• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2002

지진하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 패널의 이력거동을 힘의 평형조건, 변형의 적합조건 및 재료의 구성법칙을 이용한 재료메카니즘을 이용하여 예측하였다. 해석에서는 7단계의 압축응력-변형률곡선과 6단계의 인장응력-변형률곡선으로 구성된 콘크리트의 응력-변형률 모델을 이용하였다. 콘크리트의 응력-변형률 모델에는 균열이 발생한 콘크리트의 연화효과에 의한 압축강도 저감효과가 고려되었다. 해석에 적용된 반복하중을 받는 철근의 평균 응력-변형률관계에는 바우싱거효과 및 철근과 콘크리트의 부착작용을 고려한 인장경화효과가 고려되었다. 해석에 의하여 예측된 패널의 이력거동은 철근비가 다른 3개의 철근콘크리트 패널시험에 의하여 검증되었다. 해석법은 패널의 이력곡선을 추적하여 철근비가 점차 증가하는 시험체의 최대전단응력을 매우 정확히 예측하였다. 또한, 해석에 의하여 예측된 수직 및 수평변형률은 실험에서 관찰된 변형률과 잘 일치하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2017

The Newman-Raju formula and contour integral-based finite element analyses(FEAs) have been widely used to assess crack growth rates and residual lives at crack locations in ships or offshore structures, but the Newman-Raju formula is known to be less accurate for the complicated weld details and the conventional FEA-based contour integral approach needs concentrated efforts to construct FEA models. Recently, an extended finite element method(XFEM) has been proposed to reduce those modeling efforts with reliable accuracy. Stress intensity factors(SIFs) from the approaches such as the Newman-Raju formula, conventional FEA-based J-integral, and XFEM-based J-integral were compared for an infinitely long plate with a propagating elliptic crack. It was concluded that the XFEM approach was far reliable in terms of prediction ability of SIFs. Assuming a 25 year-aged coast guard patrol ship had the prescribed cracks at the bracket toes attached to longitudinal stiffeners in way of deck and bottom, SIFs were derived based on the three approaches. To obtain axial tension loads acting on the longitudinal stiffeners, long term hull girder bending moments were assumed to obey Weibull distribution of which two parameters were decided from a reference (DNV, 2014). For the complicated weld details, it was concluded that the XFEM approach could cost-effectively and accurately estimate the crack growth rates and residual lives of ship structures.

• 지질공학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2021

Land creeping is the imperceptibly slow, steady, downward movement o f slope-forming soil or rock. Because creep-related failures occur frequently on a large scale without notice, they can be hazardous to both property and human life. Korea Forest Service has operated the prevention and response system from land creeping which has been on the rise since 2018. We categorized and proposed three survey steps (e.g., preliminary, regional, detailed) for investigation of creeping susceptibility site with a focus on geophysical mapping of a selected test site, Yongheung-dong, Pohang, Korea. The combination of geophysical (dipole-dipole electrical resistivity tomography and reciprocal seismic refraction technique, well-logging), geotechnical studies (standard penetrating test, laboratory tests), field mapping (tension cracks, uplift, fault), and comprehensive interpretation of their results provided the reliable information of the subsurface structures including the failure surface. To further investigate the subsurface structure including the sliding zone, we performed high-resolution geophysical mapping in addition to the regional survey. High-resolution seismic velocity structures are employed for stability analysis because they provided more simplified layers of weathering rock, soft rock, and hard rock. Curved slip plane of the land creeping is effectively delineated with a shape of downslope sliding and upward pushing at the apex of high resistive bedrock in high-resolution electrical resistivity model with clay-mineral contents taken into account. Proposed survey steps and comprehensive interpretation schemes of the results from geological, geophysical, and geotechnical data should be effective for data sets collected in a similar environment to land-creeping susceptibility area.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 고성능 감수제의 종류가 알칼리활성 슬래그 기반 무시멘트 복합재료의 인장거동과 균열패턴에 미치는 영향을 실험적으로 조사하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 고성능 감수제 종류에 따라 3종류의 배합을 준비하였고, 압축강도 및 인장실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 혼합 후 굳기 전에 섬유뭉침이나 섬유의 쏠림이 없었지만 고성능 감수제의 종류에 따라 복합재료의 인장강도, 인장변형성능, 그리고 인성은 최대 28.1%, 39.1%, 66.2% 차이가 나는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고성능 감수제는 균열개수와 최대 섬유 가교 응력에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.355-365
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• 2019

