• Informatization Policy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.3-39
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• 2023

With the growing importance of information/information system, information security is emphasized, and the significance of information security audit as a tool for maintaining the proper security level is increasing as well. The objectives of the study are to identify the overall research trends and to propose future research areas by analyzing domestic and overseas research in the area. To achieve the objectives, 103 research papers were analyzed based on both general and subject-related criteria. The following are the major research results : In terms of research approach, more empirical studies are needed; For subject "Auditor," studies to develop a framework for related variables (e.g., capability) are needed; For subject "Audit Activities/Procedures," future research should focus on the process/results of detailed audit activities; Future domestic research for "Audit Areas" should look for the new technology/industry/security areas covered by foreign studies; For "Audit Objective/Impact," studies to define the variables (e.g., performance and quality) systematically and comprehensively are needed; For "Audit Standard/Guidelines," research on model/guideline needs to be continued.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1850-1857
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess whether a deep learning (DL) algorithm could enable simultaneous noise reduction and edge sharpening in low-dose lumbar spine CT. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 52 patients (26 male and 26 female; median age, 60.5 years) who had undergone CT-guided lumbar bone biopsy between October 2015 and April 2020. Initial 100-mAs survey images and 50-mAs intraprocedural images were reconstructed by filtered back projection. Denoising was performed using a vendor-agnostic DL model (ClariCT.AI^TM, ClariPI) for the 50-mAS images, and the 50-mAs, denoised 50-mAs, and 100-mAs CT images were compared. Noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and edge rise distance (ERD) for image sharpness were measured. The data were summarized as the mean ± standard deviation for these parameters. Two musculoskeletal radiologists assessed the visibility of the normal anatomical structures. Results: Noise was lower in the denoised 50-mAs images (36.38 ± 7.03 Hounsfield unit [HU]) than the 50-mAs (93.33 ± 25.36 HU) and 100-mAs (63.33 ± 16.09 HU) images (p < 0.001). The SNRs for the images in descending order were as follows: denoised 50-mAs (1.46 ± 0.54), 100-mAs (0.99 ± 0.34), and 50-mAs (0.58 ± 0.18) images (p < 0.001). The denoised 50-mAs images had better edge sharpness than the 100-mAs images at the vertebral body (ERD; 0.94 ± 0.2 mm vs. 1.05 ± 0.24 mm, p = 0.036) and the psoas (ERD; 0.42 ± 0.09 mm vs. 0.50 ± 0.12 mm, p = 0.002). The denoised 50-mAs images significantly improved the visualization of the normal anatomical structures (p < 0.001). Conclusion: DL-based reconstruction may enable simultaneous noise reduction and improvement in image quality with the preservation of edge sharpness on low-dose lumbar spine CT. Investigations on further radiation dose reduction and the clinical applicability of this technique are warranted.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1109-1118
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• 2024

Probiotics, specifically Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, have garnered attention for their potential health benefits. This study focuses on evaluating the probiotic properties of candidate probiotics L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (3201) using the Caenorhabditis elegans surrogate animal model, a well-established in vivo system for studying host-bacteria interactions. The adhesive ability to the host's gastrointestinal tract is a crucial criterion for selecting potential probiotic bacteria. Our findings demonstrated that 3201 exhibits significantly higher adhesive capabilities compared with Escherichia coli OP50 (OP50), a standard laboratory food source for C. elegans and is comparable with the widely recognized probiotic L. rhamnosus GG (LGG). In lifespan assay, 3201 significantly increased the longevity of C. elegans compared with OP50. In addition, preconditioning with 3201 enhanced C. elegans immune response against four different foodborne pathogenic bacteria. To uncover the molecular basis of these effects, transcriptome analysis elucidated that 3201 modulates specific gene expression related to the innate immune response in C. elegans. C-type lectin-related genes and lysozyme-related genes, crucial components of the immune system, showed significant upregulation after feeding 3201 compared with OP50. These results suggested that preconditioning with 3201 may enhance the immune response against pathogens. Metabolome analysis revealed increased levels of fumaric acid and succinic acid, metabolites of the citric acid cycle, in C. elegans fed with 3201 compared with OP50. Furthermore, there was an increase in the levels of lactic acid, a well-known antimicrobial compound. This rise in lactic acid levels may have contributed to the robust defense mechanisms against pathogens. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the probiotic properties of the candidate probiotic L. rhamnosus IDCC 3201 by using multi-omics analysis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2004

