• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.7-20
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• 2012

The objective of this paper is to construct pseudo-panel data set and estimate price and income elasticities of car travel demand, using 1995-2007 household income and expenditure survey data, in order to provide quantitative information for analyzing related policy effects in the transport sector. We categorized household survey data into 14 cohorts based on the birth year of the household head. As the result, a total of 133 pseudo-panel data sets was created for estimating price and income elasticities of car travel demand. Especially, price and income elasticities of car travel demand were separately estimated both short-term and long-term. We analyzed the panel model considering fixed effect within cohorts, using explanatory variables such as previous year's fuel consumption, real household income after tax, education level of the household head, the number of children under five, and the share of household type averaged by cohorts. As results, the short-term and long-term price elasticities of car travel demand were calculated as 0.2974-0.4280 and 0.4087-0.6275, respectively. Similarly, the short-term and long-term income elasticities were calculated as 0.3364-0.6281 and 0.7098, respectively.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.53-62
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• 2018

Purpose - The focus of this study is to investigate the structural influences such as brand value, relationship value, market orientation, long-term orientation, and performance. The effects of brand value and relationship value on the differences on transaction performance in b2b was investigated. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject of this study was a liquor and beverage distribution company that deals in b2b. The research hypothesis is based on literature of the preceding research analysis of brand value, relationship value, market orientation and long-term orientation. This study has constructs that was defined operationally by referencing previous studies. Operational questionnaire was used to investigate the target key staff who work in the liquor and beverage distribution company. 178 survey data were used for empirical analysis to prove the hypothesis. This study used structural equation techniques(AMOS) to prove the research hypothesis. Results - The main results of this empirical study were as follows. First, supplier's brand awareness has a positive effect on market orientation, but did not affect long-term orientation. Brand awareness of suppliers indicates that they are not directly related to long-term orientation. Second, supplier's brand image has a positive effect on market orientation and long-term orientation in b2b transaction. So, the brand image and reputation of the supplier suggest that it is important for the b2b transaction to have a market orientation tendency or a long-term orientation. Third, supplier's relationship value has a positive effect on long-term orientation, but does not affect market orientation. Relationship value indicates that they are not directly related to market orientations of the buyer. Fourth, Market orientation has a positive effect on long-term orientation and marketing performance and long-term orientation has a positive effect on marketing performance in b2b. Additionally, the buyers market and long term orientation are important factors in marketing performance in b2b. ' Conclusions - Based on empirical results, this study confirmed that brand image rather than brand awareness positively influenced long-term orientation as well as market orientation in b2b. Relationship value can be found in transactions, which is important for long-term orientation. Especially, these findings are suggestive in the consumer goods distribution market.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing health workers' infection management behavior in long-term care facilities. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with 180 health workers who are employed in long-term care facilities. The data were collected from April, 25 until July, in 2016. Results: Infection management behavior positively correlated with the perceived importance of infection management (r=.77, p<.001), but role conflict negatively correlated with infection management behavior (r=.28, p<.001). The hierarchical regression model with general characteristics (first step) and perceived importance of infection management, work environment, and role conflict (second step) against infection management behavior was statistically significant (F=31.93, p<.001). This model could explain 62.8% of infection management behavior ($R^2=.62$, ${\Delta}R^2=.39$). Particularly, perceived importance of infection management was identified as factors influencing infection management behavior(${\beta}=.70$, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study imply that systemic education about infection control and monitoring should be considered, so as to encourage proper infection management behaviors among health workers in long-term care facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.19-40
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• 2009

In this study, we proposed some fundamental considerations in application of a migration strategy for long-term preservation of electronic records. It also reviewed the notion of migration and various data migration strategies such as DPT and CAMiLEON through the literature survey.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a short-term ICT training course that helps teachers from non-computing disciplines in developing countries acquire flipped-learning content creation skills. A field application is performed by applying the developed ICT training course to secondary school teachers of non-ICT subject specialisms in Laos. In the field study, participating teachers' teaching efficacy on ICT and satisfaction toward the training course are measured. The result of t-test on ICT teaching efficacy showed statistically significant increases in teachers' self-efficacy related to ICT use, both personal efficacy and outcome expectancy. The satisfaction survey performed after training showed that trainees were highly satisfied with the training course. The results of this field study could be used to propose a short-term teacher education model that could be applicable to teachers in other developing countries.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.260-269
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in health status and the utilization of long-term care service between urban and rural aged residents in Korea. Methods: Through convenience sampling, 1,405 elders (829 from urban areas and 576 from rural areas) were selected during March 1 to May 31 in 2004. All the subjects agreed to participate and filled out the survey questionnaire after signing the consent form. The instruments utilized in this study were the impairment of physio-sensory function, ADL IADL, cognitive function, and psycho-social function scale. This instrument was developed by modifying the scab developed by Gurland & Wilder (1984). Data was analyzed using the SPSS Win program. Results: There were significant differences in economic status, duration of living and type of medical insurance between rural and urban elderly(p<.05). Physio-sensory functions (t=4.53. p<.001), ADL (t=3.61. p<.001), IADL (t=2.45, p=.014), cognitive functions (t=-2.63. p=.024) and psycho-social functions (t=3.69. p<.001) were significantly different between the two groups. The utilization of long-term care facility in the urban elderly was significantly higher than that in the rural elderly ($x^2=10.14$, p<.001). Conclusion: Considering these findings. the need for long-term care should be assessed by residence characteristics. Because of different utilization of long term care facility according to the elderly's needs, long-term care services should be considered the residence characteristics.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.108-120
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• 2024