It is normal to observe the presence of numerous cracks in coal body. And it has significantly effective on the mechanical characteristics and realistic failure models of coal mass. Therefore, this paper is to investigate the influence of crack parameters on coal body by comprehensive using theoretical analysis, laboratory experiments and numerical simulation through prepared briquette specimens. Different from intact coal body possessing single peak in stress-strain curve, other specimens with crack angle can be illustrated to own double peaks. Moreover, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of specimens decreases and follow by increasing with the increase of crack angle. It seems to like a parabolic shape with an upward opening. And it can be demonstrated that the minimum UCS is obtained in crack angle $45^{\circ}$. In terms of failure types, it is interesting to note that there is a changing trend from tensile failure to tensile-shear mixing failure with tension dominant follow by shear dominant with the increase of crack angle. However, the changing characteristics of UCS and failure forms can be explained by elastic-plastic and fracture mechanics. Lastly, the results of numerical simulations are good consistent with the experimental results. It provides experimental and theoretical foundations to reveal fracture mechanism of coal body with non-penetrating single crack further.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2022

In this study, the microstructural characteristics of a high-speed-extruded Mg-5Bi-3Al (BA53) alloy and its tensile, compressive, and high-cycle fatigue properties are investigated. The BA53 alloy is successfully extruded at a die-exit speed of 16.6 m/min without any hot cracking using a large-scale extruder for mass production. The homogenized BA53 billet has a large grain size of ~900 ㎛ and it contains fine and coarse Mg₃Bi₂ particles. The extruded BA53 alloy has a fully recrystallized microstructure with an average grain size of 33.8 ㎛ owing to the occurrence of complete dynamic recrystallization during high-speed extrusion. In addition, the extruded BA53 alloy contains numerous fine lath-type Mg₃Bi₂ particles, which are formed through static precipitation during air cooling after exiting the extrusion die. The extruded BA53 alloy has a high tensile yield strength of 175.1 MPa and ultimate tensile strength of 244.4 MPa, which are mainly attributed to the relative fine grain size and numerous fine particles. The compressive yield strength (93.4 MPa) of the extruded BA53 alloy is lower than its tensile yield strength, resulting in a tension-compression yield asymmetry of 0.53. High-cycle fatigue test results reveal that the extruded BA53 alloy has a fatigue strength of 110 MPa and fatigue cracks initiate at the surface of fatigue test specimens, indicating that the Mg₃Bi₂ particles do not act as fatigue crack initiation sites. Furthermore, the extruded BA53 alloy exhibits a higher fatigue ratio of 0.45 than other commercial extruded Mg-Al-Zn-based alloys.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.113-131
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• 2022

A rockburst is a common disaster in deep-tunnel excavation engineering, especially for high-geostress areas. An anomalously low friction effect is one of the most important inducements of rockbursts. To elucidate the correlation between an anomalously low friction effect and a rockburst, we establish a two-dimensional prediction model that considers the discontinuous structure of a rock mass. The degree of freedom of the rotation angle is introduced, thus the motion equations of the blocks under the influence of a transient disturbing force are acquired according to the interactions of the blocks. Based on the two-dimensional discontinuous block model of deep rock mass, a rockburst prediction model is established, and the initiation process of ultra-low friction rockburst is analyzed. In addition, the intensity of a rockburst, including the location, depth, area, and velocity of ejection fragments, can be determined quantitatively using the proposed prediction model. Then, through a specific example, the effects of geomechanical parameters such as the different principal stress ratios, the material properties, a dip of principal stress on the occurrence form and range of rockburst are analyzed. The results indicate that under dynamic disturbance, stress variation on the structural surface in a deep rock mass may directly give rise to a rockburst. The formation of rockburst is characterized by three stages: the appearance of cracks that result from the tension or compression failure of the deformation block, the transformation of strain energy of rock blocks to kinetic energy, and the ejection of some of the free blocks from the surrounding rock mass. Finally, the two-dimensional rockburst prediction model is applied to the construction drainage tunnel project of Jinping II hydropower station. Through the comparison with the field measured rockburst data and UDEC simulation results, it shows that the model in this paper is in good agreement with the actual working conditions, which verifies the accuracy of the model in this paper.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.655-661
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• 2005