This study is to investigate the amount of biased estimates for heritability and genetic correlation according to data structure on marbling scores in Korean cattle. Breeding population with 5 generations were simulated by way of selection for carcass weight, Longissimus muscle area and latent values of marbling scores and random mating. Latent variables of marbling scores were categorized into five by the thresholds of 0, I, 2, and 3 SD(DSI) or seven by the thresholds of -2, -1, 0,1I, 2, and 3 SD(DS2). Variance components and genetic pararneters(Heritabilities and Genetic correlations) were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood on multivariate linear mixed animal models and by Gibbs sampling algorithms on multivariate threshold mixed animal models in DS1 and DS2. Simulation was performed for 10 replicates and averages and empirical standard deviation were calculated. Using REML, heritabilitis of marbling score were under-estimated as 0.315 and 0.462 on DS1 and DS2, respectively, with comparison of the pararneter(0.500). Otherwise, using Gibbs sampling in the multivariate threshold animal models, these estimates did not significantly differ to the parameter. Residual correlations of marbling score to other traits were reduced with comparing the parameters when using REML algorithm with assuming linear and normal distribution. This would be due to loss of information and therefore, reduced variation on marbling score. As concluding, genetic variation of marbling would be well defined if liability concepts were adopted on marbling score and implemented threshold mixed model on genetic parameter estimation in Korean cattle.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.24-37
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• 2012

In this study, Community Garden of various national and international practices trends to an advanced research, the concept of community garden participated with a group operation out of initiative to produce safety food while securing space for the community, ensuring the area that has gone through a new form of active secure urban green space plan, urban renewal movement was defined as the mean. Furthermore, for the purpose of improving the poor welfare environment by attempting to experimentally make a community garden of a disabled welfare house rooftop and how to target its planning and construction process, partnership involvement, business processes have been investigated, such as cost sharing. The whole process including a budget for development of this case was conducted by the Busan Green Trust. Standard Chartered (SC) First Bank's 50% fund share by community chest, participation of volunteers, support of Busan City and Saba-gu, outside of that, sharing parts or trial to participate by diverse partnership of enterprise, public corporation and laboratory, these are the key in developing community garden's model. Established community garden places resulted food production to users of welfare center for the disabled, participating urban agricultural experience program, horticultural therapy, complex community chapter and cultural center. Furthermore, we could find the meaning of rooftop community garden in the point that it is a low cost garden by applying movable and unmovable planters. This study is profitable for improving urban environment, ensuring community chapter and urban green areas, regenerating a city to develop experimental community garden model by using a welfare house rooftop.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.3 s.41
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• pp.61-79
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to evaluate concretely how the 7th Technology Home Economics(HE) curriculum was operated In school fields by using context evaluation, input evaluation using the CIPP model focusing HE. In this research. a questionnaire survey was done targeting HE teachers in charge of technology and home economics subject for the 7th curriculum implementation at 250 randomly selected middle schools in Gpoungsangnamdo, and 109 returned questionnaire papers were used for the final analysis. The frequency, percent, mean and standard deviation of these data were obtained by using the SPSS 10.0 for Windows Program. The results of this research were outlined below: First, with a regard to the context evaluation (evaluating educational contexts), the requirement degree of seeking for career appeared to be the highest at the requirement survey of the education goal and character of HE area, and the requirement degree of elevating understanding home living' were very low. Interest and concern of students towards these subject as well as the self-confidence of HE teachers in charge were low. Second, as for the input evaluation (evaluating education plans), time allocation, content level, and content amount were not regarded to be not proper, and the composition of HE educational curriculums and the class guideline of teachers also were not so faithful from the aspect of school level. Among surveyed items, establishing plans in school level towards evaluation was relatively sincere, but discussions about curriculums were not so faithful, suggesting various kinds of content are not fully discussed. As shown by the results above, it is difficult to say that the operation of the 7th HE educational curriculums has secured its position perfectly. It is necessary to examine systematically the educational goals. character of the 7th HE educational curriculum and the appropriateness of curriculum content, and to seek various methods to elevate the self confidence of teachers and the interests of students. Because how to operate national level educational curriculums in school levels with self-regulation and elasticity will be an important variable in realizing educational goals, teachers, the main body of educational curriculums and direct performers, should establish and perform educational plans in school levels to elevated the satisfaction of teachers and educational effects for normally operating educational curriculums. In addition, educational curriculums should be operated and evaluated mainly by teachers at school fields to make it possible to confirm and check the achievement of the goals of educational curriculums qualitatively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.417-428
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• 2013

