• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.140-146
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• 2014

This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of different housing systems on behavioral activities, welfare and meat quality of fast-growing broilers. Two hundred broilers were allocated into two housing systems: indoor housing vs indoor with outdoor access. Their general behavior (feeding, drinking, fighting, standing, lying, walking, investigating, dust-bathing and preening) was observed, and tonic immobility, fluctuating asymmetry of legs and wings were measured, and meat quality was analyzed. The results showed that the indoor-housed broilers with outdoor access had significant higher standing, walking, investigating, dust-bathing and preening than those indoor only. However, farming system was not found to significantly affect their feeding, drinking and fighting activities (p>0.05). The value of FA of tibia length of the broilers with outdoor access was significantly lower than that of the indoor-housed birds ($1.57{\pm}1.30$ vs $2.76{\pm}1.40$, p<0.05), while no difference was found for the value of FA in tibia diameter and wing length (p>0.05). TI of the broilers with outdoor access was 165.5 that was significantly higher than that (147.2) of the indoor birds (p<0.05). However, death rate in the outdoor run groups was significantly higher than that of the indoor ones ($2.0{\pm}0.81$ vs $4.0{\pm}0.82$, p<0.05). Meat quality was not affected by the two farming systems. It can be concluded that the results of this study may suggest that the indoor housing with outdoor access provides enriched environment for broilers and facilitates the expression of natural behaviors of the broilers but resulted in poorer performance and higher death rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.394-394
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• 2013

The spin-orbit interaction has received great attention in the field of spintronics, because of its property and applicability. For instance, the spin-orbit interaction induces spin precession which is the key element of spin transistor proposed by Datta and Das, since frequency of precession can be controlled by electric field. The spin-orbit interaction is classified according to its origin, Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit interaction. In particular, the Rashba spin-orbit interaction is induced by inversion asymmetry of quantum well structure and the slope of conduction band represents the strength of Rashba spin-orbit interaction. The strength of spin-orbit interaction is experimentally obtained from the Shubnikov de Hass (SdH) oscillation. The SdH oscillation is resistance change of channel for perpendicular magnetic field as a result of Zeeman spin splitting of Landau level, quantization of cyclotron motion by applied magnetic field. The frequency of oscillation is different for spin up and down due to the Rashba spin-orbit interaction. Consequently, the SdH oscillation shows the beat patterns. In many research studies, the spin-orbit interaction was treated as a tool for electrical manipulation of spin. On the other hands, it can be considered that the Rashba field, effective magnetic field induced by Rashba effect, may interact with external magnetic field. In order to investigate this issue, we utilized InAs quantum well layer, sandwiched by InGaAs/InAlAs as cladding layer. Then, the SdH oscillation was observed with tilted magnetic field in y-z plane. The y-component (longitudinal term) of applied magnetic field will interact with the Rashba field and the z-component (perpendicular term) will induce the Zeeman effect. As a result, the strength of spin-orbit interaction was increased (decreased), when applied magnetic field is parallel (anti-parallel) to the Rashba field. We found a possibility to control the spin precession with magnetic field.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.485-496
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• 2017

The behavior of 8 steel reinforced high-strength concrete (SRHSC) columns, which comprised of four identical columns with cross-shaped steel and other four identical columns with square steel tube, was investigated experimentally under cyclic uniaxial and biaxial loading independently. The influence of steel configuration and loading path on the global behavior of SRHSC columns in terms of failure process, hysteretic characteristics, stiffness degradation and ductility were investigated and discussed, as well as stress level of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars and steel. The research results indicate that with a same steel ratio deformation capacity of steel reinforced concrete columns with a square steel tube is better than the one with a cross-shaped steel. Loading path affects hysteretic characteristics of the specimens significantly. Under asymmetrical loading path, hysteretic characteristics of the specimens are also asymmetry. Compared with specimens under unidirectional loading, specimens subjected to bidirectional loading have poor carrying capacity, fast stiffness degradation, small yielding displacement, poor ductility and small ultimate failure drift. It also demonstrates that loading paths affect the deformation capacity or deformation performance significantly. Longitudinal reinforcement yielding occurs before the peak load is attained, while steel yielding occurs at the peak load. During later displacement loading, strain of longitudinal and transverse reinforcing bars and steel of specimens under biaxial loading increased faster than those of specimens subjected to unidirectional loading. Therefore, the bidirectional loading path has great influence on the seismic performance such as carrying capacity and deformation performance, which should be paid more attentions in structure design.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.406-409
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• 2012

The classical electromagnetically-induced transparency(EIT)-like switching in metamaterial was experimentally and theoretically demonstrated in the microwave-frequency region. The metamaterial unit cell consists of two identical split-ring resonators, which are arranged on both sides of a dielectric substrate with asymmetry. It is found that the classical EIT-like switching can be achieved by changing the polarization of the incident electromagnetic wave. The results of this study are promising for practical applications.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2017

