• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2017

농업에서 부식산은 양이온치환능력이 높아 토양의 완충능력이나 보비력을 개선하는 토양개량제나 기능성비료로 이용되어 왔다. 본 연구는 퇴비화에서 부식산의 이용가능성을 평가하기 위하여, 가축분퇴비 원료에 부식산분말을 처리 후 퇴비화 특성변화와 퇴비의 시비에 따른 상추의 생육효과를 조사하였다. 처리구는 대조구, 부식산분말 0.1% 처리구(0.1% HA), 부식산분말 0.5% 처리구(0.5% HA), 부식산분말 1.0% 처리구(1.0% HA), 부식산분말 3.0% 처리구(3.0% HA),부식산분말 5.0% 처리구(5.0% HA)로 설정하였다. 부식산분말 처리 후 온도, 수분 함량, 유기물 함량, 질소 함량 및 유기물대 질소비는 처리구별 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 퇴비원료 배합 후 3% HA 처리구와 5.0% HA 처리구의 pH는 다른 처리구보다 낮았으나 퇴비화동안에는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 부식산분말 처리 퇴비의 부식산 함량은 대조구보다 1.7~4.4배 더 높았고, 악취지수는 3.0% HA 처리구와 5.0% HA 처리구에서 감소하였다. 부식산분말 처리 퇴비 처리구 중 3.0% HA 처리구에서 상추의 건물중은 대조구보다 약 7% 증가하였다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2017

한국인이 가장 좋아하는 음식인 김치의 소비가 증가하면서 김치공장부산물(KWF)도 증가하였다. 본 연구는 KWF를 처리한 아주까리유박의 퇴비화에서 이화학적 특성의 변화와 시비에 따른 상추의 생육을 평가하였다. 처리구는 아주까리유박(60%)과 톱밥(40%)을 혼합한 대조구, KWF 35% 처리구(K-1), KWF 50% 처리구(K-2) 및 KWF 65% 처리구(K-3)로 설정하였다. KWF처리 후 pH, 유기물 및 미생물상은 처리구별 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 대조구와 비교할 때, KWF처리구의 질소함량은 증가하였고, 유기물대 질소비는 감소하였다. 퇴비화 종료 후 KWF처리구는 비료공정규격에 적합하였으나 K-3의 염분은 1.91%로 다른 처리구들 보다 높았다. K-1처리구와 K-3처리구에서 상추의 생물중과 건물중은 대조구와 비슷하였다. 이러한 결과들은 김치공장 부산물이 퇴비원료로 사용이 가능하지만 작물에 안전한 아주까리유박퇴비의 생산을 위해서는 35% 이하로 사용하는 것이 적절함을 나타내었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 2006

침지형 막/생물반응기에 암모니움 합성폐수를 공급하여 약 350일 동안 운전하면서 질산화 특성 및 미생물의 분포 변화를 살펴보았다. 원수의 암모니움 농도는 500-1000 $mgNH_4-N/L$, 질소 부하는 $1-2\;kgN/m^3{\cdot}d$로 공급하였고, 용존산소(DO)농도, 슬러지 체류시간(SRT), 온도 변화에 따른 질산화 효율, 아질산성 질소의 비율, 슬러지 농도, sludge volume index(SVI)변화를 모니터링 하였다. DO 농도, 온도, SRT 증가에 따라 암모니움 산화율은 증가하였으며, 이와 같은 암모니움 산화율의 감소로 MBR 내에서 free ammonia($NH_3-N$)농도가 증가할 경우 처리수에서 아질산성 질소의 비율이 높아졌다. 운전 기간 중 원인이 뚜렷하지 않은 질산화 효율의 급격한 감소가 관찰되었는데, 이때 슬러지 벌킹 및 SVI 값의 증가가 동시에 수반되었다. 운전 후반부에 질산화균이 우점된 MBR에 추가로 유기물을 공급하면, SVI 값이 2배로 증가하였고 암모니움 산화율은 감소하였다. FISH 분석에서 나타난 MBR내의 미생물 분포는 암모니아 산화균의 경우 Nitrosomonas가 우점하였으나 운전 후반부로 갈수록 Nitrosospira의 비율이 Nitrosomonas와 비슷할 정도로 증가하였다. 아질산 산화균은 Nitrospira가 우점하였지만 Nitrobacter 역시 운전기간 내내 관찰되었는데, 이는 MBR 내에서 높게 유지된 아질산성 질소가 Nitrobacter의 성장에 도움을 준 것으로 보인다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2006

