• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.1109-1112
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• 2017

The precise prediction of radiation embrittlement of aged reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) is a prerequisite for the long-term operation of nuclear power plants beyond their original design life. The expiration of the operation licenses for Korean reactors the RPVs of which are made from SA533B-1 plates and welds is imminent. Korean regulatory rules have adopted the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission's transition temperature shift (TTS) models to the prediction of the embrittlement of Korean reactor pressure vessels. The applicability of the TTS model to predict the embrittlement of Korean RPVs made of SA533B-1 plates and welds was investigated in this study. It was concluded that the TTS model of 10 CFR 50.61a matched the trends of the radiation embrittlement in the SA533B-1 plates and welds better than did that of Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.99 Rev. 2. This is attributed to the fact that the prediction performance of 10 CFR 50.61a was enhanced by considering the difference in radiation embrittlement sensitivity among the different types of RPV materials.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

The temperature of underground water generally remains constant regardless of the season. therefore, it is possible to get plenty of energy if we use characteristics of underground water for both cooling and heating. This study evaluates efficiency of real size coaxial and U-tube type complex geothermal system which is combined with underground water well. This study also evaluates relative efficiency/adaptability through comparison with existing geothermal systems(vertical closed loop system, open loop system(SCW)). The heat exchange capacity of complex geothermal system according to temperature difference between circulating water and underground water shows very high significance by increasing proportionally. The temperature change of underground water according to injection energy, shows very high linear growth aspect as injection thermal volume heightens. As a result of evaluation of heat exchange volume between complex geothermal system and comparative geothermal system, coaxial type has 26.1 times greater efficiency than comparative vertical closed type and 2.8 times greater efficiency than SCW type. U-tube type has 26.5 tims greater efficiency than comparative vertical closed type and 2.8 times greater than SCW type as well. This means complex geothermal system has extremely outstanding performance.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2023

Two types of accelerated tests, Water Drop Test (WDT) and Temperature-Humidity-Bias Test (THBT), can be used to evaluate the susceptibility to electrochemical migration (ECM). In the WDT, liquid water is directly applied to a specimen, typically a patterned conductor like a printed circuit board. Time to failure in the WDT typically ranges from several seconds to several minutes. On the other hand, the THBT is conducted under elevated temperature and humidity conditions, allowing for assessment of design and life cycle factors on ECM. THBT is widely recognized as a more suitable method for reliability testing than WDT. In both test methods, localized corrosion can be observed on the anode. Composition of dendrites formed during the WDT is similar to that formed during THBT. However, there is a lack of correlation between the time to failure obtained from WDT and that obtained from THBT. In this study, we investigated the relationship between electrochemical parameters and time to failure obtained from both WDT and THBT. Differences in time to failure can be attributed to actual anode potential obtained in the two tests.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.402-412
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• 1995

본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 유압 펌프, 유량조절 밸브(오리피스)등을 주된 구성 요소로 하는 구조가 간단하고, 운전.관리가 용이한 유압식 풍력.열 변환 장치를 개발하였다. (2) 실험 결과로부터 본 장치의 에너지 변환 효율이 매우 높음을 확인하였다. (3) 출력 에너지가 열 에너지이므로 온수 탱크를 사용하여 쉽게 에너지를 저장할 수 있음을 실험적으로 확인하였다. (4) 본 장치는 대량 생산되는 유압 부품들만을 사용하여 구성이 가능하므로 매우 저렴한 가격으로, 신뢰성이 우수한 장치를 제작할 수 있다

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.720-726
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• 2019

Recently, research on cost reduction and efficiency improvement of crystalline silicon(c-Si) photovoltaic(PV) module has been conducted. In order to reduce costs, the thickness of solar cell wafers is becoming thinner. If the thickness of the wafer is reduced, cracking of wafer may occur in high temperature processes during the c-Si PV module manufacturing process. To solve this problem, a low temperature process has been proposed. Conductive paste(CP) is used for low temperature processing; it contains Sn57.6Bi0.4Ag component and can be electrically combined with solar cells and ribbons at a melting point of $150^{\circ}C$. Use of CP in the PV module manufacturing process can minimize cracks of solar cells. When CP is applied to solar cells, the output varies with the amount of CP, and so the optimum amount of CP must be found. In this paper, in order to find the optimal CP application amount, we manufactured several c-Si PV modules with different CP amounts. The amount control of CP is fixed at air pressure (500 kPa) and nozzle diameter 22G(outer diameter 0.72Ø, inner 0.42Ø) of dispenser; only speed is controlled. The c-Si PV module output is measured to analyze the difference according to the amount of CP and analyzed by optical microscope and Alpha-step. As the result, the optimum amount of CP is 0.452 ~ 0.544 g on solar cells.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2014

