• 아시아태평양코퍼스연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

This study investigates the cooccurrence between temporal adverbs and grammatical tenses in Spanish and contrasts temporal specifications across Spanish, English, and Chinese. Based on a monolingual Spanish corpus and a trilingual parallel corpus, the study identified the top ten frequent single-word temporal adverbs collocating with grammatical tenses in Spanish. It also contrasted the cooccurrence of temporal adverbs and verb tenses in three languages. The results show that aun 'still', hoy 'today', and ahora 'now' collocate with the present tense at more than 80%. Ayer 'yesterday' and finalmente 'finally' cooccurring with the simple past tense are at 84% and 69%, respectively. Then, mientras 'meanwhile' collocates with the past imperfect at 55%, the highest of all. Mañana 'tomorrow' cooccurs with the future and present tenses at 34%. Other adverbs, ya 'already', siempre 'always', and nuevamete 'again', do not present a strong cooccurrence tendency with a tense overall. The contrastive analysis of the trilingual parallel corpus shows a comprehensive view of temporal specifications in the three languages. However, no clear one-to-one mapping pattern of the cooccurrence across the three languages can be concluded, which provides helpful insights for second language instruction with natural language data rather than intuition. Future research with larger corpora is needed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to standardized and classify the coordination pattern among the chewing side and non-chewing side masseter and anterior muscles, in terms of EMG values on lateral excursion, clenching, and mastication in presence of the non-chewing side. In this study, 25 subjects were selected for experiment of lateral excursion, clenching and mastication and EMG value of the masseter and anterior temporal muscle on both sides were recored 2 times respectively. The bioelectric processor model EM2(Myo-tonic research, INC. U.S.A.) with the surface electrodes were used to record the EMG activity during all experimental procedures. The results were as follows : 1. During lateral excursion on intereference of non-chewing side, the EMG values of the temporal muscle were significantly more prominent than those of the temporal muscle on the non-chewing side. The EMG values of non-chewing side were significantly more prominent than those of chewing side on the both side masseter muscle and those of chewing side were significantly more prominent than those of non-chewing side on the both side temporal muscle. 2. During clenching on the occlusal interferance, the EMG values of non-chewing side masseter muscle were most prominent. 3. During mastication on the occlusal interferance, the EMG values of the chewing side temporal muscle were most prominent and those of non-chewing side temporal muscle were the lowest. 4. The EMG values of temporal muscle of non-chewing side on interferance were significantly more prominent than those of canine guidance during lateral excursion. 5. During clenching on the occlusal interferance, the EMG values of the masseter and the temporal muscles of the non-chewing side were significantly more prominent than canine guidance, but those of chewing side temporal muscle on canine guidance were significantly more prominent than those of interferance. 6. During mastication on canine guidance, the EMG Values of the temporal muscle on the chewing side, the masseter muscle on the chewing side and the temporal muscle on the non-chewing side were more prominent than those of interferance, but temporal muscle of non-chewing side was not different between canine guidance and occlusal interferance on non-chewing side.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.811-819
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• 2017

이동 객체 정보로 이루어진 디스크립터 및 시간적 히스토그램 기반 움직임 패턴 분석 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이동객체의 검출, 추적 및 분석을 위하여 배경으로부터 이동객체를 분리하는 배경학습을 수행한다. 무게중심의 좌표연관성을 이용하여 객체를 식별한 후 객체별로 추적한다. 시간적 히스토그램은 객체의 무게중심의 위치와 시간 정보를 이용해 움직임 특징 패턴을 정의한 것으로서 시간적 히스토그램으로부터 각 객체의 좌표정보와 비교하여 움직임특징 및 행동정보를 파악한다. 검출된 각 객체의 시작프레임, 종료프레임, 위치 등 행동정보를 연결리스트에 저장하여 관리한다. 저장된 정보들을 바탕으로 디스크립터를 작성하고 비디오 검색 알고리즘을 설계한다. 다양한 객체 이동 비디오에 대한 검색 실험을 통해 기존 방법보다 높은 검색 정확도를 보임을 확인하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2012