비우식성 당 NCS(Fuc($1{\to}4$)galNAc($2{\to}6$)NeuAc)를 생산하는 미생물을 동정하고 이 미생물이 생산하는 비우식성 당의 생산조건을 최적화하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. NCS를 생산하는 균주는 형태학적, 생화학적, 화학분류학적 특성 및 16S-rRNA 염기서열 결정을 통하여 Bacillus sp. S-1013로 동정되었다. 또한, 이 균주에 의한 NCS의 최적 배지조성은 soluble starch 3.0%, dextrin 1.5%, yeast extract 0.5%, pepton 1.0%, $K_{2}HPO_4$ 0.2%였으며, 최적온도 및 pH는 각각 25와 11.0이였다. 최적배지에서 NCS 및 균체의 생산은 기본배지에 비해 각각 4.24배 및 2.67배 증가하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.675-688
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• 2007

To characterize organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) contents, daily $PM_{2.5}$ measurements were performed in August 2006 (summer) and Jan $11{\sim}Feb$ 12 2007 (winter) at an urban site of Gwangju. Daily size-segregated aerosol samples were also collected for WSOC analysis. No clear seasonal variations in EC and WSOC concentrations were observed, while seasonal differences in OC concentration, and OC/EC and WSOC/EC ratios were shown. The WSOC/OC ratio showed higher value in summer (0.56) than in winter (0.40), reflecting the greater enhancement of secondary WSOC formation at the site in summer. Secondary WSOC concentrations estimated using EC tracer method were in the range $0.0{\sim}2.1\;{\mu}g/m^3$ (average $0.42\;{\mu}g/m^3$) and $0.0{\sim}1.1\;{\mu}g/m^3\;(0.24\;{\mu}g/m^3)$, respectively, accounting for $0{\sim}51.6%$ (average 16.8%) and $0{\sim}52.5%$ (average 13.1 %) of the measured WSOC concentrations in summer and winter. Sometimes higher WSOC/OC ratio in winter than that in summer could be attributed to two reasons. One is that the stable atmospheric condition often appears in winter, and the prolonged residence time would strengthen atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds. The other is that decrease of ambient temperature in winter would enhance the condensation of volatile secondary WSOC on pre-existing aerosols. In summertime, atmospheric aerosols and WSOC concentrations showed bimodal size distributions, peaking at the size ranges $0.32{\sim}0.56\;{\mu}m$ (condensation mode) and $3.2{\sim}5.6\;{\mu}m$ (coarse mode), respectively. During the wintertime, atmospheric aerosols showed a bimodal character, while WSOC concentrations showed a unimodal pattern. Size distributions of atmospheric aerosols and WSOC with a peak in the size range $0.32{\sim}0.56\;{\mu}m$ were observed for most of the measurement periods. On January 17, however, atmospheric aerosols and WOSC exhibited size distributions with modal peaks in the size range $1.0{\sim}1.8\;{\mu}m$, suggesting that the aerosol particles collected on that day could be expected to be more aged, i.e, longer residence time, than the aerosols at other sampling periods.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.114-127
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• 2015

In the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), ozone ($O_3$) concentration is still higher than in other urban areas in developed countries. In order to reveal the current state of photochemical air pollution and to provide data for validation of chemical transport models, vertical profiles of meteorological parameters and ozone concentrations were measured by ozonesonde in two field campaigns: the first one, during the change of season from wet to dry-cold (November 2011) and the second during the dry-warm season (March 2012). Unlike previous similar field campaigns, ozonesonde was launched twice daily. The observation data were used to analyze the production and distribution of ozone in the convective boundary layer. The observation days covered a wide range of meteorological conditions, and various profiles were obtained. The evolution of the mixing layer (ML) height was analyzed, revealing that ML evolution was faster during daytime in March 2012 than in November 2011. On a day in November 2011, the early-morning strong wind and the resulting vertical mixing was observed to have brought the high-ozone-concentration air-mass to the ground and caused relatively high surface ozone concentration in the morning. The amount of produced ozone in the MCMA was estimated by taking the difference between the two profiles on each day. In addition to the well-known positive correlation between daily maximum temperature and ozone production, effect of the ML height and wind stagnation was identified for a day in March 2012 when the maximum ground-level ozone concentration was observed during the two field campaigns. The relatively low ventilation coefficient in the morning and the relatively high value in the afternoon on this day implied efficient accumulation of the $O_3$ precursors and rapid production of $O_3$ in the ML.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2013

