• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 1998

Development and implementation of food irradiation was driven by needs pertaining to food safety improvement, food spoilage reduction, and quarantine/trade. The need for food safety is caused by the increasing morbidity and mortality caused by food-borne diseases worldwide, and it affects national economy and world-trade. Radiation technology can serve to ameliorate the vulnerability of our food supply system.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.270-277
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• 2022

Today, due to the serviceization of the economy, volume and position Global trade in Services have gradually increased. Stable and fair trade can be achieved through solid international trade law. Multilateral discussions on service trade agreement have been stagnant, but have recently shown considerable outcome. Service trade agreement(GATS) deal with various service trade barriers in member countries that hinder free trade in services. Recently, a group of WTO members have established the 「Joint Initiative on Services Domestic Regulation」. The agreement aims to ensure that licensing and qualification requirements and procedures, as well as technical standards do not constitute unnecessary barriers to services trade. This study is to understand the type and statistics of service trade barriers that affect actual service transactions. At the same time, It aims to examine the progress of discussions on multilateral service trade agreement for resolving service trade barriers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.181-189
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• 2017

This study examines whether the variables used in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology(performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions) is applicable to continuous usage of uTradeHub at a time of expansion in the use of uTradeHub. In addition, the role of user satisfaction(mediating effect) and CEO support(interaction effect) in the relationship is identified attempting to provide basic data to help uTradeHub management strategy establishment. A total of 101 valid responses collected through questionnaires were used for empirical analysis(using SPSS 24.0), and the results are as follows. First, for the effect of the integration technology acceptance factor on user satisfaction(H1), only performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence were significant, but facilitating conditions was not significant. Second, for the effect of user satisfaction on the continued use of uTradeHub(H2), there was a significant result. Third, the mediation effect on verification of user satisfaction(H3) was full where performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence prompted continuous usage through user satisfaction. Fourth, for interactive effect verification of CEO support(H4), an interaction effect was shown only in the influence relationship of performance expectancy and social influence on user satisfaction.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.313-329
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• 2021

Purpose - Digital trade, which started in the early 2000s, is showing a sharp increase due to the recent pandemic. However, despite this proliferation, users' acceptance of innovation is very slow. Cloud services are at the center of digital trade activation. This study aims to contribute to the spread of digital trade through empirical analysis of the resistance factors that hinder the use of cloud service-based digital trade using the innovation resistance theory and the status quo bias theory. Design/Methodology/Approach - In order to achieve the research purpose, this study was conducted with 171 entrepreneurs using cloud service-based digital trade. Structural equation model(SEM) was used through empirical analysis. Findings - As a result of the study, it was found that the complexity of technology, perceived risk, compatibility, and trust in service providers had a significant effect on innovation resistance, and policy trust did not affect innovation resistance. Also, security concerns and institutional trust were analyzed to have a significant effect on the trust of service providers. Research Implications - This study is meaningful to help the rapid diffusion of innovative technologies through empirical analysis of factors that lower the intention to accept cloud service-based digital trade.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.5-11
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• 2015

The study examined the socio-economic factors influencing the participation of rural farming households in barter trade in Ondo State, Nigeria. The objectives were to compare the socio-economic characteristics of the participants and non-participants in barter trade, analyze the preference for barter trade and identify the constraints to it. Also, the factors affecting respondents' participation in barter trade were identified. Empirical results indicated that there were significant differences in the socio-economic characteristics of the participants and non-participants in barter trade. The SWOT analysis showed that possession of agrarian attributes by the locality where the trade is practiced was the strongest factor ensuring the survival of barter in the study area. Double coincidence of wants was found to be the most prevailing weakness associated with barter while the major reason for participation by some households was that the quantity of commodities received is usually higher compared with cash transactions. Transportation cost to barter markets was found to be the greatest threat to the continued existence of barter trade in the area. The results of the Probit model showed that age, household size, transportation cost to cash markets, farm size, distance to barter markets, and formal education significantly affected the probability participating in barter trade.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.203-222
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• 2003

Owing to the digital revolution, Internet Commerce and Electronic Commerce is having a profound influence on the global trade and internal commerce, revolutionizing the way of doing business and making payment. The entrance of the Internet has a prominent for spread of Electronic Commerce and those phenomenons will result in paperless trading and cashless trade By virtue of Internet, an increasing share of business transactions occurs online. Electronic payment is essential for the smooth progress of the electronic commerce as electronic payment plays the important role in the electronic commerce. Traditionally international settlement systems such as letters of credits, remittance and documentary collections operated as an important and popular method of payment. Now, information technology has made it possible to pay for the sale of goods and services over the internet. In international trade, there are service providers (Bolero, TradeCard, @Globaltrade) to settle payment electronically through the Internet.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.113-132
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• 2003

The recent advancement of information technology bas impacted immensely on international trade. Particularly, the Internet revolution bas been the driving force behind the expansion of electronic commerce (e-commerce: EC), of which Trade e-Marketplace has been playing very important role in doing international trade. This study analyses its concept, features, types and present state, and also bas an outlook of it in the future based on a precedent and literature study on this subject in order that the trade business and small corporations understand more deeply and use it effectively.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.337-348
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• 2020

Although the WTO has fulfilled several key tasks it was set up to do - providing periodic reviews of members' trade policies, resolving disputes, supporting negotiations - with the notable exceptions of the Trade Facilitation and Information Technology agreements, WTO members have not been able to negotiate new rules on "bread and butter" trade policies. The importance of doing so was illustrated by the COVID-19 pandemic which saw widespread uncoordinated recourse to trade policy instruments. This paper highlights four reforms that would bolster the effectiveness of the WTO as a forum for trade cooperation: (1) improving collection and reporting of information on trade-related policies; (2) supporting analysis-informed deliberation to establish a common understanding of the need and scope for cooperation in specific policy areas; (3) putting in place a stronger multilateral governance framework for plurilateral cooperation between groups of WTO members; and (4) reestablishing an effective dispute settlement system.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-36
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• 1992

In according to the rapid economic growth and strengthening of economic cooperation of Asian-Pacific countries, Pusan is capable of developing to the international trade center of Pan-Pacific Area. Therefore a lot of functional preparations are required for the international trade center. First the expansion and functional specialization of harbor which is a gateway of international physical distribution is required. Second, raising physical distribution inducement effect through establishment of free trade zone and producing financial and information service accompanied with trade activity through establishment of international financial center and teleport are necessary. And the research complex of high technology (sciencepark) which utilizes the industrial base of Pusan area is necessary for the development of Pusan toward the international trade city. And the establishment of marine sightseeing complex in Pusan utilizing the ocean natural resource is helpful for the growth of Pusan to the international trade center.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.634-657
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• 2016

This study analyzes relationship between utilizing patents and trade secrets of firms empirically by using Koran Innovation Survey data. A number of prior theoretical studies have been discussed by assuming the patents and trade secrets used as alternative mutual relations. However, the use of patents and trade secrets can be used as a complementary and alternative methods generally based on a variety of firm and innovation characteristics. In this study, after controlling for nature of businesses, industry and innovation, the relationships between patent and trade secrets were analyzed by using 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014 cross-sectional data. Prior to 2010, the relationship of patents and trade secrets was used as a complementary, while the result of 2014 showed that patents and trade secrets were utilized by firms independently. However, because we couldn't completely rule out the possibility that this result is caused by the difference between surveys, we performed a additional analysis. In conclusion, the independent relationship between patents and trade secrets may be caused by the increased number of patent applications and preference for the patent by firms since 2010.