The study aimed to investigate the basic data to derive plans for snack provision to improve the nutritional status of older adults living in long-term care facilities (LFs) or long-term care hospitals (LHs). The 252 respondents (118 from LHs and 134 from LFs) were included in the study. The questionnaire of nationwide cross-sectional survey was developed by the authors and registered dietitians. The written questionnaire was sent to the food service managers across 800 LFs or LHs. The online survey was introduced using the online platform and network site for dietitians. More than 70% of live-in and non-live-in LFs provided snacks, which were mainly provided one to two times a day. Most institutions provided fruits one to three times a week. The main considerations when providing fruit were in the order of residents' preference, cost, and ease of consumption. The reasons for not serving fruit included cost and differences in the residents' eating and mastication abilities. Most institutions also provided dairy products at a frequency of one to three times a week. The reasons for not serving dairy products included cost and the lack of awareness of the need to provide them. To improve the quality of life and the offer benefits of fruits and dairy products to older people, efforts are needed to propose a plan to expand the provision of snacks in appropriate quantities and varieties.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.133-151
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• 2012

This study investigates Korean university students' perception of TOEIC courses taught by Korean and native English teachers and test results in an effort to identify better methodologies to teach TOEIC. To find out the student's perceptions of TOEIC classes, a survey was conducted. The one hundred sixty students who attended the TOEIC courses participated in a questionnaire survey at the end of the semester. Based on a survey of students' assumptions toward TOEIC classes and teachers, this paper discusses the skills students feel important to improve their TOEIC scores and what their actual scores show. The research questions were: 1) what are some of the benefits of having a Korean or native English teacher for TOEIC courses? 2) what are some of the drawbacks of having a Korean or native English teacher for TOEIC courses? The results indicated that Korean and native English teachers have an equal chance to become successful teachers, but the methods used by the two groups are not the same in the context of teaching TOEIC courses; in the short term, direct test preparation, dictation and repetition by Korean or native teachers might be good methods for TOEIC courses, however, in the long term, conversation and discussion performed by native teachers may affect scores in a positive way.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.297-304
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• 2013

This research explores the effect of TV news camerawork and viewers' involvement on memory of news through experiment. For this experimental research, 2 groups of subjects composed of university students were exposed to different types of TV news and responded to survey questions which were analysed by SPSS program. This research found that camerawork of TV news doesn't have an effect on short-term memory but on long-term memory. Though the fact viewers' involvement has a positive effect on shot-term and long-term memory was found, interactive effect of viewers' involvement and camerawork as an peripheral clue was not found.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2019

The paper aims to investigate the impacts of long-term savings motives on fostering household participation and contribution to savings mechanisms in rural Vietnam. The paper is organized in five parts: introduction, data description, methodology, empirical results, and conclusion. The quantitative methodology is employed and three simultaneous estimation methods, including instrumental variable model, two-step model, and Heckman model are used to test these impacts as well as the robustness of results. In each model, the paper examines the impacts of independent factors on both household participation and household contribution to savings mechanisms. Two sets of independent variables: long-term savings motives (profit-making investment, accumulation for big expenditure, providing for old age, and cost of educations) and control variables (dependency rate, number of people in household, and household wealth) are in each model. A set of dataset of 2,314 households for analysis is obtained from household survey in rural Vietnam. Robust statistical findings indicate that profit-making investment emerged to be the strongest motive fostering household participation to savings mechanisms while other long-term savings motives have little or no impact on fostering household participation to savings mechanisms. In addition, education investment encourages household contribution to savings mechanisms in rural Vietnam.