For a hydro power plant project, the headrace tunnel having a finished diameter of 3.3m was constructed in volcanic rocks with well-developed vertical joint and high groundwater table. The intake facility was located 20.3 km upstream of the powerhouse and headrace tunnel of 20 km in length and penstock of 440 m in height connected the intake and the powerhouse. The typical caldera lake, Lake Toba set the geology at the site; the caving of the ground caused tension cracks in the vertical direction to be developed and initial stresses at the ground to be released. High groundwater table(the maximum head of 20 bar) in the area of well-connected vertical joints delayed the progress of tunnel excavation severely due to the excessive inflow of groundwater. The excavation of tunnel was made using open-shield type TBM and mucking cars on the rail. High volume of water inflow raised the water level inside tunnel to 70 cm, 17% of tunnel diameter (3.9 m) and hindered the mucking of spoil under water. To improve the productivity, several adjustments such as modification of TBM and mucking cars and increase in the number of submersible pumps were made for the excavation of severe water inflow zone. Since the ground condition encountered during excavation turned out to be much worse, it was decided to adopt PC segment lining instead of RC lining. Besides, depending on the conditions of the water inflow, rock mass condition and internal water pressure, one of the invert PC segment lining with in-situ RC lining, RC lining and steel lining was applied to meet the site specific condition. With the adoption of PC segment lining, modification of TBM and other improvement, the excavation of the tunnel under severe groundwater condition was successfully completed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.361-370
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• 2017

Through the use of finite element analysis and acoustic emission techniques we have evaluated the interfacial failure of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) repair patch on a notched aluminum substrate. The repair of cracks is a very common and widely used practice in the aeronautics field to extend the life of cracked sheet metal panels. The process consists of adhesively bonding a patch that encompasses the notched site to provide additional strength, thereby increasing life and avoiding costly replacements. The mechanical strength of the bonded joint relies mainly on the bonding of the adhesive to the plate and patch stiffness. Stress concentrations at crack tips promote disbonding of the composite patch from the substrate, consequently reducing the bonded area, which makes this a critical aspect of repair effectiveness. In this paper we examine patch disbonding by calculating the influence of notch tip stress on disbond area and verify computational results with acoustic emission (AE) measurements obtained from specimens subjected to uniaxial tension. The FE results showed that disbonding first occurs between the patch and the substrate close to free edge of the patch followed by failure around the tip of the notch, both highest stress regions. Experimental results revealed that cement adhesion at the aluminum interface was the limiting factor in patch performance. The patch did not appear to strengthen the aluminum substrate when measured by stress-strain due to early stage disbonding. Analysis of the AE signals provided insight to the disbond locations and progression at the metal-adhesive interface. Crack growth from the notch in the aluminum was not observed until the stress reached a critical level, an instant before final fracture, which was unaffected by the patch due to early stage disbonding. The FE model was further utilized to study the effects of patch fiber orientation and increased adhesive strength. The model revealed that the effectiveness of patch repairs is strongly dependent upon the combined interactions of adhesive bond strength and fiber orientation.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2017

본 연구는 초고강도 섬유보강 콘크리트의 인장강도 특성을 파악하기 위한 일환의 연구로서 직접인장시험에 의한 노치가 도입된 시험체의 인장성능을 파악하기 위하여 시험변수는 목표 설계기준강도 120, 150 및 180MPa를 대상으로 하였으며, 양생조건을 일반 수중양생과 $90^{\circ}C$ 고온증기 양생조건으로 하여 그 특성을 검토하였다. 전반적으로 노치타입의 직접인장강도 시험체는 기존 직접인장 시험체에 비해 중앙균열 유도가 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며 데이터를 직접 인장강도-변형률 그래프로 나타낸 결과 먼저 재령 측면에서는 28일에서 56일로 진행할 때의 강도 상승이 가장 높은 것으로 측정 되었으며, 양생조건 측면에서는 고온증기 양생의 경우 수중양생의 비해 초기 강도가 높으나 장기 재령에 가까워질수록 두 가지 양생조건의 직접인장강도 차이가 미비해지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 최대인장강도는 수중양생의 경우 모든 목표설계강도가 재령이 증가할수록 일정하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 증기양생의 경우 재령 7일에서 초기강도 발현 효과로 인해 상당히 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 초기균열 강도는 수중양생의 경우 재령경과에 따라 증가하며, 증기양생의 경우 7일에서 수중양생에 비해 높은 것으로 나타난 반면에 28일 강도는 저하하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이부분에 대해서는 강섬유의 배열상태 등의 검토가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.