• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.152-157
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• 2004

Gluten was extracted from domestic wheat flour using UTH buffer (4 M urea in 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.6) and validated by SDS-PAGE analysis for production of wheat flour products with reduced gluten content.. Anti-gluten polyclonal antibody was made by administering extracted gluten fraction on animal model. Anti-gluten serum titer of extracted gluten fraction was evaluated by ELISA, and that of antibody titer according to administration period. Anti-gluten sera were used for ELISA and immunoblot analysis before and after hydrolysis of gluten fraction at optimal pH and temperature condition for each protease. Gluten fraction separated by SDS-PAGE showed several bands covering 75 to 10 kDa, in which anti-gluten sera were 25, 34, and 45 kDa. Enzyme hydrolysis of gluten fraction revealed protein band sizes to be lower than 15 kDa. Content of pretense from bovine pancreas (b.p. protease) for gluten hydrolysis was estimated as 1 mg in 10 mL gluten fraction extracted for 4 hr.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.112-117
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• 2002

This study was conducted to induce the optimal composting conditions of pig manure mixed with sawdust and dried paper-mill sludge in the composting for production of high quality compost. Pig manure contains high water content and How C/N ratio because of comparatively high nitrogen content than sawdust and dried paper-mill sludge. Therefore the addition of dried paper-mill sludge and sawdust to the raw materials helps controlling the C/N and the water content of compost pile. The composting system used in the experiment was agitated static bed system. The physical properties of the mixed raw materials was not good at the working conditions in the early stage of composting. The temperature of compost heap reaches at $60^{\circ}C$within 5 day after starting composting in P-2 treatment mixed with pig manure and sawdust(56.6 : 43.4). Then the water content of P-2 was 58%. The pH in all treatments were slowly decreased as the composting was proceeded. Although the changes of T-C and T-N were not extended because of the short composting experiment period. Reduction rates of T-C in treatments were 5-12% without special difference. By considering the efficiency of composting in each of five treatments with pig manure the optimal water contents was about 57% level. Mixing a sawdust as a bulking agent was more positive than dried paper-mill sludge from a viewpoint of compost quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation and addition of cell wall degrading enzymes on the fermentation characteristics and chemical compositions of Italian ryegrass silage. An inoculant LAB with or without a cell wall degrading enzyme of Acremoniumcellulase (A), or Meicellulase (M) or a mixture of both (AM), was applied to 1 kg of fresh Italian ryegrass sample. The treatments were control untreated, LAB-treated (application rate $10^5$ cfu/g fresh sample), LAB+A 0.005%, LAB + A 0.01%, LAB+A 0.02%, LAB + M 0.005%, LAB + M 0.01%, LAB + M 0.02%, LAB+AM 0.005%, LAB + AM 0.01% and LAB+AM 0.02%. The sample was ensiled into 2-L vinyl bottle silo, with 9 silages of each treatment were made (a total of 99 silages). Three silages of each treatment were incubated at 20, 30 and $40{^{\circ}C}$ for an approximately 2-months storage period. All silages were well preserved as evidenced by their low pH values (3.79-4.20) and high lactic acid concentrations (7.71-11.34% DM). The fermentation quality and chemical composition of the control untreated and the LAB-treated silages were similar, except that for volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content was lower (p < 0.05) in the LAB-treated silages. LAB + cellulase treatments improved the fermentation quality of silages by decreasing (p < 0.01) pH values and increasing (p<0.01) lactic acid concentrations, in all of cellulase types and incubation temperatures. Increasing amount of cellulase addition resulted in further decrease (p < 0.01) of pH value and increases (p < 0.01) of lactic acid and residual water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations. LAB + cellulase treatments reduced (p<0.01) NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose contents of silages compared with both the control untreated and LAB-treated silages. LAB + cellulase treatments did not affect the silage digestibility due to fact of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was similar in all silages. The silages treated with cellulase A resulted in a better fermentation quality and a higher rate of cell wall reduction losses than those of the silages treated with cellulases M and AM. Incubation temperature of $30{^{\circ}C}$ seemed to be more suitable for the fermentation of Italian ryegrass silages than those of 20 and $40{^{\circ}C}$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 2012

