• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2008

Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, particularly Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), has emerged as an important analytical tool in quantification as well as identification of multi-atomic inorganic ions such as nitrate. In the present study, the possibility of quantifying soil nitrate via diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) without change of a sample phase or with least treated samples was examined. Four types of soils were spectrally characterized in terms of unique bands of soil contents and interferences with nitrate bands in the range of $2000-1000cm^{-1}$. In order to reduce the effects of soil composition on calibration model for nitrate, spectra transformed to the 1st order derivatives were used in the partial least squared regression (PLSR) model and the classification procedure associated with input soil types was involved in calibration system. PLSR calibration models for each soil type provided better performance results ($R^2$>0.95, RPD>6.0) than the model considering just one type of soil as a standard.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.461-473
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• 2015

Jinhae Bay located in the southern of Korean Peninsular is an important spawning area in Korea. By some preliminary studies it was measured several times that adult Pacific codes (Gadus microcephalus) were passed (swimming layer: 15 to 18 m) over a submerged sea tunnel (sea bottom: about 30 m) rather than another immigration route when the Pacific codes were tagged surgically with an acoustic transmitters and released inside of the Bay. There is a possibility that the Pacific codes and the other fishes use the route on the sea tunnel as an immigration route are affected by a human-generated underwater noise around the sea tunnel due to the sea tunnel traffic. On this study the 25-hour measurements of the underwater noise level by water layer were conducted with a hydrophone attached on a portable CTD and an underwater noise level meter during four seasons, and the acoustical characteristics of the underwater noise was analyzed. The mean traffic volume for one hour at the sea tunnel on the spring was shown the largest value of 1,408 [standard deviation (SD): 855] vehicles among four seasons measurement. The next one was ordered on the autumn [1,145 (SD: 764)], winter [947 (SD: 598)] and summer [931 (SD: 558)] vehicles. Small size vehicle was formed 84.3% of the traffic volume, and ultra-small size, medium size, large size and extra-large size of the vehicle were taken possession of 8.7%, 3.2%, 2.0% and 1.8%, respectively. On the daily change of the noise level in vertical during four seasons the noise level of 5 m-layer was shown the highest value of 121.2 (SD: 3.6) dB (re $1{\mu}Pa$), the next one was 10 m-layer [120.7 (SD: 3.5)], 2 m- and 15 m-layer [120.3 (SD: 3.5 to 3.7)] and 1 m-layer [119.2 (SD: 3.6)] dB (re $1{\mu}Pa$). In relation with the seasonal change of the noise level the average noise level measured during autumn was shown the highest value of 123.9 (SD: 2.6) dB (re $1{\mu}Pa$), the next was during summer [121.4 (SD: 3.2)], spring [118.0 (SD: 3.4)] and winter [116.5 (SD: 5.1)] dB (re $1{\mu}Pa$). In results of eigenray computation when the real bathymetry data (complicate shape of sea bed) was applied the average number of eigenray was 2.68 times (eigenrays: 11.03 rays) higher than those of model bathymetry (flat and slightly sloped sea bottom). When the real bathymetric data toward inside (water depth becomes shallow according to a distance between the source of noise and hydrophone) of the Bay was applied on the eigenrays calculation the number of the eigenray was 1.31 times (eigenrays: 12.49 rays) larger than the real bathymetric data toward outside (water depth becomes deep with respect to the distance). But when the model bathymetric data toward inside of the Bay was applied the number of the eigenray was 1.05 times (eigenrays: 4.21 rays) larger than the model bathymetric data toward outside.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2023

Wearable technology for military applications has received considerable attention as a means of personal status check and monitoring. Among many, an implementation to recognize specific motion states of a human is promising in that allows active management of troops by immediately collecting the operational status and movement status of individual soldiers. In this study, as an extension of military wearable application research, a new ankle wearable device is proposed that can glean the information of a soldier on the battlefield on which action he/she takes in which environment. Presuming a virtual situation, the soldier's upper limbs are easily exposed to uncertainties about circumstances. Therefore, a sensing module is attached to the ankle of the soldier that may always interact with the ground. The obtained data comprises 3-axis accelerations and 3-axis rotational velocities, which cannot be interpreted by hand-made algorithms. In this study, to discern the behavioral characteristics of a human using these dynamic data, a data-driven model is introduced; four features extracted from sliced data (minimum, maximum, mean, and standard deviation) are utilized as an input of the model to learn and classify eight primary military movements (Sitting, Standing, Walking, Running, Ascending, Descending, Low Crawl, and High Crawl). As a result, the proposed device could recognize a movement status of a solider with 95.16% accuracy in an arbitrary test situation. This research is meaningful since an effective way of motion recognition has been introduced that can be furtherly extended to various military applications by incorporating wearable technology and artificial intelligence.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.596-610
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• 2023

