• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

Today, the views on Temporality of space have been changed not only to be based on the concept of time, but also to identify the space with a body adapted to the new circumstances. The study suggests that the actions of performers in space have been important by changes of views and are connected to the music phenomenology mixed with music whose tempo is the phenomenology related with of human consciousness itself, and derives the temporal property by putting them into Rem Koolhaas space with the fluid quality. According to Clifton's Phenomenology of Music, an understanding of music is made in both human body and consciousness as two ways to listen to sounds and enjoy music. Though a correlation between the characteristics of Clifton's Phenomenology of Music and one of resulted from uncertainty and immateriality of modern space Temporality, we could work out four kinds of characters which are the continuity of the fluidity from temporal programs, contrasting changes or synchronicity, the multidimensionality from synesthesia of line and face, ventilation by quality of the material and immaterial circumstances of sound effects, the implication in events resulted from cognition for information and unexpected actions, and the autonomy of the route of a variety of experiences including intimate connection of inter-related events and temporary and diverse external conditions. Hereby Temporality of musical phenomenology in Rem Koolhaas's space can be experienced by systems base oh the importance of host's motion, changes of programs according to the motion as well as uncertainty and immaterial changes. Due to the changes user's emotion and motion is undergone as Temporality that changes automatically.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.1 s.174
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• pp.25-38
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• 2007

A grid-based urban surface runoff model for simulating the temporal variation and spatial distribution of overland flow in a drainage area was developed. The process of routing of overland flow is modeled by the nonlinear storage equation which is composed of the continuity equation and the Manning's equation. For model operation, the drainage area is divided into grid areas, and spatially distributed topographical and hydrological information for model inputs is provided. Then overland flow is routed for each of the discretized cells of the area. In order to test the applicability of this model, temporal variations and spatial distributions of flow depth and overland flow was simulated in a fictitious and a real urbanized Kunja drainage area. Results indicate that the model can simulate reasonably well the urban runoff hydrograph.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2012

Eugenio D'Ors, the writer of 'Lo Barroco' called Baroque in the 17th century as the ultimate nostalgia of humanity we can see anywhere, and when our exclusive mental state, classic consciousness, is weakened, countless things within self get to be expressed without limitation. He defines this as Baroque ego. In other words, the abyss of a being is expressed within self, and it gets to come into the abyss of art and be settled in it. Thereupon, this study focuses on the characteristics of such effects of abyss expressed in Baroque art to amplify the depth of space in art and architecture and also its productive effects and considers in what types the abyss gets to be expressed in art and architecture. As a result, it shows nonlinear characteristics whose outline of the model and structural body is invisible, depth resulted from overlapping, unity from formal repetition, and temporal continuity from movement. In other words, formative elements which extend the unit area of space conceptually can be summed up by nonlinearity, overlapping, unity, and movement. Also, in art and architecture, this accelerates men's emotional functions and at the same time, has productive effects to extend space visually. Baroque abyss can be seen as a proper solution to overcome problems which modern architecture implies ultimately, that is, the limitations of area definition.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.1857-1862
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• 2016

Human activity recognition using depth information is an emerging and challenging technology in computer vision due to its considerable attention by many practical applications such as smart home/office system, personal health care and 3D video games. This paper presents a novel framework of 3D human body detection, tracking and recognition from depth video sequences using spatiotemporal features and modified HMM. To detect human silhouette, raw depth data is examined to extract human silhouette by considering spatial continuity and constraints of human motion information. While, frame differentiation is used to track human movements. Features extraction mechanism consists of spatial depth shape features and temporal joints features are used to improve classification performance. Both of these features are fused together to recognize different activities using the modified hidden Markov model (M-HMM). The proposed approach is evaluated on two challenging depth video datasets. Moreover, our system has significant abilities to handle subject's body parts rotation and body parts missing which provide major contributions in human activity recognition.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.5 s.52
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• pp.44-51
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• 2005

This study focuses 'Korean characteristics' in architectural interior design. In this study, some Korean characteristics was extracted by analysing traditional Korean spaces and as well as by considering the architectural interior spaces which are designed with Korean character since 1970. This paper started with differenciating the elements and principles that consist of space, and then classified the elements into 8 categories such as Spatial system, Enclosure system, Circulation system, Material system, Furnishing system, Light, Color, Context which are analysing frames. As a conclusion, the concepts of Korean characteristics are extracted and suggested as design concept with Korean characteristics by analysing the contents of each category. These concepts were presented with simple diagrams and supporting cases were also presented in this paper. The design concepts of 'Korean characteristics' are classified in the 25 concepts: Holonic composition, Transitional space, Hierarchy by floor level, Gradation of privacy, Changeability, Various central yards, Space with opened edges, Gray space, Continuity of space, Translucent wall, Folding-lifting wall, Skeleton, Abstract facet, Path as a message, Mild light, Multii-layered vista, Fluidity, framed scenery, Serial view, Interpenetrating Space, Harmony with nature, Organic interrelationship, Complementary Dual Structure, Temporal change of space, Hierarchical order.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2018