Phenolic compounds of $17.9{\pm}1.0mg/g$ were extracted from Ulmus pumila with 70% ethanol. The elastase inhibitory activity related with forming wrinkle was shown an excellent wrinkle improvement effect in 70% ethanol extracts as 55.5-69.5% at phenolic concentration of $50-200{\mu}g/mL$. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity related with skin-whitening was 24% in 70% ethanol extracts at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$. The astringent activity of 70% ethanol extracts was shown activity of 71% at phenolic concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$ therefore it is judged that there is a high effect on pores reduction of the skin. The hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of U. pumila extracts was confirmed anti-inflammation effect of 80% at phenolic concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. Antimicrobial activity of U. pumila water extracts was shown each 8.7, 10.0, 11.1 and 11.8 mm clear zones on Propionebacterium acnes at phenolic concentration of $50-200{\mu}g/mL$. The stability of the multi-functional cosmetic (lotion) added U. pumila extracts was very stable for 28 days without changing of pH and viscosity also it's stable on temperature and sun lights. As the concentration of extracts was increased, the color of lotion was getting dark, but the sensory evaluation was high at score of 8.5.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.577-586
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fermented earthworm cast feed prepared with three complexed probiotics containing Bacillus subtilis separated from the earthworm casts, on egg production, egg quality and odor removal from poultry house. A total of 240 laying hens were divided into 4 treatments and completely randomized. Experimental groups were divided into control, 0.3 to 0.5% (fermented earthworm cast feed FECF3, FECF5) and 0.2% commercial probiotics (CP). The egg production rate was significantly higher in the FECF groups compared to the control group fed the normal feed, but there was no difference in the CP group. Haugh units, egg shell thickness, breaking strength, egg yolk index and albumen height were increased in FECF groups compared to control but not in CP group. The n-3 content of eggs was higher in the FECF groups than in the control group, while the n-6/n-3 ratio was lower and there was no difference from the CP group. Ammonia production was lower in the CP and FECF groups compared to the control group after 5 days storage at room temperature to poultry feces.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2008

The reductive stripping of Np using a n-butyraldehyde (NBA) from loaded organic solution containing Np, which was oxidative-extracted in a system of a 30 % TBP/NDD-2M $HNO_3$ and O/A=2 containing 0.005 M $K_2Cr_2O_7$ as an oxidant of Np, was studied. The stripping yields of Np was increased with an increasing the NBA concentration, with a decreasing the nitric acid concentration of stripping solution and with a decreasing the reaction temperature. The apparent reductive stripping rate equation was shown by the following equation : $-d[Np]_{Org.}/dt$ = 1,524 exp(-2,906/T) $[NBA]^{0.91}\;[H^+]^{-0.92}[Np]_{Org.}$. At 1.04 M NBA and 2 M $NHO_3$, the stripping yield of Np and U was 70.1 %, and 7.1 %, respectively, and the separation factor of U over Np ($=D_U/D_{Mp}$) was about 30.4. Therefore, it was found that U and Np co-extracted in a system of TBP-$HNO_3$ could be effectively mutual-separated by the NBA.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.324-329
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• 1999

Barley malts were prepared at 15, 18 and $21^{\circ}C$ for $3{\sim}6$ days, and assayed for ${\beta}-glucanase$, ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\beta}-amylase$ activities. ${\beta}-Glucanase$ activity increased markedly during earley germination and reached maximum at the 6th day of germination. ${\beta}-Glucanase$ activity in six-rowed barley malt was much higher than that in two-rowed malt. ${\beta}-Glucanase$ activity was associated with reduction in ${\beta}-glucan$ content during germination. ${\beta}-amylase$ activity was also considerably higher in two-rowed barley, and increased continuously during 6-day germination. ${\beta}-Amylase$ activity was the lowest at $15^{\circ}C$, the highest at $18^{\circ}C$, and intermediate at $21^{\circ}C$ of germination temperature. Considerable amount of ${\beta}-amylase$ was detected in ungerminated raw barley, and this enzymatic activity tended to increase during 6-day germination. Diastatic power, measure of starch-saccharifying enzyme, in six-rowed malt was $1.4{\sim}1.6$ fold higher than in two-rowed malt. Germination at $18^{\circ}C$ for $5{\sim}6$ days was suggested to be the optimum condition for manufacturing good quality malts, in terms of enhanced starch-degrading enzymatic activity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.258-266
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• 2011