This study was conducted to characterize changes in the meal structure of Korean children in terms of temporal and spatial dimensions. The data of 1,891 and 1,627 school-aged children and adolescents extracted respectively from the 1998 and 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed by gender, age group, and residential area. From 1998 to 2009, the total eating events increased from 4.3 to 4.6 (p = 0.001); the average number of meal intake decreased from 2.8 to 2.7 (p < 0.001) while that of snack intake increased from 1.5 to 1.9 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of "3 meals a day" pattern tended to decrease while that of "2 meals a day" pattern increased over the years. Especially, the "2 meals a day" pattern with "lunch + dinner" increased from 13% in 1998 to 20% in 2009. The percentage of eating breakfast or dinner at home decreased over the years. These results indicate that over the last decade, "destructuration" occurred in Korean children's meal structure in terms of temporal and spatial dimensions. Especially, such alteration was more distinctive in male than female and in the high school-aged group than the elementary or middle school-aged groups. Overall, the difference of meal structure between genders and residential areas became smaller while the difference among age groups became larger over the years.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2004

The engine-out flow is highly transient and hot, and may place tremendous thermal and inertial loads on a closed-coupled catalyst. Therefore, time-dependent and detailed flow and thermal field simulation may be crucial. The aim of this study is to develop combined chemical reaction and multi-dimensional fluid dynamic mathematical model and to study the effect of unsteady pulsating thermal and flow characteristics on thermal reliability of closed-coupled catalyst. The effect of cell density on the conversion performance under real running condition is also investigated. Unlike previous studies, the present study focuses on coupling between the problems of pulsating flow pattern and catalyst thermal response and conversion efficiency. The results are expressed in terms of temporal evolution of flow, pollutant and temperature distribution as well as transient characteristics of conversion efficiency. Fundamental understanding of the flow and thermal phenomena of closed-coupled catalyst under real running condition is presented. It is shown that instants of significantly low values of flow uniformity and conversion efficiency exist during exhaust blowdown and the temporal varaition of flow uniformity is very similar in pattern to one of conversion efficiency. It is also found that the location of hot spot in monolith is directly affected by transient flow pattern in closed-coupled catalyst.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.598-614
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the influence of lateral guidance pattern and chewing pattern on masticatory muscle activity and occlusal contact pattern. Twenty-five patients with temporomandibular disorders and thirty students without temporomandibular disorders were selected for this study. Electromyographic examination and occlusal contact examination were performed simultaneously with Bio-Pak System (Bioresearch Inc.,U.S.A.) and T-Scan System(Tekscan Co., USA). The obtained results were as follows : 1. The EMG activity of masseter and anterior temporal muscle in patient group with canine guidance was higher than with non-canine guidance. but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). 2. The EMG activity of anterior temporal muscle in normal group with non-canine guidance was higher at preferred chewing side than at opposite side (p<0.05). 3. The EMG activity of masseter muscle was higher in normal group than in patient group (p<0.05). 4. The number of occlusal contact in patient group with canine guidance was higher than with non-canine guidance, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). 5. The occlusal contact force at preferred chewing side was higher in patient group than in normal group(p<0.05).

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.231-242
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• 2007

패턴 탐사에 관한 기존의 연구들[1,2,3,4,5,6,11,12,13]은 이동 객체의 위치 이력 데이터 집합에 대한 위치 일반화 접근법을 사용하지 않거나 사용해도 특정 공간상의 이동 패턴들 중 단순히 시공간 제약이 없는 빈발 패턴만을 추출하므로, 특정 지점들 간의 최적 이동 경로나 스케줄링 경로와 같은 시공간 제약을 갖는 빈발 패턴 탐사에는 적용하기 어렵다. 또한 패턴 탐사의 수행에 있어 기존의 기법들은 데이터베이스에 대한 반복 접근을 줄이기 위해 메모리 상에 패턴 트리를 생성하여 사용하므로 보다 많은 메모리 공간을 소요하게 된다. 따라서 이러한 기존 탐사 기법들의 문제점들을 해결하기 위한 보다 효율적인 패턴 탐사 기법이 필요한 실정이다. 효율적 탐사 기법을 개발하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 방대한 이동 객체의 이력 데이터 집합에 대한 탐사 수행 시간 및 탐사에 필요한 메모리 공간을 최소화하기 위해서 상세 수준의 데이터들을 의미있는 공간영역 정보로 변환하는 새로운 위치 일반화 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 패턴 탐사의 전처리 과정에서 $R^*$-Tree와 영역 Grid 해쉬 테이블(AGHT:Area Grid Hash Table)을 기반으로 이동 객체의 위치 속성들을 2차원 공간영역으로 일반화하여 이동 시퀀스를 생성함으로써 효율적인 이동 객체의 공간 이동 패턴 마이닝을 유도할 수 있다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2000

