• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.523-534
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate the effect of heat curing methods on the temperature history and strength development of slab concrete exposed to $-10^{\circ}C$. The goal was to determine proper heat curing methods for the protection of nuclear power plant structures against early-age frost damage under adverse (cold) conditions. Two types of methods were studied: heat insulation alone and in combination with a heating cable. For heat curing with heat insulation alone, either sawdust or a double layer bubble sheet (2-BS) was applied. For curing with a combination of heat insulation and a heating cable, an embedded heating cable was used with either a sawdust cover, a 2-BS cover, or a quadruple layer bubble sheet (4-BS) cover. Seven different slab specimens with dimensions of $1200{\times}600{\times}200$ mm and a design strength of 27 MPa were fabricated and cured at $-10^{\circ}C$ for 7 d. The application of sawdust and 2-BS allowed the concrete temperature to fall below $0^{\circ}C$ within 40 h after exposure to $-10^{\circ}C$, and then, the temperature dropped to $-10^{\circ}C$ and remained there for 7 d owing to insufficient thermal resistance. However, the combination of a heating cable plus sawdust or 2-BS maintained the concrete temperature around $5^{\circ}C$ for 7 d. Moreover, the combination of the heating cable and 4-BS maintained the concrete temperature around $10^{\circ}C$ for 7 d. This was due to the continuous heat supply from the heating cable and the prevention of heat loss by the 4-BS. For maturity development, which is an index of early-age frost damage, the application of heat insulation materials alone did not allow the concrete to meet the minimum maturity required to protect against early-age frost damage after 7 d, owing to poor thermal resistance. However, the combination of the heating cable and the heat insulating materials allowed the concrete to attain the minimum maturity level after just 3 d. In the case of strength development, the heat insulation materials alone were insufficient to achieve the minimum 7-d strength required to prevent early-age frost damage. However, the combination of a heating cable and heat insulating materials met both the minimum 7-d strength and the 28-d design strength owing to the heat supply and thermal resistance. Therefore, it is believed that by combining a heating cable and 4-BS, concrete exposed to $-10^{\circ}C$ can be effectively protected from early-age frost damage and can attain the required 28-d compressive strength.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1733-1743
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• 2022

Objective: This study was aimed to explore the efficacy of combination of endo-xylanase (Xyn) and xylan-debranching enzymes (arabinofuranosidase, Afd and feruloyl esterase, FE) in improving utilization of bran in piglet diet. Methods: In vitro experiments were firstly conducted to examine the enzymological properties of Xyn, Afd, and FE, concurrent with their effect on degradation of arabinoxylan (Abx) in bran. In vivo experiment was then implemented by allocating two hundred and seventy 35-d-old postweaning piglets into 3 groups (6 replicates/group), which received bran-containing diet supplemented with Xyn (1,600 U/kg) or its combination with Afd (0.8 U/kg) and FE (4 U/kg) or without enzyme. Results: Both Xyn, Afd, and FE are relatively stable against the changes in temperature and pH value. Combining Xyn with Afd and FE had a superiority (p<0.05) over Xyn alone and its combination with Afd or FE in promoting (p<0.05) degradation of Abx in different brans. Combined treatment with Xyn, Afd, and FE was more beneficial than Xyn alone to induce increasing trends (p<0.10) of average daily gain, final body weight and feed efficiency of piglets fed bran-containing diet. Moreover, combination of Xyn, Afd, and FE showed advantages (p<0.05) over Xyn alone in causing reductions (p<0.05) in diarrhea rate and cecal pH value, concurrent with increases (p<0.05) in cecal and colonic acetic acid and total volatile fatty acid concentrations, as well as cecal butyric acid concentration of piglets fed bran-containing diet. Conclusion: Combining Xyn with Afd and FE was more beneficial than Xyn alone in promoting degradation of Abx in bran, along with growth performance and intestinal volatile fatty acid profile of piglets received bran-containing diet. Thereby, combination of Xyn, Afd, and FE had a superior efficacy relative to Xyn alone in improving application of cereal bran in piglet diet.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.2023-2028
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• 2004

This paper reveals the utilization of the multi-gent system that based on the Blackboard system basis as the controller of Soccer Robot. This system is a portion of developing the Soccer Robot team for Robocup 2004 Competition. In this development, the intelligent control system was initiated by the combination of parallel and distributed blackboard structures with the principle design that generated from human body structures, which consists of the combination of two main systems, the organs system and the brain system. The system is designed using the control system theory based on Blackboard basis. Modification of the initial structures to corroborate the Soccer Robot and the structure's constituents are clarified accordingly. To demonstrate the idea, ITE-old team is given as a case study.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.895-896
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• 2008

