality to the quality of the means of expression and refers to the departure from Dasein. The green color that dominates the visuals of war films is a symbol of life and functions as a pathos that makes emotional changes take a new leap. A qualitative leap through pathos means all changes that become new.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.337-347
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• 2021

This study is a qualitative study conducted to provide basic data for therapists working in long-term care hospitals to improve their countermeasure strategies for new infectious diseases and improvement of the treatment room infection management system, and to help therapists understand their infection management work. Colaizzi's phenomenological research method was applied as the research method. Telephone interviews were conducted with nine occupational therapists and physical therapists working in nursing hospitals. The contents of the interview were recorded with the consent of the study subjects, and additional confirmation was received by email. The recorded content was analyzed after transcription, and the meaning and nature of the experience coping with COVID-19 were described. The content was organized into 6 themes, 17 main meaning and 49 meaning units. In accordance with the COVID-19 situation, the infection control system has been strengthened by reinforcing infection control education in nursing hospitals, practicing infection control, and supervising infection control outside business hours. It was found that the treatment environment was changed due to the restriction of treatment activities by practicing distancing in the treatment room, adjusting rest and meal times during working hours, and strengthening infection control. In addition, the therapist's role has been expanded and the paradigm of treatment has changed, such as considering the untact intervention, and they have experienced cohort quarantine, pre-tested for COVID-19, vaccinations, and side effects from COVID-19. However, due to the infection work, the therapist's work burden is increased, and the person is experiencing fear, depression, and work stress from the spread of COVID-19. They were also aware of the need for nursing hospital care personnel support, such as guaranteeing rest after vaccination and providing infection control tools and equipment. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for human and physical support for the development of infectious disease response strategy programs in nursing hospital treatment rooms and for infection control in nursing hospitals.