• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.228-238
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• 2007

This study was conducted to increase sweetpotato utilization and to determine the vegetative value of sweetpotato tips by investigating the phenolic compounds, antioxidative effect in oil, electron donating ability, nitrite scavenging effect and ACE inhibition activities. The phenolic compounds present in sweetpotato tips are the gallic, chlorogenic, gentisic, caffeic, couramic and ferulic acid, which are 16-122 times higher compared to other vegetables such as spinach, soybean sprout, and perilla leaves. In each solvent extract, the total phenolic compounds (175.8mg/g) was composed of 55% EtOAc extraction and 39% BuOH extract, respectively. The results of induction period using the Rancimat method showed that the antioxidant activity of SP tips was higher than the tocopherol or BHT. The relative levels of each solvent extract in SP tips were as follows: EtOAc>BHT>BuOH>Tocopherol>Water>$CHCl_3$>Hexane. The peroxide value was measured every 5 days for 25 days during storage and results showed that the peroxide value, the tips, tuberous root and tocopherol were lower compared to spinach, soybean sprout and perilla leaves. Nitrite scavenging effects were excellent in sweetpotato tips, perilla leaves and soybean sprout, especially, inhibition rate of perilla leaves (72%) were superior to the others. In process of solvent extraction, activity of BuOH and water extractions were the best. ACE inhibition activity in sweetpotato tips was 1.5 times higher than in tuberous roots and $1.9{\sim}3.7$ times higher than in spinach, soybean sprout, perilla leaves.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.213-226
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• 2011

In global supply chain, the scheduling problems of large products such as ships, airplanes, space shuttles, assembled constructions, and/or automobiles are complicated by nature. New scheduling systems are often developed in order to reduce inherent computational complexity. As a result, a problem can be decomposed into small sub-problems, problems that contain independently small scheduling systems integrating into the initial problem. As one of the authors experienced, DAS (Daewoo Shipbuilding Scheduling System) has adopted a two-layered hierarchical architecture. In the hierarchical architecture, individual scheduling systems composed of a high-level dock scheduler, DAS-ERECT and low-level assembly plant schedulers, DAS-PBS, DAS-3DS, DAS-NPS, and DAS-A7 try to search the best schedules under their own constraints. Moreover, the steep growth of communication technology and logistics enables it to introduce distributed multi-nation production plants by which different parts are produced by designated plants. Therefore vertical and lateral coordination among decomposed scheduling systems is necessary. No standard coordination mechanism of multiple scheduling systems exists, even though there are various scheduling systems existing in the area of scheduling research. Previous research regarding the coordination mechanism has mainly focused on external conversation without capacity model. Prior research has heavily focuses on agent-based coordination in the area of agent research. Yet, no scheduling domain has been developed. Previous research regarding the agent-based scheduling has paid its ample attention to internal coordination of scheduling process, a process that has not been efficient. In this study, we suggest a general framework for agent-based coordination of multiple scheduling systems in global supply chain. The purpose of this study was to design a standard coordination mechanism. To do so, we first define an individual scheduling agent responsible for their own plants and a meta-level coordination agent involved with each individual scheduling agent. We then suggest variables and values describing the individual scheduling agent and meta-level coordination agent. These variables and values are represented by Backus-Naur Form. Second, we suggest scheduling agent communication protocols for each scheduling agent topology classified into the system architectures, existence or nonexistence of coordinator, and directions of coordination. If there was a coordinating agent, an individual scheduling agent could communicate with another individual agent indirectly through the coordinator. On the other hand, if there was not any coordinating agent existing, an individual scheduling agent should communicate with another individual agent directly. To apply agent communication language specifically to the scheduling coordination domain, we had to additionally define an inner language, a language that suitably expresses scheduling coordination. A scheduling agent communication language is devised for the communication among agents independent of domain. We adopt three message layers which are ACL layer, scheduling coordination layer, and industry-specific layer. The ACL layer is a domain independent outer language layer. The scheduling coordination layer has terms necessary for scheduling coordination. The industry-specific layer expresses the industry specification. Third, in order to improve the efficiency of communication among scheduling agents and avoid possible infinite loops, we suggest a look-ahead load balancing model which supports to monitor participating agents and to analyze the status of the agents. To build the look-ahead load balancing model, the status of participating agents should be monitored. Most of all, the amount of sharing information should be considered. If complete information is collected, updating and maintenance cost of sharing information will be increasing although the frequency of communication will be decreasing. Therefore the level of detail and updating period of sharing information should be decided contingently. By means of this standard coordination mechanism, we can easily model coordination processes of multiple scheduling systems into supply chain. Finally, we apply this mechanism to shipbuilding domain and develop a prototype system which consists of a dock-scheduling agent, four assembly- plant-scheduling agents, and a meta-level coordination agent. A series of experiments using the real world data are used to empirically examine this mechanism. The results of this study show that the effect of agent-based platform on coordinated scheduling is evident in terms of the number of tardy jobs, tardiness, and makespan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.147-168
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• 2015

