• 기술혁신연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.211-238
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• 2017

본 연구는 혁신주체 간 협력이 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 사회네트워크분석 및 분산분석 그리고 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 2009년부터 2012년까지 한국 특허청의 공동 출원인 자료를 토대로 네트워크 구조 변수 및 특성 변수를 도출하였다. 이를 통해 전체 네트워크의 구조적 유형, 혁신주체 별 역할 그리고 혁신 성과에 영향을 미치는 네트워크 특성 변수가 무엇인지를 실증 분석하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 특허 공동출원인 네트워크는 비교적 소규모 그룹들이 산재해 있는 분산집중형 좁은세상 네트워크 구조이며 혁신주체들이 비교적 느슨하게 연결되어 있었다. 둘째, 특허 공동출원인 네트워크에서 가장 중심적인 역할을 하는 것은 대학교로 밝혀졌으나 협력 파트너의 다양성은 모든 혁신주체가 비슷하였다. 셋째, 익숙한 몇몇 협력 파트너로부터 얻는 신속하고 정확성이 높은 지식이 다양한 분야의 협력 파트너로부터 얻는 생소한 지식보다 성과를 창출하는 데에 보다 긍정적이었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.130-144
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• 2008

A recent concern about Goguryeo era reflects the efforts to find out our spiritual roots, which have descended from the ancient times; Goguryeo clothing study leads to analysis of our national spirit in terms of form. This study aims to analyze formal property and intrinsic meaning of Goguryeo clothing for Korean ramie clothing design and draw traditional images to derive design elements applicable to ramie clothing. On the basis of technical books, newspaper article, internet and precedent studies, theoretical study on Goguryeo clothing and ramie property was followed up with positive study to analyze the clothing on the Goguryeo ancient tomb mural. The results are as follows: First, a progressive spirit is to progress and develop anything actively; This spirit represents Goguryeo people's ambition and racial characteristic as horse-riding people; The rigidity of ramie fabric is suitable for expressing straight silhouettes and detail in Goguryeo dress. Second, a fluidity means flowing property in opposition to fixation; in the case of clothing, it has a tendency to change form according to body motions; The extensibility and crease-resistance of ramie fabric is suitable to express pleated skirts and holds high design value for modern people who tend to regard clothing as important individuality expression. Third, a universal property to introduce and receive; as Goguryeo was a prosperous country established by conquering an open plain, the period formed a society that recognized diversity by introducing foreign cultures freely; a universality suggests the direction of modernization of traditional ramie clothing and stimulates us to discovert new design through compromise between various cultures rather than to stick to traditional style. Considering the fact that precedent studies on traditional clothing are concentrated upon the Joseon period and also limited to formal analysis, this study aims to derive design elements for actual clothing making. These results are expected to be used as basic material for study as well as reference for designers who wish to design modern Korean clothing.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities perceived by undergraduate nursing students. Methods: Researchers developed two tools for this study after reviewing the related literature and conducting research team workshops: questionnaire of cultural competency and the importance of nurses' qualities. 200 nursing students were recruited in convenient sampling to respond to these questionnaires. Of nurses' 10 qualities, major affecting factors on the cultural competency were identified by stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: The nursing students perceived technical nursing skills and professional nursing knowledge as nurses' most important qualities. However, 'having a passion for patient care', 'demonstrating strong nursing profession's code of ethics' and 'teaching and research ability' were found as significant influencing factors on the variance of the cultural competency. These three factors explained 16% of the total variances of the cultural competency (F=13.98, p<.001). Conclusion: The educational strategies to improve cultural nursing competency need to incorporate students' expectations for the professional nurses' roles. Also, further studies need to develop reliable and valid measurement tools for cultural competency.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제12권
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• pp.615-641
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• 1999

Trade and the environment emerged as a major and complex issue for trade negotiators in the final stages of the Uruguay Round negotiations. The agreements and other international measures employing trade measures and trade sanctions for achieving global environmental objectives are Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer(1985), the Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer(1987), The Framework Convention on Climate Change(1992), the Convention on Biological Diversity(1992), the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste and their Disposal(1992), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Faunna and Flora(1975), the Rio Declaration, the Agenda 21, etc. The texts of the World Trade Organization(WTO) incorporated certain provisions which were designed to reflect some of the environmental concerns are Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Properity Rights(TRIPs), Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs), the General Agreement on Trade in Services(GATS), and Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT) There is the possibility of conflict between multilateral environmental agreements and WTO agreements granting waivers against trade measures and sanctions. This remains a possibility, especially between countries which are Member of WTO and which are not Members of the relevant multilateral environment agreements, and countries which are Members of both the WTO and the relevant MEAs. Measures taken under the trade-related provisions of MEAs could potentially give rise to conflicts under obligations arising in WTO texts. If the parties in dispute are WTO members while they are not members of MEAs, the WTO provisions can be granted a certain priority in terms of international norms and vice versa. When the parties concerned are both WTO members and MEAs, it will be rational to grant the WTO provisions a priority. However, such measures should neither constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where similar conditions prevail, nor create a disguised restriction on trade. Also any trade measures taken should be necessary to prevent developments in trade from endangering the effectiveness of an MEA and they should be proportional and least trade restrictive.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

