• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

With the help of information technology, PVR has been evaluated as an innovative device that brings epochal changes for program selection and convenience of receivers with the convergence between broadcasting and telecommunication. Satellite broadcasters introduced PVR service to strengthen its interactive function. This study analyzed PVR user behavior and how it changed the existing TV viewing behavior through satellite subscribers. The results revealed that PVR subscribers mainly used it for time shifting like VCR use. FUrthermore, heavy PVR users watched TV more than on average and enjoyed a divers genre of programs. This study provides scholarly implication for PVR using behavior and its effects and its useful information for contents and marketing strategy to help PVR service popularization.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.18-23
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• 2016

Cell walls of microalgae consist of a polysaccharide and glycoprotein matrix providing the cells with a formidable defense against its environment. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of microalgae is primarily inhibited by the chemical composition of their cell walls containing biopolymers able to resist bacterial degradation. Adoption of pre-treatments such as thermal, thermal hydrolysis, ultrasound and enzymatic hydrolysis have the potential to remove these inhibitory compounds and enhance biogas yields by degrading the cell wall, and releasing the intracellular algogenic organic matter (AOM). This paper preproposal stage investigated the effect of different pre-treatments on microalgae cell wall, and their impact on the quantity of soluble biomass released in the media and thus on the digestion process yields. This Paper present optimum approach to degradation of the cell wall by ultra-sonication with practical design specification parameter for ultrasound based pretreatment system. As a result of this paper presents, a microalgae system in a wastewater treatment flowsheet for residual nutrient uptake can be justified by processing the waste biomass for energy recovery. As a conclusion on this result, Low energy harvesting technologies and pre-treatment of the algal biomass are required to improve the overall energy balance of this integrated system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.19A no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2012

Since the increasing use of smart devices such as smartphone and tablet PC improves the quality of convergence of broadcasting and telecommunication, many new media have been created. This smart device can provide personal environments based on user's profile (age, gender, and job) and current location. In addition, it can be regarded as a media platform with two-way communication. This paper proposes personalized message syndication, called PMS, based on smart devices and then analyzes its business and technical issues. The PMS service as a smart media provides consumers customized information and can be used for producer's marketing tools which can lead consumers' heart and participation.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.240-245
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• 2016

Scalable video streaming over wireless networks has many challenges. The most significant challenge is related to packet loss. To overcome this problem, in this paper, we propose an unequal loss protection (ULP) method using a new forward error correction (FEC) mechanism for robust scalable video streaming over wireless networks. For an efficient FEC assignment considering video quality, we first introduce a simple and efficient performance metric, the layer-based recovery rate (LRR), for quantifying the unequal error propagation effects of the temporal and quality layers on the basis of packet losses. LRR is based on the unequal importance in both the temporal and the quality layers of a hierarchical scalable video coding structure. Then, the proposed ULP-LRR method assigns an appropriate number of FEC packets on the basis of the LRR to protect the video layers against packet lossy network environments. Compared with conventional ULP algorithms, the proposed ULP-LRR algorithm demonstrates a higher performance for various error-prone wireless channel statuses.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.08a
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• pp.68-71
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• 2009

All-IP network requires change of the existing IP network engineering methods as the convergence service market between communication and broadcasting industries using IP network is growing rapidly. Especially the video services like IPTV require more strict transmission quality and higher bandwidth than the existing data services. So it is difficult to design All-IP network by the over-provisioning method which used to be used for the existing IP network design. It also requires a heavy investment which becomes one of big obstacles to the IPTV service expansion. In order to reduce the investment costs, it is required to design an optimized network by maximizing the utilization of the network resources and at the same time maintaining the customer satisfaction in terms of service quality. In this paper, we first analyze the effects of IPTV traffic on the existing internet. Then we compare two traffic engineering technologies, which are dimensioning without admission control and dimensioning with admission control, on the All-IP network design by simulation. Finally, we suggest cost effectiveness of traffic engineering technologies for designing the All-IP network.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.6 s.102
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• pp.793-798
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• 2005

We focus on the RP (Rendezvous Point) system model in the multicast network based on BcN (Broadband Convergence Network) integrating broadcasting, telecommunication and Internet with one. Based on the condition multiple queues with different service and single server, when the arrivals tome in group with the site of the group geometrically distributed, we define the relationship between incoming arrival rate and corresponding buffer size. We also investigate the Profit according to both Service Provider and Network Operator Then we make a decision whether a new service request is accepted or not based on given interning rate range.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.280-287
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• 2009

An IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) technology is the new convergence technology of the telecommunication and broadcasting which provides various bidirectional TV services. To provide these services only to legal subscribers, mutual authentication between set-top box connected with TV set and the smart card owned by a subscriber is needed. In this paper, we propose an attribute-based mutual authentication scheme that only someone who is satisfied with some attributes, such as titles or departments, can access the contents provided by the IPTV service in an organization. We also show that the proposed scheme is secure. Our proposed scheme has a virtue that user can access various services, provided by an organization where he/she belongs to, according to their attributes with only one time registration. As far as we know, this is the first attribute-based authentication scheme which can be applied to any organizations in IPTV environments.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.197-203
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• 2012

In this paper, researching for the video quality estimation of IPTV in the situation that increase the broadcasting network traffic on the IPTV multicasting service using the ETSI TR 101 290 that is the European digital video quality standard estimating method and present the experiment result. Proving that the intimate relation is between IPTV video quality and ETSI TR 101 290 estimation, also ETSI TR 101 290 can detect the video quality factors which can't be detected by the exist video estimation methods.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.521-523
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• 2013

최근 인터넷 기술의 발전과 폭발적인 인기를 누리고 있는 스마트폰 등의 인프라요소의 발전으로 인해 방송 및 통신 서비스의 융합된 형태인 IPTV, 스마트 TV 등의 새로운 형태의 서비스가 도입되어 시장을 형성하고 있다. 이러한 새로운 형태의 서비스는 기존 몇몇의 콘텐츠 제공자가 제공하는 서비스 뿐만아니라, 자신들이 만들 콘텐츠를 이용하고자하는 프로슈머들의 욕구 또한 충족시켜주어야 한다. 이러한 서비스 시장의 변화는 기존 폐쇄적인 서비스 운영형태를 가지고 있던 사업자들의 개방화 정책을 유도하고 있다. 우리나라의 서비스 사업자들오 이러한 서비스변화에 말맞추어 개방화 전략을 앞다투어 발표하고, 새로운 형태의 서비스를 통한 시장 점유율 향상을 위해 노력하고 있다. 하지만, 개방화된 서비스 형태는 자칫 새로운 보안문제를 야기할 수 있고, 이로 인해 새로운 서비스 조기정착과 서비스 시장확대라는 목적을 저해시킬 수 있다. 이에, 본 논문에서는 방송융합서비스의 개방화 정책에 따른 새로운 서비스 형태를 알아보고, 신규서비스에 내재되어 있는 보안위협을 도출, 이에 대한 대응방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이러한 대응방안은 신규 융합서비스 안정적 도입 및 확산을 위한 기반이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

There are three sorts of voices of female vocalists: soprano, mezzo-soprano, and contralto according to the transliteration. Among them, the soprano has the highest vocal range. Since the voice is generated through the human vocal tract based on the voice generation model, it is greatly influenced by the vocal tract. The structure of vocal organs differs from person to person, and the formants characteristic of vocalization differ accordingly. The formant characteristic refers to a characteristic in which a specific frequency band appears distinctly due to resonance occurring in each vocal tract in the vocal process. Formant characteristics include personality that occurs in the throat, jaw, lips, and teeth, as well as phonological properties of phonemes. The first formant is the throat, the second formant is the jaw, the third formant and the fourth formant are caused by the resonance phenomenon in the lips and the teeth. Among them, pronunciation is influenced not only by phonological information but also by jaws, lips and teeth. When the mouth is small or the jaw is stiff when pronouncing, pronunciation becomes unclear. Therefore, the higher the accuracy of the pronunciation characteristics, the more clearly the formant characteristics appear in the grammar spectrum. However, many soprano singers can not open their mouths because their jaws, lips, teeth, and facial muscles are rigid to maintain high tones when singing, which makes the pronunciation unclear and thus the formant characteristics become unclear. In this paper, in order to confirm the accuracy of the pronunciation characteristics of soprano singers, the experimental group was selected as the soprano singers A, B, C, D, E of Korea and analyzed the grammar spectrum and conducted the MOS test for pronunciation recognition. As a result, soprano singer B showed a clear recognition from F1 to F5 and MOS test result showed the highest recognition rate with 4.6 points. Soprano singers A, C, and D appear from F1 to F3, but it was difficult to find formants above 2kHz. Finally, the soprano singer E had difficulty in finding the formant as a whole, and MOS test showed the lowest recognition rate at 2.1 points. Therefore, we confirmed that the soprano singer B, which exhibits the most distinct formant characteristics in the grammar spectrum, has the best pronunciation accuracy.