In this research, we have analyzed the impact factors on the bone mineral density thru the examination of bone density difference in the entire femur, femoral neck and lumbar of adult women before the menopause in accordance with the general features, lifestyle, eating habits, health and body composition. The survey was conducted among adult women before the menopause and older than 30 years based on the data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey carried out in the 4th term (2008-2009) and 5th term (2010-2011) and we would like to provide the research results for the establishment of recommendations or guidelines for the treatment of adult women before the menopause with regard to the impact factors on the bone mineral density and for the development of health education materials for the accurate measurement of bone mineral density of young women in order to prevent the postmenopausal osteoporosis. With respect to the general features of adult women before the menopause, the bone mineral density was higher in the entire femur at age 40-44, femoral neck at 35-39, in high-school education level, in the earlier menarche group, without smoking experiences, with regular walking time and exercise frequency and with the habits of eating no hamburger or pizza. With regard to the body composition, the bone mineral density was higher in obesity and lower in underweight cases, higher among people with abdominal obesity and weight control experiences. In terms of total body fat ratio, total amount of fat and muscle, the bone mineral density got gradually increased from the 1st quarter (Q1) to the 4th quarter(Q4). The obesity, disease, total amount of fat and muscle were shown to be significantly related with the bone mineral density in this research and it is required for young women to keep the adequate weight and the normal BMI in order to increase the bone mineral density. For the prevention of osteoporosis, it is advised to keep the right habits including regular exercise and no smoking discipline from the growing period and achieve the maximum bone mass thru the control of proper weight from a young age.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.411-420
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• 2007

This study was conducted to increase sweetpotato utilization and to determine the vegetative value of sweetpotato tips by investigating the phenolic compounds, antioxidative effect in oil, electron donating ability, nitrite scavenging effect and ACE inhibition activities. The phenolic compounds present in sweetpotato tips are the gallic, chlorogenic, gentisic, caffeic, couramic and ferulic acid, which are 16-122 times higher compared to other vegetables such as spinach, soybean sprout, and perilla leaves. In each solvent extract, the total phenolic compounds(175.8 mg/g) was composed of 55% EtOAc extraction and 39% BuOH extract, respectively. The results of induction period using the Rancimat method showed that the antioxidant activity of SP tips was higher than the tocopherol or BHT. The relative levels of each solvent extract in SP tips were as follows: EtOAc>BHT>BuOH>Tocopherol>Water>$CHCl_3$>Hexane. The peroxide value was measured every 5 days for 25 days during storage and results showed that the peroxide value, the tips, tuberous root and tocopherol were lower compared to spinach, soybean sprout and perilla leaves. Nitrite scavenging effects were excellent in sweetpotato tips, perilla leaves and soybean sprout, especially, inhibition rate of perilla leaves(72%) were superior to the others. In process of solvent extraction, activity of BuOH and water extractions were the best. ACE inhibition activity in sweetpotato tips was 1.5 times higher than in tuberous roots and $1.9{\sim}3.7$ times higher than in spinach, soybean sprout, perilla leaves.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to discuss the ways to evaluate the effectiveness of storage sections of the round bale silage of fresh rice straw (RS). This study evaluated, the changes of the fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of the different sectors of the RS after a certain period; a month later after the bailing, samples of three different RS (bale one, bale two, and bale three) were taken according to the three different sectors (top, center, and the bottom) of the bale. According to the findings of this study there was no significant difference in the RS's chemical composition content among the different sectors (top, center, or the bottom) of the bale. The possible reason for this is believed that on the basis of different sectors of the bale, the moisture (the water soluble nutrient) movement didn't occur and was locked in and couldn't escape, because the dry matter content of the rice straw was as high as $70\%$. After immediately harvesting the paddies, using the fresh rice straw to produce RS at the same time when the dry matter content is in between $26{\sim}40\%$, the chemical composition was found to be of a good quality. Accordingly, it is recommended that when the dry matter content is in between $35{\sim}45\%$, in order to produce RS with the fine chemical composition of 'Yonchon' region, bailing should be done simultaneously with the harvesting of paddies, before the first frost appears.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.39-60
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• 2008

