• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2013

When a patient with a fractured anterior tooth visits the clinic, clinician has to restore the tooth esthetically and quickly. For esthetic resin restoration, clinician can use 'Natural Layering technique' and an index for palatal wall may be needed. In this case report, we introduce pre-restoration index technique on a Class IV defect, in which a temporary filling material is used for easy restoration. Chair-side index fabrication for Class IV restoration is convenient and makes a single-visit treatment possible.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.818-839
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• 1996

The strain gage, holographic and photoelastic analysis etc. have been used for stress analysis of prosthesis, orthodontic or orthopedic appliances and filling materials. But these methods has some limitation in analyzing the internal stress. The Finite Element Analysis has been proved to compensate this defect and widely used in this area. The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distributions of the various temporary filling methods being used in pulpotomy procedure. Three different models were designed according to temporary filling material and method: amalgam filling with ZOE base(Model I), amalgam filling with ZPC sub-base and ZOE(Model II), IRM filling only(Model III). The results of the experiment were as follows: 1. In model I under the load case 6 and 1, the significant stress was shown to be concentrated on the buccal portion of crown. 2. Model II showed the similar pattern of stress distribution to Model I. 3. In model III under load case 2, the stress was mainly distributed on the buccal cusp tip and buccal margin of filling material. In same model under the load case 3, the stress was distributed on the lingual cusp tip. 4. Based on the above data, IRM can be assumed to have advantage over the other tested materials in reducing the incidence of crown fracture by localized the stress within the filling materials.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to measure the polymerization shrinkage and hygroscopic expansion of resin-based temporary filling materials and to evaluate microleakage at the interface between the materials and cavity wall. Five resin-based temporary filing materials were investigated: Fermit (Vivadent), Quicks (Dentkist), Provifil (Promedica), Spacer (Vericom), Clip (Voco). Caviton (GC) was also included for comparison. Polymerization shrinkage of five resin-based temporary filling materials was measured using the bonded disc method. For the measurement of hygroscopic expansion, the discs of six cured temporary filling materials were immersed in saline and a LVDT displacement sensor was used to measure the expansion for 7 days. For estimating of microleakage, Class I cavities were prepared on 120 extracted human molars and randomly assigned to 6 groups of 20 each. The cavities in each group were filled with six temporary filling materials. All specimens were submitted to 1000 thermocycles, with temperature varying from $5^{\circ}C/55^{\circ}C$. Microleakage was determined using a dye penetration test. The results were as follows: 1. Fermit had significantly less polymerization shrinkage than the other resin-based temporary fill ing materials. Fermit (0.22%) < Spacer (0.38%) < Quicks (0.64%), Provifil (0.67%), Clip (0.67%) 2. Resin-based temporary filling materials showed 0.43-1.1% expansion in 7 days. 3. Fermit showed the greatest leakage, while Quicks exhibited the least leakage. 4. There are no correlation between polymerization shrinkage or hygroscopic expansion and microleakage of resin-based temporary filling materials.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.333-337
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• 2011

The purpose of this experiment was to examine possibility of microleakage by water, temperature change, and bite force inside the mouth during the period of using light-activated temporary filling materials. 2 kinds of light-activated temporary filling materials were used in order to measure weight and compressive strength and to evaluate microleakage between filling material and cavity wall according to frequency of thermal circulation. First, Light-activated temporary filling material was increased the weight, which was measured according to the period of using. As for the result of comparing between products, the weight of Quicks was indicated to be higher. Second, Compressive strength of Spacer had significant difference depending on period of using. However, significant difference wasn't shown in the compressive strength of Quicks. In Spacer that showed significant difference, the compressive strength increased greatly in the difference of 3 days. Third. As for micro-leakage according to frequency of thermal circulation, the microleakage was indicated to be the highest in the group that carried out 7,000 times. The group with operation of 1,000 times and the group with operation of 3,000 times were indicated the statistically lower micro-leakage than the group with operation of 7,000 times. This study brought about a rise in micro-leakage depending on the passage in the period of using. However, it is obvious fact that micro-leakage increases according to the passage of time after restoration.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.40-47
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• 2009