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes), listed as a Class I endangered species by the Ministry of Environment of Korea, has been considered to be extinct in South Korea since the 1980s, and an intensive restoration project has been underway in Sobaeksan national park. This study was carried out to develop a suitable model for the red fox reintroduction program based on Population viability analysis (PVA) by using the VORTEX program. If 10 animals (5 females and 5 males) were continuously released into the initial zero population every year for 10 years, population growth rate and extinction probability over the next 50 years after the introduction of the population were $0.018{\pm}0.204$ and 0.354, respectively; the maximum population size was 116.34 at the 16th year after the first release, and a reduction rate of 1.22 every year from the 17th year was inferred. We found that additional releases would be needed from the 17th year after the initial release to maintain a positive growth rate and to prevent the extinction of the released red foxes, and releasing more than 12 individuals every year would be needed for the long-term, continuous existence of red foxes. By contrast, if fewer than 6 red fox individuals were released the extinction probability over the next 50 years was more than 80%. To maintain the minimum population growth rate, the release of more than 8 individuals were needed for positive population growth. The population growth rate was more stable when 10 animals in the change of their sex rate every year from the set value were released as the female-to- male sex ratio of 6:4 rather than 1:1. However, if the female-biased sex ratio was increased by more than 7:3, a negative population growth was expected. The occurrence rate of roadkill and poaching are important factors in the red fox restoration project. The extinction probability was decreased to 30% if each factor was decreased to 3% based on the standard baseline; however, if each factor was increased to more than 3%, an extinction rate of about 90% was reached over the next 50 years.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.1243-1254
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• 2021

For water resources operation or agricultural water management, it is important to accurately predict evapotranspiration for a long-term future over a seasonal or monthly basis. In this study, reference evapotranspiration forecast (up to 12 months in advance) was performed using statistically predicted monthly temperatures and temperature-based Hamon method for the Han River basin. First, the daily maximum and minimum temperature data for 15 meterological stations in the basin were derived by spatial-temporal downscaling the monthly temperature forecasts. The results of goodness-of-fit test for the downscaled temperature data at each site showed that the percent bias (PBIAS) ranged from 1.3 to 6.9%, the ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of the observations (RSR) ranged from 0.22 to 0.27, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) ranged from 0.93 to 0.95, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) ranged from 0.97 to 0.98 for the monthly average daily maximum temperature. And for the monthly average daily minimum temperature, PBIAS was 7.8 to 44.7%, RSR was 0.21 to 0.25, NSE was 0.94 to 0.96, and r was 0.98 to 0.99. The difference by site was not large, and the downscaled results were similar to the observations. In the results of comparing the forecasted reference evapotranspiration calculated using the downscaled data with the observed values for the entire region, PBIAS was 2.2 to 5.4%, RSR was 0.21 to 0.28, NSE was 0.92 to 0.96, and r was 0.96 to 0.98, indicating a very high fit. Due to the characteristics of the statistical models and uncertainty in the downscaling process, the predicted reference evapotranspiration may slightly deviate from the observed value in some periods when temperatures completely different from the past are observed. However, considering that it is a forecast result for the future period, it will be sufficiently useful as information for the evaluation or operation of water resources in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.915-929
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• 2023