This paper deals with the four aspects of the acquisition, construction and common use of modern and post-modern document DB in the NAK, NIKH, and AKS. First, The concept of Korean regional history includes provincial history, local history and regional history and as far as modern and post-modern history is concerned, the concept of regional history is on expansion. Second, National Archives of Korea has been systematically collecting and managing modern and post-modern regional history records in compliance to Public Institutes Records Management Law, enacted in 1999 and currently is in charge of handling public records of 373 central government administration offices, 514 regional government offices, Office of Education, universities and of other public agencies. National Institute of Korean History is working on a ten year project from 2004 to collect the scattered modern and post-modern regional history records and to classify them regionally and thematically. The Academy of Korean Studies has been collecting modern and post-modern regional history records and collection was initiated by Modern History Research. Those records that are collected from 1997 and 2005 are mainly from the liberation period. Third, characteristics of Central Archives Management System and Nara Records Portal System of NAK, Korean History Database System of NIKH and of The AKS' Korean Provincial Culture Electronic Encyclopedia are elaborated. Fourth, establishing 'Modern and Post-modern Regional History Records Council' as an affiliated organization of National Archives Management Committee is recommended, NAK leading the council and promoting further cooperation. In this section, an emphasis on allotted tasks of three institutes in order to achieve technology development for digitalized resource sharing, to improve on contents and to promote public and international use is placed as well.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.147-176
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• 2011