본 논문은 선풍기 모터의 회전을 정상 및 고정상태로 구분하여 주권선에서의 전압 및 전류, 모터 전체의 온도특성을 분석하여 전기화재 위험성을 제시하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 전압과 전류 신호에 대하여, 전압의 경우 정상상태와 고정상태에 대하여 큰 차이점은 없었으며, 전류의 경우는 비정상상태(최대 203 mA)보다 정상상태(최대 309 mA)가 상당히 높았다. 온도신호의 경우, 모터 전반에 있어서 온도 분포도가 다르게 나타났으며, 정상상태의 경우는 $4^{\circ}C$, 고정상태는 $18^{\circ}C$ 차를 보였다. 특히 대부분의 선풍기의 전기배선이 모터의 고정자철심에 부착되어 있었으며 해당전선의 허용온도가 $60^{\circ}C$를 감안했을 때에 절연열화가 가속될 수 있다. 또한 본 데이터는 선풍기 안전장치개발의 기초자료나 전기화재에 대한 조사 자료로 활용할 수 있다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2016

본 논문은 단열층을 가지는 솔라폰드의 온도특성을 알아보기 위한 기초 연구이다. 또한, 기존의 단열층을 가지지 않는 경우의 솔라폰드의 온도특성과 비교하였다. 수치해석법은 유한차분법(Finite-Difference Method)를 이용하였으며, 2차원 비정상의 상태를 가정하여 계산하였다. 수치해석을 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 솔라 폰드의 깊이가 깊어지면 폰드의 하부까지 도달하는 일사량이 줄어들기 때문에 온도 상승 효과는 발생하지 않는 것을 확인했다. 2) 동절기에는 토양의 온도가 솔라 폰드 내 물의 온도보다 상대적으로 높아 토양에서 폰드 내로 열이 전달되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 3) 단열층을 가지는 솔라폰드의 경우, 태양의 의존율은 83.3%, 보일러의 의존율은 16.7%로 자연에너지의 의존도가 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2021

Thermal environment of city is getting worse due to severe urban heat island caused by climate change and urbanization. Green roof improves the urban thermal environment and save the cooling energy in buildings. This study presented a green roof combined with a storage system that stores rain-water and supplies water through a wick and evaluated the temperature reduction effect as surface temperature and amount of evapotranspiration. For about a week, the surface temperature using a infrared thermal imager and the evapotranspiration by recording change of module weight were measured at intervals of 30 minutes from sunrise to sunset. The results show that the mean surface temperature of the green roof was 15.4 degrees lower than that of the non-green roof from 12:00 P.M. to 14:00 P.M. There was no significant difference between mean surface temperature of green roof with and without storage system immediately after rain, but more than a week after rain, there was a difference with average of 2.49 degrees and maximum of 4.72 degrees. The difference in daily amount of evapotranspiration was measured to be 1.66 times on average. As drought stress increased over time, the difference in daily amount of evapotranspiration and surface temperature between with/without storage system increased simultaneously. The results of the study show a more excellent cooling effect of green roof combined with the rainwater storage system.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.433-439
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• 2015

CCTV용 함체 내부는 일정한 습도와 온도를 유지시켜 습윤에 의한 단락방지, 온도차에 의한 결로방지, 고온방지 등의 항온항습장치가 요구되며 이를 대응한 함체에 최적화된 형태와 구조, 에너지활용 정도의 항온항습 자동제어장치개발이 필요하다. 함체내부에 있는 고가의 영상장비를 온도 변환에 따른 해저드로부터 장치보호, 단락사고를 예방할 수 있는 항온항습 제어장치가 필요하다. 이는 영상기록 및 현장상황에 신뢰성 있는 영상의 저장 및 전송을 위한 부속장치가 절대적으로 요구되는 시스템이다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2019

Experimental isotherm compressive tests show that concrete behaviour is dependent on temperature. The aim of such tests is to reproduce how concrete will behave under environmental changes within a moderate range of temperature. In this paper, a novel constitutive elastic damage behaviour law is proposed based on a free energy with an apparent damage depending on temperature. The proposed constitutive behaviour leads to classical theory of thermo-elasticity at small strains. Fixed elastic mechanical characteristics and fixed evolution law of damage independent of temperature and the material volume element size are considered. This approach is applied to compressive tests. The model predicts compressive strength and secant modulus of elasticity decrease as temperature increases. A power scaling law is assumed for specific entropy as function of the specimen size which leads to a volume size effect on the stress-strain compressive behaviour. The proposed model reproduces theoretical and experimental results from literature for tempertaures ranging between $20^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$. The effect of the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the mortar and coarse aggregates is also considered which gives a better agreement with FIB recommendations. It is shown that this effect is of a second order in the considered moderate range of temperature.