This paper describes the effect of different testing parameters (configuration of infrastructure and truck position on road) on truck aerodynamic coefficients under cross wind conditions, by means of a numerical approach known as Large Eddy Simulation (LES). In order to estimate the air flow behaviour around both the infrastructure and the truck, the filtered continuity and momentum equations along with the Smagorinsky-Lilly model were solved. A solution for these non-linear equations was approached through the finite volume method (FVM) and using temporal and spatial discretization schemes. As for the results, the aerodynamic coefficients acting on the truck model exhibited nearly constant values regardless of the Reynolds number. The flat ground is the infrastructure where the rollover coefficient acting on the truck model showed lowest values under cross wind conditions (yaw angle of $90^{\circ}$), while the worst infrastructure studied for vehicle stability was an embankment with downward-slope on the leeward side. The position of the truck on the road and the value of embankment slope angle that minimizes the rollover coefficient were determined by successfully applying the Response Surface Methodology.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1856-1869
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• 2015

This paper addresses the issues of 3D human activity detection, tracking and recognition from RGB-D video sequences using a feature structured framework. During human tracking and activity recognition, initially, dense depth images are captured using depth camera. In order to track human silhouettes, we considered spatial/temporal continuity, constraints of human motion information and compute centroids of each activity based on chain coding mechanism and centroids point extraction. In body skin joints features, we estimate human body skin color to identify human body parts (i.e., head, hands, and feet) likely to extract joint points information. These joints points are further processed as feature extraction process including distance position features and centroid distance features. Lastly, self-organized maps are used to recognize different activities. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is reliable and efficient in recognizing human poses at different realistic scenes. The proposed system should be applicable to different consumer application systems such as healthcare system, video surveillance system and indoor monitoring systems which track and recognize different activities of multiple users.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.554-561
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• 2014

Hybrid wind Diesel stand-alone power systems are considered economically viable and effective to create balance between production and load demand in remote areas where the wind speed is considerable for electric generation, and also, electric energy is not easily available from the grid. In Wind diesel hybrid system, the wind energy system is the main constitute and diesel system forms the back up. This type of hybrid power system saves fuel cost, improves power capacity to meet the increasing demand and maintains the continuity of supply in the system. Problem we face in this system is that even after producing enough power through wind turbine system, considerable portion of this power needs to be dumped due to short term oversupply of power and to maintain the frequency within close tolerances. As a result remaining portion of total energy supplied comes from the diesel generator to overcome the temporal energy shortage. This scenario decreases the overall efficiency of hybrid power system. In this study, efficient Simulink modeling for wind-diesel hybrid system is proposed and some simulations study is carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.487-494
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• 2008

The numerical simulation of point-to-plane discharge of nitrogen at medium pressure has been achieved by a quasi-2d numerical model. In the model, we calculate the distributions of electric charges which are varying as temporal and space and determine the electric field depending on space charge distribution by solving Poisson's equation. The continuity equations are treated numerically by using FCT (Flux-Corrected Transport) Algorithm and FEM (Finite Element Method). The numerical simulation results make us to understand the physical characteristics of nitrogen discharge at 50 torr. The comparison with experimental results[1] shows a good qualitative agreement.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 1992

The high oxidants, which occur the daily maximum concentrations in the afternoon, are transported into the other region via long range transport mechanisms or trapped within the shallow mixing boundary layer and then removed physically (deposition, transport by mountain wind, etc.) and chemically (reaction with local sources). Therefore, modeling formation of photochemical oxidants requires a complex description of both chemical and meteorolog ital processecs . In this study, as a part of air quality studies, we reviewed various aspects of photochemical modeling on the basis of currently available literature. The result of the review shows that the model is based on a set of coupled continuity equations describing advection, diffusion, transport, deposition, chemistry, emission. Also photochemical oxidant models require a large amount of input data concerned with all aspects of the ozone life cycle. First, emission inventories of hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides, with appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. Second, chemical and photochemical data allowing the quantitative description of the formation of ozone and other photochemically-generated secondary pollutants. Third, dry deposition mechanisms particularly for ozone, PAN and hydrogen peroxide to account for their removal by absorption on the ground, crops, natural vegetation, man-made and water surfaces. Finally, meteorological data describing the transport of primary pollutants away from their sources and of secondary pollutants towards the sensitive receptors where environmental damage may occur. In order to improve our present study, shortcomings and limitation of existing models are pointed out and verification Process through observation is emphasized.