• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.1 s.176
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• pp.95-102
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• 2006

To properly interpret and define climatic warming trends of the last $100\~150$ years.; climatic changes over the past several centuries must be constrained. High resolution surface air temperatures (SATs) to reconstruct global temperature trends extend back only to the late of 19th century. Fortunately, on long time scale and over large areas, ground surface temperatures (GSTs) track SATs. GST changes penetrate into the subsurface and are recorded as transient temperature perturbation. Therefore, borehole temperatures can be used to recover climate change over the last millennium in an area; paleoclimate change inferred from borehole temperatures can be used to interpret global warming over the last century, little ice age, and medieval warm period.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.14-27
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• 2016

Theoretical reviews of integrated gasification combined cycle one of the clean coal technologies and trends in the study and technology development for high temperature desulfurization sorbents were investigated. Reactivity, durability and abrasion resistance is an important key for development of high temperature desulfurization sorbents, the kind of things include calcium, zinc, manganese, iron and copper-based sorbents. Current status of high temperature desulfurization sorbents, manufacturing techniques of zinc-based sorbent in advanced countries has commercialized. In case of Korea, various research studies are underway to commercialize the Zn and non Zn-based high temperature desulfurization sorbents to cheaper and superior capability using various supports.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2010

One of the most obvious climatic manifestations of urbanization in Korea is a trend towards higher air temperature. The trends of long-term annual temperature generally well describe the warming of urban areas. The increase of air temperature in urban area has been observed to the present since the meteorological observations in Korea began. The objective of this study is to explore the actual increase and the regional long-term trends of air temperature attributed to urbanization in the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, temperatures of the selected urban areas were compared with that of the surrounding rural areas, with the results varying by the application of the estimates of each region. The second objective is to separate the long-term trend of surface air temperature of global warming from urbanization and to find the actual temperature increase from urbanization in Korean peninsula. For the data analysis, daily air temperatures observed by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) during between from 1961 and 2005 were used at five rural sites and cities. The re-analyzed surface air temperatures by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) was also carried out to compare the result from the observed air temperature in the Korean climate domain. In this study, the urban areas in Korea showed high increase rate of air temperature with $0.4^{\circ}C$ per decade during past 50 year period, while rural sites as Chupungryung with the $0.2^{\circ}C$ decadal increase rate. The analyses reflect that the urban area shows the high rate of temperature increase with $1.39^{\circ}C$ of regression value at the urban area, Seoul, and $0.43^{\circ}C$ at the rural site, Chupungnyeong during the period of 30 years. The temperature increas due to the urbanization only showed the increase range between $0.44^{\circ}C$ and $0.86^{\circ}C$, and the observed decrease in diurnal temperature range at five urban areas during the 30 years period.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08b
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• pp.1767-1770
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• 2007

The key development issues in the flexible displays are TFT backplane technology for their various applications, which requires competitive device performance as well as its low temperature process. In this paper, with shortly reviewing recent flexible display development status, we describe technical trends of low-temperature a-Si TFTs. Our TFTs show good device characteristics enough to apply LCD and electrophoretic display.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.624-632
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• 2003

In the gasoline engine industry. there has been a trend towards the development of high performance engines with improved fuel efficiency, reduced weight and smaller sizes. These trends help to solved engine problems related to thermal load and abnormal combustion. In order to investigate these Problems, a thin film-type probe for instantaneously measuring temperatures has been suggested. A method for manufacturing such a probe was established in this study. The instantaneous surface temperature of a constant volume combustion chamber was measured by this probe and the heat flux was obtained through Fourier analysis. A peak instantaneous temperature was obtained after 55∼60 ms from ignition and the temperature increased according to an equivalence ratio and varied differently according to the position of the probe. Total heat loss during combustion period was affected by the equivalence ratio and differed widely in accordance to the position of the probe.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.288-292
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• 1963