We propose a adaptive combination of affine projection algorithm (APA) filters with different update interval. Two APA filters with different update interval are adapted independently in order to keep the advantages of both component filters. This novel scheme provides improvement of performance in term of the convergence rate and the steady-state error. Experimental results show good properties of the proposed algorithm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.428-432
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• 2003

The technical combination of RP and RT has a potential for rapid manufacturing of three-dimensional parts. In the present work a new RP system, $VLM-_{ST}$, is proposed to manufacture net shapes of 3D prototypes. ㅁ human head shape and a kob shape are manufactured by the $VLM-_{ST}$ apparatus. In addition, a new RT technology, which utilizes a RTV molding technique and a triple reverse process technique, is proposed to manufacture net shapes of 3D plastic parts using prototypes of $VLM-_{ST}$. A plastic part of the knob shape os produced by the proposed RT technology. The combination of the proposed RP and RT enables the manufacturing of a plastic knob within two days.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.96-99
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• 2006

In this study, we have attempted to determine the optimum concentration of inducers responsible for efficient laccase production by the white-rot fungus, Trametes sp. Variations in laccase activity were investigated with changing concentrations of 2,5-xylidine, syringaldazine, ABTS, and guaiacol. Enhancement of peak laccase activity was achieved via the combination of 2,5-xylidine with ABTS, syringaldazine, or guaiacol, resulting in increases of up to 359, 313, and 340%, respectively, as compared to control values. Among the tested inducers, the addition of 0.1mM of ABTS coupled with 1.0mM of 2,5-xylidine in the medium after 24 h of cultivation proved optimal with regard to laccase enzyme production.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.spc1
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• pp.481-486
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• 2005

This paper introduces a numerical method for integration of the linear and nonlinear differential dynamic equation of motion. The variation of acceleration in two time steps is approximated as a combination of both trigonometric cosine and hyperbolic cosine functions with weighted coefficient. From which all necessary formulae are elaborated for the direct integration of the governing equation. A number of linear and nonlinear dynamic problems with various degrees of freedom are analysed using both the suggested method and Newmark method for the comparison. The numerical results show high advantages and effectiveness of the new method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.505-511
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• 2014

The functional role of warehouses in modern industry is changing from an established concept of storage to a concept of circulation. The target of this study is to improve the stacker crane's efficiency for the internal operations of the Automated Storage and Retrieval System (AS/RS). Eight operating schemes are proposed under the combination of three conditions, namely, the storing method, the layout type, and the sequence of command execution. The moving distance of the stacker crane is calculated using the same gateway data through a simulation based on a C# program. The optimal operating scheme is proposed based on the analyzed simulation results. In conclusion, the combination of conditions of random storage, two-way type warehouse, and dual command execution elicits optimum results in travel efficiency for the stacker crane.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.268-273
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a sentiment analysis model that improves performance on small-scale data. A sentiment analysis model for small-scale data is proposed and verified through experiments. To this end, we propose Bagging-Bi-GRU, which combines Bi-GRU, which learns GRU, which is a variant of LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) with excellent performance on sequential data, in both directions and the bagging technique, which is one of the ensembles learning methods. In order to verify the performance of the proposed model, it is applied to small-scale data and large-scale data. And by comparing and analyzing it with the existing machine learning algorithm, Bi-GRU, it shows that the performance of the proposed model is improved not only for small data but also for large data.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.15-25
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• 2019

Purpose - e-Commerce is now one of the alternatives in shopping. Ease of Use and convenience aspects are the main supporting reasons that e-commerce is a trend for most people today. This study examines the relationship between the theory of technology to consumer behavior in using e-commerce applications. Research design, data, and methodology - The number of samples in this study was 600 samples from four major e-commerce made in Indonesia. The research method of this study Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS and SPSS applications as analysis tools. Results - The results of this study state that most hypotheses support prior research and grand theory. On the other hand, the components of technology acceptance theory are mostly able to moderate variable consumer behavior in the digital era. Conclusions - The combination of essential elements of technology theory are oriented to the fundamental aspects of human beings as social beings. The most important thing for the development of the e-commerce industry to develop and be sustainable is the obligation to increase consumer confidence. The combination of components of technology theory and CCT can be a comprehensive marketing strategy and innovation to competitive advantage in the future.