China is experiencing rapid economic development and the volume of air passengers and cargo transportation has increased significantly in recent years. To the contray, the regulations on liability of air carrier in china fall behind and are not sufficiently applicable in disputes. Their lack of sufficient protection for air passenger's interests became obstructive factor for further developments of Chinese air transportation industry. The legal system of air carrier's liability mainly consists of the contents as followed. The liability period, the scope of liability, amount of compensation for damage, limitation of liability, liability exemption of air carrier, jurisdiction, limitation of action, applicable law etc. Laws and rules concerning these issues are regulated in Civil Aviation Law and regulations published by Civil Aviation Administration of China. This article described the main contents of air carrier's liability and examined the legislative problems in their applications in real cases. In order to solve the legal problems on the air carrier's liability and disputes between wrongdoers and survivors etc, it is necessary and desirable for china to amend revelvant provisions. One of my proposals is to raise the amount of compensation limitation for damage. And I also would like to suggest that Civil Aviation Law should treat international and domestic transportation equally on the limitation of compensation for air carrier's liability. China has also acceded to the Montreal Convention of 1999 on July 31, 2005. This is an effort to make the law of air carriage unified worldwide through various international conventions to achieve conformity between rules of international air carriage and that of Chinese domestic aircarriage. Furthermore, there should be additional detailed implementation rules for air carrier to assume liability for the losses to passengers, baggage or cargoes caused by delays in the air transport. Significant clarifications are also needed for provisions concerning whether and how air carrier assume liability for moral damage caused by accident.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.53-82
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to show the clustering trend and compare empirical results, as well as to choose the clustering ports for 3 Korean ports (Busan, Incheon, and Gwangyang) by using meta-frontier DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) and integer models on 38 Asian container ports over the period 2005-2014. The models consider 4 input variables (birth length, depth, total area, and number of cranes) and 1 output variable (container TEU). The main empirical results of the study are as follows. First, the meta-frontier DEA for Chinese seaports identifies as most efficient ports (in decreasing order) Shanghai, Hongkong, Ningbo, Qingdao, and Guangzhou, while efficient Korean seaports are Busan, Incheon, and Gwangyang. Second, the clustering results of the integer model show that the Busan port should cluster with Dubai, Hongkong, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Ningbo, Qingdao, Singapore, and Kaosiung, while Incheon and Gwangyang should cluster with Shahid Rajaee, Haifa, Khor Fakkan, Tanjung Perak, Osaka, Keelong, and Bangkok ports. Third, clustering through the integer model sharply increases the group efficiency of Incheon (401.84%) and Gwangyang (354.25%), but not that of the Busan port. Fourth, the efficiency ranking comparison between the two models before and after the clustering using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test is matched with the average level of group efficiency (57.88 %) and the technology gap ratio (80.93%). The policy implication of this study is that Korean port policy planners should employ meta-frontier DEA, as well as integer models when clustering is needed among Asian container ports for enhancing the efficiency. In addition Korean seaport managers and port authorities should introduce port development and management plans accounting for the reference and clustered seaports after careful analysis.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

This paper reviews the results of recent observations in the Yeonsuri valley of Mt. Youngmun during springtime (March to May) in 2012. Automated weather stations were installed at twelve sites in the valley to measure temperature and 2, 3 dimensional wind. We examined temporal and spatial characteristics of temperatures and wind data. The Yeonsuri valley springtime average temperature lapse rate between the top and bottom of the entire period is $-0.44^{\circ}C/100$ m. It can be changed by the synoptic weather conditions, the lapse rates is greatest in order of clear days ($-0.48^{\circ}C/100$ m), rainy ($-0.41^{\circ}C/100$ m) and cloudy days ($-0.40^{\circ}C/100$ m). In the night, the temperature inversion layer (thermal belt) and the cold pool are formed within the valley. In addition, we measured temperature and wind distribution from the bottom to 3.5 m, the cold layers existed up to 1.5 m, which were affected by ground mixed layer. The results will provide useful guidance on agricultural practices as well as model simulations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1093-1101
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• 2000

The object of this study was to develop new BNR process using fixed-biofilm which could be applied to retrofit the existing wastewater treatment plant or to introduce as tertiary treatment plant. To achieve complete denitrification from typical raw sewage in Korea, external carbon source must be supplied because $SCOD_{cr}/T-N(NH_4{^+}-N+NOx-N)$of raw sewage was lower than other countries. In this study, the ratio of $SCOD_{cr}/NH_4{^+}-N$ was 2.49 and the influent $NH_4{^+}$-N concentration during the experimental period was varied from 25 to 37 mg/L. To enhance nitrogen removal from the sewage, the two processes using fixed biofilm were adopted as R-Hanoxic/mid.settler/aerobic/anoxic/ aerobic) and R-2(aerobic/mid.settlerlanoxic/anoxic/aerobic), respectively. In the comparison of $NH_4{^+}$-N, T-N effluent quality and T-N removal efficiency in both processes without external carbon source, R-1 process was better than R-2 process for nitrogen removal from raw sewage. With respect to $SCOD_{cr}$/NOx-N ratio and total nitrogen removal in each anoxic reactor of two processes, R-1's was more effective than R-2's for distributing organic matters of raw sewage. In the both processes using fixed biofilm, the amount of required alkalinity to remove unit $NH_4{^+}$-N were 5.18 and 5.76($g{\cdot}CaCO_3/g{\cdot}NH_4{^+}-N_{removed}$), respectively and were lower than activated sludge BNR process(7.14).