To recover the capital market's confidence, interest in accounting ethics education has increased recently. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a simple classroom games for moral hazard problem and to analyze the results. This case study introduces the classroom games in which well-known experiment of principal-agent dilemma in experimental economics implemented accounting ethics education. This paper suggests that game lesson is effective and efficient way to understanding moral hazard problem. During the games, cause and effect of players' decision making react upon each other. This paper contributes to generating further discussion on accounting ethics education and providing practical implication.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.335-346
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• 2019

Thick plate forming is presented to manufacture a large and curved member of steam turbine diaphragm. Due to three-dimensional asymmetry of target geometry, it is hard to consistently keep the blank position in die cavity between forming punch and die. In order to relieve the position instability of the blank during the thick plate forming, a blank support structure is proposed to be composed of guide pins and linear bearing, and blank guide arm enlarged from both longitudinal ends of the thick blank. In this study, parametric investigations with regard to the geometric position and width of the blank guide arm are carried out. As main geometric parameters, 2 positions such as maximum curvature region and minimum one on a curved cross-section profile of the target shape are selected, and 14 widths of the blank guide arm are considered. Using 28 variable combinations, three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed to predict the appropriate range of the process parameters. The compatibility and validity of the blank support structure with the blank guide arm for the thick plate forming is verified through the thick plate forming experiments.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.123-137
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• 2014

Since the global financial crisis, funding for startups or ventures has been diminished seriously. In this situation, crowd-funding has attracted worldwide attention as a viable means to financing startups/ventures. After reviewing existing laws in other countries, this study investigated the current status of crowd-funding legalization in Korea and surveyed requirements from three groups of participants to crowd-funding. Investors already recognized the high risk of crowd-funding into startups and asked for the protection of their investment. But, their priorities were on the enlargement of tax benefits and the establishment of a trading market for selling their equity. In addition, investors wanted to shorten the compulsory holding period. Issuers as fund raisers hoped fast legalization, convenient process of crowd-funding, and expansion of government support. Crowd-funding platform operators requested policies for establishing paths to become new growth companies from startups, tax benefits, and the setup of separate fund for startups. Currently, the National Assembly in Korea is holding the discussion on the submitted law. For desirable outcomes to all participants, it would be better to proceed in the following sequence. First, legalize the crowd-funding with clauses protecting investors; Second, encourage investment through tax benefits; Third, develop communities among participants for reducing information asymmetry; And fourth, establish diverse trading markets for selling equities of startups.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.19-27
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• 2011

In case of constructing submerged breakwaters for the purpose of preventing coastal erosion, the number of submerged breakwaters, as well as their asymmetry is dependent on the field conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine the 3-D hydrodynamic characteristics (3-D wave field, wave height, mean water level, and mean flow) around the asymmetric submerged breakwaters using a 3-D numerical model, LES-WASS-3D, which was validated through a comparison with existing experimental data and showed fairly nice agreement. From the numerical results, the wave height, mean water level, and mean flow are discussed in relation with the variation in the breakwater length ratio.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1960-1966
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• 2014

The rotor overhang is used to enhance the air-gap flux and improve the power density. Due to the asymmetry in the axial direction caused by the overhang, a time consuming 3D analysis is necessary when designing a motor with overhang. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an equivalent magnetic circuit model (EMCM) which takes account overhang effects without a 3D analysis by using effective air-gap length. The analysis time can be reduced significantly via the proposed EMCM. A reduction in the analysis time is essential for a preliminary design of a motor. In order to verify the proposed model, a 3-D finite-element method (FEM) analysis is adopted. 3-D FEM results confirm the validity of the proposed EMCM.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.179-187
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate the effects of market commonality and resource similarity on price competition and the recursive consequences in the Korean lodging market. Price comparison among hotels in the same geographic market has been facilitated through the development of information technology, rendering little search cost of consumers. While the literature implies the heterogeneous price attack and response among hotels, a limited number of empirical researches focus on the asymmetric and recursive pattern in the competitive dynamics. This study empirically examines the price interactions in the Korean lodging market based on the theoretical framework of competitive price interactions and countervailing power. Demonstrating superiority to the spatial lag model and the ordinary least squares in the estimation, the results from spatial error model suggest that the hotels with longer operational history pose an asymmetric impact on the price of the newer hotels. The asymmetry is also found in chain hotels over the independent, further implying the possibility of predatory pricing. The findings of this study provide the evidence of a hierarchical structure in the price competition, with different countervailing power by the resources of the hotels. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed, with suggestions for future study.