• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.87-100
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• 2007

This study examines on the structural Methods between purlin and beam at Wooden Architecture in Joseon Dynasty($1372{\sim}1910$). Through the investigation, it is verified that the structural methods between purlin and beam is the technique utilizing tenon joint(통장부맞춤), Sungeoteok joint(숭어턱맞춤), dovetailed tenon joint(주먹장맞춤). And the methods of tenon joint is followed by the Sungeoteok joint, which is used in the buildings after middle Joseon dynasty. The method of tenon joint(통장부맞춤) is to connect the beam with the purlin by carving out the head of the beam as '一' shape. And the structural methods between Janghyeo(장혀, timber under purlin) and beam is halved joint(반턱맞춤) and tenon joint (통장부맞춤). The buildings in late Goryeo Dynasty and Joseon Dynasty adopted the method of tenon joint between purlin and beam. The method of Sungeoteok joint is to connect the beam with the purlins by carving out the head of the beams '凸' shape. And the structural methods between Janghyeo and beams is halved joint(반턱맞춤) and tenon joint(통장부맞춤), the method of tenon and step joint(통장부턱맞춤), dovetailed joint between beam and Janghyeo to increase the security of shear force.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.204-217
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• 2016

Modified poplar has emerged as a potential raw material for furniture production. Lack of specific modified poplar strength information; however, restricts applications in the furniture industry especially as related to strength in corner-joints. Optimization of strength in L-shaped corner dowel modified poplar joints under compression loads utilizing finite element analysis (FEA) by Taguchi method with the focus of this study. Four experiment factors (i.e., Structure Style, Tenon Length, Tenon Diameter, and Tenon Gap), each at three levels, were conducted by adopting a $L_9-3^4$ Taguchi orthodoxy array (OA) to determine the optimal combination of factors and levels for the von Mises stress utilizing ANSYS software. Results of Signal-to-Noise ratio (S/N) analysis and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the optimal L-shaped corner dowel joint in modified poplar is $45^{\circ}$ Bevel Butt in structure style, 24 mm in tenon length, 6 mm in tenon diameter, and 20 mm in tenon gap. Tenon length and tenon gap are determined to be significant design factors for affecting von Mises Stress. Confirmation tests with optimal levels and experimental test indicated the predicted optimal condition is comparable to the actual experimental optimal condition.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2018

To study the mechanical properties of joints in ancient timber buildings in depth, the force mechanism of the through-tenon joints was analyzed, also the theoretical formulas of the moment-rotation angles of the joints with different loosening degrees were deduced. To validate the rationality of the theoretical calculation formulas, six joint models with 1/3.2 scale ratio, including one intact joint and five loosening joints, were fabricated and tested under cyclic loading. The specimens underwent the elastic stage, the plastic stage and the destructive stage, respectively. At the same time, the moment-rotation backbone curves of the tenon joints with different looseness were obtained, and the theoretical calculation results were validated when compared with the experimental results. The results show that the rotational moment and the initial rotational stiffness of the tenon joints increase gradually with the increase of the friction coefficient. The increase of the tenon section height can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the through-tenon joints. As the friction coefficient of the wood and the insertion length of the tension increase, the embedment length goes up, whereas it decreases with the increase of section height. With the increase of the looseness, the bearing capacity of the joint is reduced gradually.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.77 no.4
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• pp.509-521
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• 2021

The neighbouring gaps at the mortise-tenon joint in traditional timber structure, which leads to the complexity of the joint, are considered to impair the mechanical performance of the joint. In this paper, numerical simulation of loose joint was conducted to examine the deformation states, stress distributions, and bearing capacities, which was verified by full-scale test. On the basis of the experimental and numerical results, a simplified mechanics model with gaps has been proposed to present the bending capacity of the loose joint. Besides, the gap effects and parameter studies on the influences of tenon height, friction coefficient, elastic modulus and axial load were also investigated. As a result, the estimated relationship between moment and rotation angle of loose joint showed the agreement with the numerical results, demonstrating validity of the proposed model; The bending bearing capacity and rotational stiffness of loose joint had a certain drop with the increasing of gaps; and the tenon height may be the most important factor affecting the mechanical behaviors of the joint when it is subjected to repeated load; Research results can provide important references on the condition assessments of the existing mortise-tenon joint.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.307-323
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• 2023