Improvements in people's quality of life, diversification of leisure activities, and changes in population structure have led to an increase in the demand for tourism and an expansion of the diversification of tourism activities. In particular, for coastal cities where land and marine tourism elements coexist, various factors influence their tourism demands. Tourism requires the construction of infrastructure and content development according to the demand at the tourist destination. This study aims to improve the prediction accuracy and explore influencing factors through time series analysis of tourism scale using agent-based data. Basic local governments in the Busan area were examined, and the data used were the number of tourists and the amount of tourism consumption on a monthly basis. The univariate time series analysis, which is a deterministic model, was used along with the SARIMAX analysis to identify the influencing factor. The tourism consumption propensity, focusing on the consumption amount according to business types and the amount of mentions on SNS, was set as the influencing factor. The difference in accuracy (RMSE standard) between the time series models that did and did not consider COVID-19 was found to be very wide, ranging from 1.8 times to 32.7 times by region. Additionally, considering the influencing factor, the tourism consumption business type and SNS trends were found to significantly impact the number of tourists and the amount of tourism consumption. Therefore, to predict future demand, external influences as well as the tourists' consumption tendencies and interests in terms of local tourism must be considered. This study aimed to predict future tourism demand in a coastal city such as Busan and identify factors affecting tourism scale, thereby contributing to policy decision-making to prepare tourism demand in consideration of government tourism policies and tourism trends.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.142-162
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• 2015

The purpose of this study are to provide the basic data materials and implementations for successful performance of electric-work field representatives of South Korean firms by identifying their roles and competency and examining their educational need. For this research purposes, three phased analysis was followed on: (1) the roles of electric-work field representatives, (2) competency of electric-work field representatives and (3) educational need for their competency. This research method was to conduct a focus group interview for 10 expert field representatives along with survey. The collected data materials were processed by MS Excel and SPSS 21.0 for statistical analysis including average, standard deviation and other basic statistics; the gap in awareness of field representatives; and need values. For the needs analysis, the difference between significance of field representatives' competency and current status was examined by t test. And the awareness gap between competency importance and current status was identified based on the Borich equation. The Locus for Focus model was employed herein to identify the kinds of competency with high importance and high inconsistency to prioritize. As a result, this research has found as follows: first, the roles of field representatives were found to be in 13 different kinds of roles. Second, electric-work field representatives were found to need to have 16 different skills. Third, regarding the 16 abilities, the gap between current status and significance was analyzed herein. The results showed statistically significant differences in all cases. The Borich needs analysis found the first required ability was communication ability followed by power of execution, conflict management ability, analytical thinking and time management ability. Also, the results of Locus for Focus model analysis displayed that the first quadrant(HH) included 7 highly-demanded abilities of communication ability, analytical thinking, decision making ability, specialty, time management ability, power of execution and drive for work implementation. The top-priority group was found to have 5 items of communication ability, analytical thinking, time management ability, power of execution and drive for work implementation which were commonly seen in the Locus for Focus model outcomes. Based on these findings, this research could identify the roles and competency of electric-work field representatives and provide the basic data materials applicable to future personal management of electricity companies including recruitment, division of work, job description, evaluation, etc. Also this research offered guidelines on demanded abilities in the field and where to place priority. The kinds of abilities with high educational demand as found in this research must be considered in designing educational programs for the competency building of field representatives. This research is expected to provide useful information in developing such educational programs for field representatives.