Scale induced by hardness materials in water must be controled because of it can be result in remarkable damages of pipeline as well as water quality deterioration. Especially hot water system is one of scale management required facility as scale formation can be accelerated by temperature. The scale control performance of frequency driver (FD) was tested instead of existing methods such as chemical, physical and electromagnetic methods which needs chemicals and electric power. Three kinds of pipe coupons were submerged in test water with 500 mg/L of hardness for 33 days and XRD and SEM were analysed for comparing scale formation characteristics of these coupons. Calcite ($CaCO_3$) which came from hardness of water was formed on only cast iron pipe coupon and this coupon showed higher corrosion rate than copper and stainless steel pipe coupon. Hot water circulating system connected cast iron pipe with and without FD was operated with 300 mg/L of hardness water at $50^{\circ}C$ for monitoring of scale formation and water quality with and without FD. XRD showed that FD leaded to magnetite ($Fe_3O_4$) scale which is good scale for preventing corrosion than calcite and SEM image also indicated the scale control effect of FD. Scales of 16% on pipe joint, 14% on pipe length, and 42% on heat exchanger decreased with FD comparing scales of those parts without FD. From the results of water quality, FD reduced crystallization of hardness material without chemical reaction in water and it can indicate that FD is safe and proenvironmental technology for scale reduction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.587-592
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• 2010

A numerical analysis of reactive flow in a MILD(Moderate and Intense Low oxygen Dilution) combustor is accomplished to elucidate the characteristics of combustion phenomena in the furnace with the variation of air fuel ratio. For the smaller magnitude of air injection velocity(10 m/s), the air flow could not penetrate toward upper part of furnace. On the other hand, the air flow suppresses the fuel flow for the case of air injection velocity 30 m/s. The air velocity 18 m/s is corresponding to the stoichiometric air flow velocity, and for that case, the air flows to relatively more upper part of the furnace when compared with the case of air injection velocity 10 m/s. The reaction zone is produced with the previous flow pattern, so that the reaction zone of the air injection velocity 10 m/s is biased to the air nozzle side and for the case of air injection velocity 30 m/s, the reaction zone is inclined to the fuel nozzle side. For the cases with the air injection velocities 16, 18, 20 m/s, the reaction zone is nearly located at the center between air nozzle and fuel nozzle. The maximum temperatures and NOx concentrations for the cases of air injection velocity 16, 18, 20 m/s are lower than the cases with air injection velocity 10, 30 m/s. From the present study, the stoichiometric air fuel ratio is considered as the most optimal operating condition for the NOx reduction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.144-149
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• 2016

The metal-impregnated activated carbon was produced from bamboo activated carbon by soaking method of metal nitrate solution. The carbonization and activation of raw material was conducted at $900^{\circ}C$. The specific surface area and pore size distribution of the prepared activated carbons were measured. Also, NO and activated carbon reaction were conducted in a thermogravimetric analyzer in order to use as de-NOx agents of used activated carbon. Carbon-NO reactions were carried out with respect to reaction temperature ($20^{\circ}C{\sim}850^{\circ}C$) and NO gas partial pressure (0.1 kPa~1.8 kPa). As results, the specific volume and surface area of bamboo activated carbon impregnated with copper were decreased with increasing Cu amounts of activated carbon. In NO reaction, the reaction rate of Cu impregnated bamboo activated carbon[BA(Cu)] was promoted to compare with that of bamboo activated carbon[BA]. But the reaction rate of Ag impregnated bamboo activated carbon[BA(Ag)] was retarded. Measured reaction orders of NO concentration and activation energy were 0.63[BA], 0.92[BA(Cu)], and 80.5 kJ/mol[BA], 48.5 kJ/mol[BA(Cu)], 66.4 kJ/mol[BA(Ag)], respectively.