This study compares two prominent design provisions, National Design Specification (NDS) and Eurocode 5, on load-carrying capacity calculations and failure analysis for mortise-tenon joints. Design procedures of double-shear connection from both provisions were used to calculate load-carrying capacity of mortise-tenon joints with eight different bolt sizes. From this calculation, the result was validated using finite element analysis and failure criteria models. Although both provisions share similar failure modes, their distinct calculation methods significantly influence the design load-carrying capacity values. Notably, Eurocode 5 predicts a 6% higher design load-carrying capacity for mortise-tenon joints with varying bolt diameters under horizontal loads and 14% higher under vertical loads compared to NDS. However, the results from failure criteria models indicate that NDS closely aligns with the actual load-carrying capacity. This indicates that Eurocode 5 presents a less conservative design and potentially requires fewer fasteners in the final timber connection design. This evaluation initiates the potential for the development of a wider range of timber connections, including mortise-tenon joints with wooden pegs.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2012

The failure of tenon in a traditional wood-framed structure may collapse of the entire structure. This study evaluates the strength and stiffness of tenon joints between the beams and pillars through experimental study and suggests reinforcing method of the tenon joint without dismantling the main structures. The main experimental parameters are the number, distance, shape, and inserting depth of spiral-shaped reinforcing steels. As the thickness of the tenon in beams increases, the strength and the initial shear stiffness of the joint increases and, however, the tenons in pillar becomes weaker, resulting in the safety problem of the structure. It is recommended that three spiral-shaped reinforcing steels be placed in the central parts of the tenon to effectively improve the strength and the shear stiffness of the joint.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 2016

To modularize the joints of Hanok, the bending strengths of butterfly joints between pre-cut and manual member were compared. Structural size joints were manufactured and the length, width and thickness of each tenon were produced with different sizes. The ultimate load of pre-cut members was 2 times higher than that of manual members. Degree of anchorage for the joints on pre-cut member was also superior to that of manual member. By the F-test results, a great influence between ultimate load and sizes of tenon was found. In result of multiple regression analysis, the length and thickness of tenon were showed proportion relationships with the ultimate load, but the width of tenon was showed inverse proportion with the ultimate load. The results of this study can be used to identify the relationships among the major influence factors. Futhermore, it might be used as basic data for modularization the joints of Hanok.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.415-424
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• 2013

The goal of this study is to analyze the effects of geometries of mortise and tenon on moment carrying capacity of the "sagae" connection. Effects of different tenon widths, mortise depths of connection from the top and bottom beams on stress distribution were investigated using the finite element method (FEM). Critical normal and shear stresses occurred at the reentrant corner from the mortise of the bottom beam. The maximum moment carrying capacity of the sagae connection from the FEM was validated from the results of experimental test. Maximizing moment carrying capacity of the sagae connection was found when the tenon width and mortise depth from the two beams were 40 mm and 60 mm, respectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.75 no.5
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• pp.529-540
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• 2020

The mechanical properties of timber construction have drawn more attention after the 2013 Lushan earthquake. A strong desire to preserve this ancient architectural styles has sprung up in recent years, especially for residential buildings of the mountainous areas. In the column-and-tie timber construction, continuous-tenon joints are the most common structural form to connect the chuanfang (similar to the beam in conventional structures) and the column. To study the cyclic performance of the continuous-tenon joints in column-and-tie timber construction, the reversed lateral cyclic loading tests were carried out on three 3/4 scale specimens with different section heights of the chuanfang. The mechanical behavior was assessed by studying the ultimate bending capacity, deformation ductility and energy dissipation capacity. Test results showed that the slippage of chuanfang occurred when the specimens entered the plastic stage, and the slippage degree increased with the increase of the section height of chuanfang. An obvious plastic deformation of the chuanfang occurred due to the mutual squeezing between the column and chuanfang. A significant pinching was observed on the bending moment-rotation curves, and it was more pronounced as the section height of chuanfang increased. The further numerical investigations showed that the flexural capacity and initial stiffness of the continuous-tenon joints increased with the increase of friction coefficient between the chuanfang and the column, and a more obvious increasing of bending moment occurred after the material yielding. The compressive strength perpendicular to grain of the material played a more significant role in the ultimate bending capacity of continuous-tenon joints than the compressive strength parallel to grain.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.290-297
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• 2012

Recently, interest in wooden construction have been growing by increasing needs and demands for eco-friendly and traditional wooden building(Hanok). Especially, Hanok has the technical development in manufacturing the mortise-tenon joint without fasteners(precut), so it could be called to modernization, industrialization and popularization. But the structural design and analysis of the structure were not regulated and had the difficulty to consider the variation of wooden member and to conduct the difficulty in the structural analysis and the design of the joint. In this study, the stiffness ratio of wooden mortise and tenon joint was evaluated according to the vertical loading, lintel and loading speed. The joint was distinguished in semi-rigid joint regardless of their factors. The stiffness ratio was 0.40 in vertical loading, 0.50 without vertical loading and 0.44 in horizontal loading with high speed. This study would be utilized to the structural analysis and design with structural analysis and design program.