Focusing high marble deposition, Hanwoo feedlot system uses high-energy diet over the prolonged fattening period. However, due to the individual genetic variation, around 40% of them are graded into inferior quality grades (QG), despite they utilized the same resources. Therefore, focusing on development of a nutrigenomic based precision management model, this study was to evaluated the response to the divergent selection on genetic merit for marbling score (MS), under different dietary total digestible nutrient (TDN) levels. Total of 111 calves were genotyped and initially grouped according to estimated breeding value (high and low) for marbling score (MS-EBV). Subsequently, managed under two levels of feed TDN%, over the calf period, early, middle, and final fattening periods following 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Carcasses were evaluated for MS, Back fat thickness (BFT) and Korean beef quality grading standard. As the direct response to the selection was significant, the results confirmed the importance of initial genetic grouping of Hanwoo steers for MS-EBV. However, dietary TDN level did not show an effect (p > 0.05) on the MS. Furthermore, no genetic-by-nutrition interaction for MS (p > 0.05) was also observed. The present results showed no correlation response on BFT (p > 0.05), which indicates that the selection based on MS-EBV can be used to enhance the MS without undesirable effect on BFT. Ultimate turnover of the Hanwoo feedlot operation is primarily determined by the QGs. The present model shows that the initial grouping for MS-EBV increased the proportion of carcasses graded for higher QGs (QG1⁺⁺ and QG1⁺) by approximately 20%. Moreover, there appear to be a potential to increase the proportion of QG 1⁺⁺ animals among the high-genetic group by further increasing the dietary energy content. Overall, this precision management strategy suggests the importance of adopting an MS based initial genetic grouping system for Hanwoo steers with a subsequent divergent management based on dietary energy level.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2014

In order to foster rapid disaster response and public life protection, National Emergency Management Agency has been trying to spread 'Emergency Rescue Standard System' on a national scale since 2006. The agency has also intensified management of firefighter's safety on disaster site by implementing danger predication training, specialized training and education and safety procedure check as a part of safety management officer duties. Nevertheless, there are limitations for effective fire fighting steps, such as damage spreading and life damage due to unawareness of illegal converted structure, structure transformation by high temperature and nearby hazardous material storage as well as extemporary situation handling endangered firefighter's life. In order to eliminate these limitations there is a need for an effort and technology application to minimize human errors such as inaccurate situational awareness, wrong decision built on experience and judgment of field commander and firefighters. The purpose of this study is to propose a new disaster response model which is applied with geospatial information. we executed spatial contextual awareness map analysis using fire-fighting vulnerable zone model to propose the new disaster response model and also examined a case study for Dalseo-gu in Daegu Metropolitan City. Finally, we also suggested operational concept of new proposed model on a national scale.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.331-344
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• 2016

Whole Crop Barley (WCB) is a representative self-sufficient winter annual forage crop, along with Italian Ryegrass (IRG), in Korea. In this study, we examined the path relationship between WCB yield and climate factors such as temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration using a structural equation model. A Bayesian approach was considered to overcome the limitations of the small WCB sample size. As prior distribution of parameters in Bayesian method, standard normal distribution, the posterior result of structural equation model for WCB, and the posterior result of structural equation model for IRG (which is the most popular winter crop) were used. Also, Heywood case correction in prior distribution was considered to obtain the posterior distribution of parameters; in addition, the best prior to fit the characteristics of winter crops was identified. In our analysis, we found that the best prior was set by using the results of a structural equation model to IRG with Heywood case correction. This result can provide an alternative for research on forage crops that have hard to collect sample data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2006