The rates of reaction of various Korean anthracites with carbon dioxide were measured at temperatures ranging from $850^{\circ}C$ to $1100^{\circ}C$ with coal -6, +8 sieve size and the residence time of reactant gas in the fixed coal bed 14.0 to 15.0 seconds. The primary variables studied were the coal sources and temperature. The reactivity was considerably varies with the coal sources and the general trends show that the reactivity sharply increases with increasing reaction temperature except the Yongwol coal where the increase is not so sharp, which is considered to be due to high reactivity and high-pore structure of the coal. It was also found that a straight line was produced when a logarithm of the rate constant is plotted against the reciprocal of the absolute temperature up to 1000^${\circ}C$, but above that temperature it deviates from linearity. The information obtained will be of value in the design of the coal gasifier using Korean anthracites.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.149-152
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• 2009

Recent trends show an increased usage of 'colored concrete', a inorganic pigmented concrete mix, especially in smalll to large scale buildings. However, due to lack of varieties, current usage of colored concrete is limited to the one or two simple color of the time in construction work. so, this study is to investigate the properties of concrete adding temperature reactive pigment. The results of the experiment, the basic material characteristics of concrete such as of compressive strength and slump is affected by the amount rate of adding the temperature reactive pigment. And, it showed the excellent color expression and changing with temperature reactive pigment.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

Recently, as flexible electronic device-related technologies have received worldwide attention, the development of wiring and bonding technologies using liquid metals is required in order to improve problems such as formability in the manufacturing process of flexible devices and performance and durability in the bending state. In response to these needs, various studies are being conducted to use gallium and gallium-based alloys (eutectic Ga-In and eutectic Ga-In-Sn, etc.) liquid metals, with low viscosity and excellent electrical conductivity without toxicity, as low-temperature bonding materials. In this paper, the latest research trends of low-temperature bonding technology using gallium and gallium-based alloys are summarized and introduced. These technologies are expected to become important base technologies for practical use in the fields of manufacturing flexible electronic devices and low-temperature bonding in microelectronic packages in the future.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.80-88
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• 2015

In the case of those types of work that are performed outdoor construction work, many non-working days occur due to climatic elements such as low temperature, rainfall, and high wind velocity. In particular, damage incurred construction delays hardly decreases because weather forecasting has become difficult due to global warming. In the present study, time points of drastic changes in annual average temperatures, annual average maximum temperatures, and annual average minimum temperatures were identified through BCP analysis and increasing/decreasing trends of non-working days in summer and winter were compared and analyzed on the basis of the change points. According to the results of the study, annual average temperatures drastically changed in 1988 and 1998. After the two time points, non-working days in summer and winter clearly showed increasing trends and decreasing trends respectively.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2020

The rapid development of technologies in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has led to their use in various areas. UAVs are mainly used for commercial purposes, but their utilization is increasingly important in other areas because their operation cost is less than satellites and aerial imaging. The utilization of UAVs in the environment/ecology area is relatively new. Therefore, identifying the trends of UAV-related spatial information is significant in basic research for UAV utilization. This study quantitatively identified domestic and international research trends related to UAV utilization and analyzed research areas. An attempt was also made to identify upcoming UAV-related topics in the environment/ecology research field using text mining to analyze the bibliographic information of global research literature. Domestic UAV-related studies were classified into seven clusters where basic research on "UAV technology/industry trends" was abundant, and studies on data collection and analysis through UAV remote sensing technology have increased since 2015. Eight clusters were identified for international studies where the most active research area international was "remote sensing technology/data analysis". In addition, Canopy, Classification, Forest, Leaf Area Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Temperature, Tree, and Atmosphere appeared as the main keywords related to environment and ecology. The appearance frequencies and association strengths were high because the advancement in UAV optical sensor technology and the rapid development of image processing technology enabled the acquisition of data that could not be obtained from existing spatial information. They are recognized as future research topics as related domestic studies have begun corresponding to international research.