Cryptomeria japonica pollen is the most common pollen, which are scattering during each spring season in Japan. Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is one of seasonal allergic rhinitis that mainly occurs in Japan. In addition, long range transportation of Yellow Sand from the East Asian continent was also found during the pollen scattering seasons in Japan. Therefore, the interaction or impact between pollen and Yellow Sand should be concerned. In this study, our objective was to investigate the airborne behaviour of Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and its size-segregated allergenic (Cry j 1) particles as the airborne tracer of Cryptomeria japonica pollen during the Yellow Sand events. Airborne Cryptomeria japonica pollen grains and its size-segregated allergenic particles were collected at roadside of urban residential zones of Saitama city during the pollination periods from February to March in two year investigation of 2009 and 2010. The overlap of Yellow Sand events and dispersal peak of pollen grains was observed. According to the Meteorological data, we found that the peaks of airborne pollen grains appeared under higher wind speed and temperature than the previous day. It was thought that Yellow Sand events and airborne pollen counts were related to wind speed. From the investigation of the airborne behavior of the size-segregated allergen particles by determining Cry j 1 with Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), the higher concentrations of the allergenic Cry j 1 were detected in particle size equal to or less than $1.1{\mu}m$($PM_{1.1}$) than other particle sizes during Yellow Sand events, especially in the rainy day. We conclude that rainwater trapping Yellow Sand is one of the important factors that affect the release of allergenic pollen species of Cry j 1. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the relationships between Cryptomeria japonica pollen allergenic species and chemical contents of the Yellow Sand particles in further studies.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.571-579
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• 2019

Surimi has been widely investigated for developing fish snacks; however, few studies have examined the optimal drying conditions of surimi for fish snacks. This study used a response surface methodology to optimize the drying conditions for the overall acceptance of fish snacks. The drying temperature (X₁, 51-65℃) and drying time (X₂, 1.5-2.5 h) were chosen as independent variables. The dependent variables were overall acceptance (Y₁, points), hardness (Y₂, N), moisture content of the dried intermediate product (Y₃, %), and volatile basic nitrogen of the fried final product (Y₄, mg/100 g). The estimated optimal conditions for overall acceptance (Y₁) were X₁=64℃ and X₂=2 h. The predicted values of the dependent variables at the optimal conditions were overall acceptance (Y₁)=8.60 points, hardness (Y₂)=10.07 N, and moisture content of the dried intermediate product (Y₃)=10.00% and were similar to the experimental values. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the drying conditions affected the microstructure of the fish snacks. Our results could be used to increase the productivity of fish snacks made by small- and mid-sized seafood companies.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.26.1-26.9
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• 2020

Background: The study evaluated the effects of a butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin mixture on the immune system and stress in olive flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus. Methods: The mixture was intramuscularly injected into olive flounders at the current recommended dose. Furthermore, to determine the toxicity of overdose, a histological examination was performed after injection of 1-, 2-, and 4-fold higher than the recommended dose. Results: Immunity parameters were altered during the first 2 weeks after a single intramuscular injection of the mixture in olive flounders (average weight 20.5 ± 1.1 g). The levels of all tested items, except glutathione and antiprotease, were higher in the treated group than in the control group in the first week; the levels of all tested items were even higher in the second week in the treated group than in the control group. The level of nitro-blue tetrazolium, myeloperoxidase, and superoxide dismutase between the two groups differed significantly. Changes in the stress response to different seawater temperatures (increase or decrease in seawater temperature by 3-5 ℃ using 50 L heated or cooled seawater tanks) were studied by determining the changes in cortisol and glucose levels on days 1 and 7. Both cortisol and glucose levels were significantly lower in the treated group than in the control group. Histological analysis did not reveal any abnormalities after intramuscular injection of the mixture at doses that were 1-, 2-, and 4-fold higher than the recommended dose. Conclusions: Intramuscular injection of a butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin mixture is safe and effective in reducing stress and improving immunity in olive flounders.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2007

목 적: 인체의 항 PRP IgG 항체를 정량적으로 측정하기 위한 방법인 표준화된 효소면역법의 타당성을 연구하는 것이 목적이다. 방 법: 인체의 항 PRP IgG 항체를 정량적으로 측정하기 위한 방법인 표준화된 효소면역법의 타당성을 연구하기 위해 특이성, 반복성, 실험실내 정밀성, 정확성, 최소 정량 한계, 및 안정성을 평가하였다. 결 과: 본 연구에서 사용한 효소면역법은 검사에 사용된 항원(HbO-HA)에 특이성을 보였으며 반복성, 실험실내 정밀성 등의 정밀성은 허용기준(반복성 : $CV{\leq}15%$, 실험실내 정밀성 : $CV{\leq}20%$)을 만족하였다. 정확성은 28개 혈청을 대상으로 한 RABA 정량결과와 효소 면역법 정량결과 비교시험에서 높은 상관계수를 보였고 첨가 회복 검사 결과 허용기준($100{\pm}20%$)을 만족하였다. 최소 정량 한계 시료 정량결과의 정밀성과 정확성은 공칭 양의 -14.7~-4.7%로 모두 허용기준(정밀성 : $CV{\leq}25%$, 정확성 : ${\pm}25%$)을 만족하였다. 안정성 중 냉 해동 안정성과 단기 온도 안정성도 모두 허용기준(${\pm}20%$ 이내)을 만족하였다. 결 론: 이상의 결과로 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 백신효능연구센터에서 시행한 본 효소 면역법은 혈액 내에 존재하는 항 PRP IgG 항체를 정량적으로 측정하는 시험법으로 적절하였다.