The present study explored the influence of temporomandibular disorders(TMD) with anterior open bite on swallowing. Fifteen subjects with anterior open bite(group A), 9 subjects with anterior open bite and TMD(group B), and 24 subjects without malocclusion or TMD symptoms (group C) were included. BioPAK system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, WI, USA) was used to record the muscle activities of anterior temporal, masseter, sternocleidomastoid(SCM) and anterior digastric muscles during maximum clenching and swallowing. Positional change of the mandible during swallowing was also recorded using the same system. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Group A, B, and C did not show significant differences each other in the muscle activity of resting position in most of head and neck muscles. 2. Group B showed significantly lower muscle activity in maximum clenching than group C in anterior temporal(p<0.01), masseter(p<0.05), SCM(p<0.05) and digastric muscles(p<0.05). 3. Group A showed significantly lower muscle activity during swallowing than group C in anterior temporal and masseter muscles(p<0.01). Group B showed significantly lower muscle activity during swallowing than group C in anterior temporal(p<0.01), masseter(p<0.01), and SCM muscles(p<0.05). 4. Group A and B showed increased positional change of the mandible during swallowing measured from vertical, anteroposterior and lateral aspects, and prolonged swallowing(p<0.05). 5. After given instructions for normal swallowing pattern, group A and B showed increased muscle activity during swallowing in anterior temporal, masseter and SCM muscles(p<0.01). Positional change of the mandible and time elapsed for swallowing also decreased after the instruction(p<0.01). 6. Occlusal splint did not change the muscle activity during swallowing. However, vertical change(p<0.01) and swallowing time(p<0.05) were decreased with splint.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.213-226
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to standardize and classify the coordination pattern among the left and right masseter and anterior temporal muscles, in terms of integrated EMG values per stroke during gum chewing in normal subjects. In this study, 20 normal subjects were selected to chew a piece of gum and integrated EMG from middle portion of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles on both sides were recorded 20 times during each of the right and left chewing respectively. And the Bioelectric Processor Model EM2 (Myo-tronies Research, Inc., U.S.A.) with the surface electrodes was used to record the EMG activity during all experimental procedures. The results were as follows; 1. In all subjects, the chewing side masseter muscle was predominantly active among the four muscles examined. 2. The integrated EMG value of the middle of masseter muscle was significantly predominant than those of the anterior temporal muscle (p<0.0001) on the chewing side, but no significant predominant was observed on the nonchewing side (p<0.98). 3. In comparison with same muscles on the chewing and nonchewing side, low correlation coefficient was found between the middle of masseter muscles (R=0.317), but high correlation coefficient was found between the anterior temporal muscles (R=0.738). Between two muscles on the same side, there were significant correlation in the chewing (R=0.557) and nonchewing side (R=0.625). 4. In the coordination patterns among four muscles examined, distinct individual differences were found, but in an identical subject one fixed pattern appeared with significant reproducibility.

• 국토계획
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.54-66
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• 2019

This study analyzed whether a subway accessibility impact on house price is constant since its operation over time or not. The study was approached specifically to answer two research questions. One is "Are there significant temporal variations in the relationship between subway accessibility and housing price transacted after its opening?" The other one is "How the pattern of its temporal variation in housing price is formed as a function of the distance from the nearest station?" The study area is the subway station areas in the Daejeon metropolitan city, South Korea. Its first subway line has started to be opened in 2006 with 12 stations and then opened its additional 10 stations in 2007. It can be more appropriate to observe its impacts of subway accessibility on housing price because it has only one transit line with more than 10-year reaction term to its operation. The study employed alternative models to estimate yearly variation of subway accessibility on house price for the station areas with 500-meter and 1-kilometer radius respectively. While the study originally considered both a hedonic price model with interaction terms of its access distance to yearly transacted housing and a time-variant random coefficient model, the former model was finally selected because it is better fitted. Based on our analysis results, the reaction of house price to its transit line had significant temporal variation over time after opening. In addition, the pattern in its variation from our analysis results indicates that its capitalization impact on house price is over-estimated in its first several years after the opening. In addition, its positive capitalization impact is more effective in the 1000-meter station area than in the 500-meter one.