The lightweight bubble mixture soil is used for soft ground rear-filling material by applying reduced weight on structure. However, comparing with the general soil, it is not applied in domestic because of initial phase cost of construction. General soil, which has lower initial phase cost is usually used for rear-filling, but the use of overlay method of general soil is reduced as the number of layers increases. Especially box structure placed in soft ground or the overlay method when gap near pier rear-filling can be replaced with temporary alternative method, however, it can't be a solution to gap by generation of extra weight of thickness of overlaying. Therefore, execute LCC analysis of two alternative-the general and the lightweight bubble mixture soils, which are rear-filling material of box structure- and present economical analysis in order to make resonable decision from the economics. As a result, although the lightweight bubble mixture soil takes higher initial phase cost than the general soil, it has been analyzed to procure economical efficiency by having less cost of maintenance.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temporary restorative and filling material on bonding strength between lithium disilicate glass-ceramic and dentin. 60 extracted human molars were cross-sectioned at occlusal third and were embedded into self-cure acrylic resin. Then the teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15 each. Lithium disilicate glass-ceramic is cemented to dentin as follows: after no any application of the provisional materials (Group A), after application of ALIKETM (GC America Inc.)(Group B), after application of Luxatemp$^{(R)}$ Automix plus (DMG, Germany)(Group C), after application of Fermit$^{(R)}$ (Ivoclar Vivadent, Leichtenstein)(Group D). After the specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours, the shear bond strength of the specimens were measured using UTM (Zwick 1456 41, Zwick, Germany) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The data were analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. There were no statistically significant differences of bond strength among the groups. Fracture type was showed mixed type of adhesive and cohesive fracture in most of specimens. Within the limitation of this study, bond strength of adhesive resin cement between lithium disilicate glass-ceramic and dentin was not affected by provisional restorative and filling materials.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.419-424
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was aimed to determine the effects of temporary sealing materials on microtensile bond strength between resin-coated dentin and resin inlay and to compare the bonding effectiveness of delayed dentin sealing and that of immediate dentin sealing. Materials and Methods: The teeth were divided into 4 groups: group 1, specimens were prepared using delayed dentin sealing after temporary sealing with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE); group 2, specimens were prepared using immediate dentin sealing and ZOE sealing; group 3, specimens were prepared using immediate dentin sealing and Dycal (Dentsply) sealing; group 4, specimens were prepared using immediately sealed, and then temporarily sealed with a resin-based temporary sealing material. After removing the temporary sealing material, we applied resin adhesive and light-cured. Then the resin inlays were applied and bonded to the cavity with a resin-based cement. The microtensile bond strength of the sectioned specimens were measured with a micro-tensile tester (Bisco Inc.). Significance between the specimen groups were tested by means of one-way ANOVA and multiple Duncan's test. Results: Group 1 showed the lowest bond strength, and group 4 showed the highest bond strength (p < 0.01). When temporary sealing was performed with ZOE, immediate dentin sealing showed a higher bonding strength than delayed dentin sealing (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Based on these results, immediate dentin sealing is more recommended than delayed dentin sealing in bonding a resin inlay to dentin. Also, resin-based temporary sealing materials have shown the best result.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.39.1-39.8
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• 2019

The present report presents a case of dens invaginatus (DI) in a patient with 4 maxillary incisors. A 24-year-old female complained of swelling of the maxillary left anterior region and discoloration of the maxillary left anterior tooth. The maxillary left lateral incisor (tooth #22) showed pulp necrosis and a chronic apical abscess, and a periapical X-ray demonstrated DI on bilateral maxillary central and lateral incisors. All teeth responded to a vitality test, except tooth #22. The anatomic form of tooth #22 was similar to that of tooth #12, and both teeth had lingual pits. In addition, panoramic and periapical X-rays demonstrated root canal calcification, such as pulp stones, in the maxillary canines, first and second premolars, and the mandibular incisors, canines, and first premolars bilaterally. The patient underwent root canal treatment of tooth #22 and non-vital tooth bleaching. After a temporary filling material was removed, the invaginated mass was removed using ultrasonic tips under an operating microscope. The working length was established, and the root canal was enlarged up to #50 apical size and obturated with gutta-percha and AH 26 sealer using the continuous wave of condensation technique. Finally, non-vital bleaching was performed, and the access cavity was filled with composite resin.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.536-544
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• 2021

In the present study, safe management and value improvement of bamboo sunblind, which is an item of cultural heritage, were performed by adopting stable conservation treatment methods. The bamboo sunblind used in the present study was excavated from No. 1 catchment site in Baesanseongji, Busan. It was determined that the main material used to make the sunblind was bamboo, and herbal plants were used to weave the bamboo using lacquer as an adhesive agent. All contaminants and soil adhered to the sunblind was removed. Thereafter, the sunblind, which was recovered in the form of blocks, was washed separately after fixing it to a temporary plaster frame and to avoid the blocks from breaking during washing. Then, polyethylene glycol (PEG) impregnation was utilized for the reinforcement treatment. Based on the preliminary test results, the shape of the sunblind was fixed using a stainless-steel frame to prevent physical damage that may occur during the drying process. Thereafter, the bamboo sunblind was vacuum freeze-dried. PEG 20% (in ethyl alcohol) was applied as a surface treatment agent for stabilization the sunblind. After the surface treatment, the bamboo sunblind were joined together to fit the maximum width, and the rectangular shape of the sunblind was restored-as best as possible-while filling in the missing parts by maximizing the use of unknown members such as in the disturbed layers below bamboo sunblind surface. The conservation treatment was completed by fixing the bamboo sunblind into the fabricated frame.