Black rockfish and goldeye rockfish are commercially important fish species due to the increasing demand in Korea. When estimating the abundance of stocks for these species acoustically, it is of crucial importance to know the target strength(TS) to length dependence. In relation to these needs, TS measurement was conducted on black rockfish and goldeye rockfish in an acrylic salt water tank using 70kHz and 120kHz split beam echo sounders. The TS for these two species under the controlled condition was simultaneously measured with the swimming movement by DVR system and analyzed as a function of fish length(L). The results obtained are summarized as follows: The best fit regression of TS on fish length of black rockfish was TS=19.38 Log(L, cm)-70.46 ($r^2=0.71$) at 70kHz and TS=22.39 Log(L, cm)-70.40 ($r^2=0.64$) at 120kHz and in the standard form TS=20 Log(L, cm)-71.29 ($r^2 = 0.70$) at 70kHz and TS=20 Log(L, cm)-66.88 ($r^2=0.57$) at 120kHz. The best fit regression of TS on fish length of goldeye rockfish was TS=17.10 Log(L, cm)-68.28 ($r^2=0.37$) at 70kHz and TS=24.39 Log(L, cm)-73.74 ($r^2=0.59$) at 120kHz and in the standard form TS=20 Log(L, cm)-72.03 ($r^2=0.32$) at 70kHz and TS=20 Log(L, cm)-67.68 ($r^2=0.64$) at 120kHz. An empirical model for fish TS(dB) averaged over the dorsal aspect of 115 fishes of black rockfish and goldeye rockfish and which spans the fish length(L, m) to wavelength($\lambda$, m) ratio between 8 and 30 was derived : TS=34.12 Log(L)-14.12 Log($\lambda$)-23.83, ($r^2=0.90$).

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.251-263
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• 2004

The Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL), recommended by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1998, is an XML-based declarative language to synchronize and present multimedia documents. SMIL can create new multimedia data integrating various types of multimedia objects which exist separately such as text, video, graphics and audio. It can support synchronization of multimedia data which are limited in current HTML-based Web technology. For its popularity, it is required to develop a multimedia server guaranteeing Quality of Service (QoS), authoring tool and player. For developing a SMIL authoring tool and player, the technologies are essentially required to read and analyze a SMIL document and to play synchronized various types of media objects in a timeline. In this paper, we describe a design and implementation of an event processor which supports SMIL 2.0 timing model. Moreover, we also develop a SMIL 2.0 player using the proposed event processor. This will facilitate the play of SMIL contents, so that it can contribute to the prosperity of SMIL technology It is possible to reuse in various language profiles defined in the SMIL standard. This player is expected to be utilized in other standard integrating SMIL such as XHTML＋SMIL and SMIL Animation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.1A
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• pp.93-98
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• 2004

Serial ATA interface Is inexpensive comparatively and performance is superior. So it is suitable technology in demand that now require data transmission and throughput of high speed. This paper describes a design and implementation of Serial ATA Link layer about error detection and 8b/10b encoder/decoder for DC balance in frequency 150MHz. The 8b/10b Encoder is partitioned into a 5b/6b plus a 3b/4b coder. The logical model of the block is described by using Verilog HDL at register transistor level and the verified HDL is synthesized using standard cell libraries. And it is fabricated with $0.35{\mu}m$ Standard CMOS Cell library and the chip size is about $1500{\mu}m\;*\;1500{\mu}m$. The function of this chip has been verified and tested using testboard with FPGA equipment and IDEC ATS2 test equipment. It is used to frequency of 100MHz in verification processes and supply voltage 3.3V. The result of testing is well on the system clock 100MHz. The designed and verified each blocks may be used IP in the field of high speed serial data communication.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.12B
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• pp.1744-1751
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• 2011

The concept of the advanced concept technology demonstration (ACTD) has previously been introduced in USA in order to make it possible to rapidly transfer advanced technologies developed in commercial sectors to develop weapon systems in the defense area. Since then in Korea several ACTD programs have been developed and being carried out However, there are few program management methods suitable for the characteristics of the ACTD programs, which requires stringent management of the program requirements and risks due to the radically shortened development time. In this paper such a problem has been addressed and as a solution approach the quality function deployment (QFD) method has been adopted, which is being served as a successful model in various areas such as manufacturing. The QFD method is used in our study to improve communication between various stakeholders involved in the ACTD programs and also to reduce risks related to requirements. Specifically we have developed the ACTD standard templates based on the QFD method and discussed how to use the developed templates. Finally, the application of the study result is demonstrated through the ACTD program of flight information demonstration system and also specific ways are suggested to use the standard templates, to manage requirements, and to reduce risks.