Ground-level ozone ($O_3$) can be a menace for vegetation, especially in Asia where $O_3$ levels have been dramatically increased over the past decades. To ensure food security and maintain forest ecosystem services, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and functional diversity of soil biota, in the over-populated Asia, environmental standards are needed. To set proper standards, dose-response relationships should be established from which critical levels are derived. The predictor of the response in the dose-response relationship is an $O_3$ metric that indicates the dose level to which the plant has been exposed. This study aimed to review the relevant scientific literature and summarize the $O_3$ metrics used worldwide to provide insights for Asia. A variety of $O_3$ metrics have been used, for which we discuss their strengths and weaknesses. The most widely used metrics are based only on $O_3$ levels. Such metrics have been adopted by several regulatory agencies in the global. However, they are biologically irrelevant because they ignore the plant physiological capacity. Adopting AOT40 ($O_3$ mixing ratios Accumulated Over the Threshold of $40nmol\;mol^{-1}$) as the default index for setting critical levels in Asia would be a poor policy with severe consequences at national and Pan-Asian level. Asian studies should focus on flux-based $O_3$ metrics to provide relevant bases for developing proper standards. However, given the technical requirements in calculating flux-based $O_3$ metrics, which can be an important limitation in developing countries, no-threshold cumulative exposure indices like AOT0 should always accompany flux-based indices.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2013

As facilities performing the production, processing, preservation, and shipment of agricultural products; agricultural facilities are categorized into planting facilities and livestock facilities based on the management target. Agricultural facilities are set in farmlands, and facility users mainly complain about the legal or institutional restrictions on farm rather than their own facilities itself. From 2009 to 2012, the Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) published the "Casebook of farmer Complaints on Farmlands" in order to help answer farmers' questions and support public workers' workloads. However, contents related to agricultural facility installed in farmland are currently not dealt with in particular. Among agricultural facilities, demands of property rights with livestock facilities have risen due to construction permissions, operational restrictions, and high initial investment costs; and relevant laws were revised and are now being executed. However, for planting facilities such as mushroom facilities, ginseng facilities, and greenhouses; farmer complaints related to property rights are constantly increasing because revisions to relevant laws are not being made despite the rising diversity of construction materials through technical developments as well as the rising scale of assets-i.e. mechanization, automation, and the application of New Regeneration Energies according to capital influx. In this study, the current state of relevant agricultural facility legislation were organized and their drawbacks deduced in order to propose improvements of Agricultural Facility Legislation. The result of interviewing with public workers and farmers show that agricultural facilities should be regarded as extensions of farmlands rather than as facilities built in land where development actions were being taken. Alternatives able to reflect these opinions were suggested through expert consultation.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop the evaluation indicator for the health promotion programs of the Community Health Centers and to test its validity. The modified logic model was used as the evaluation model based on the literature reviews. Using this model, four dimensions, eleven sub­dimensions, and forty­one individual indicators were developed. These evaluation indicators are superior in reflecting the distinctiveness of the community health promotion programs, and also flexible enough to accommodate diverse programs. These indicators also emphasize the role of process evaluation, and the diversity of outcomes. To test content validity, survey method of experts in the community health promotion field was conducted. Eleven in three expert groups(professionals, practitioners in Community Health Centers, and policy makers) generally agreed with the validity of evaluation indicators. To examine criteria and construct validity, these indicators were used to evaluate the health promotion programs conducted by the 18 Key Community Health Centers. The data came from the interview surveys of the main health promotion practitioner and 30 visitors from each center. The ranks of these eighteen Community Health Centers were computed from these data. There was no significant difference in ranking either by these indicators or by the existing indicators, which was developed by Technical Support and Evaluation Team for criteria validity. There was no statistically significant difference in ranking between input, process and outcome dimensions. Based on these study results, evaluation indicators developed in this study are valid to evaluate Community Health Center's health promotion program. It can be used both by the Community Health Center for internal evaluation, and by the stakeholders for external evaluation.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.99-115
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• 2000

This study was conducted to get a resonable set of budget allocation to public health programs. Matrix Delphi technique was used to obtain the logic of study results and eventually to form a human model which could predict opinion of professionals on budget allocation. Thirty-two professionals in academic and governmental area responded to Delphi survey. Questionnaire was developed using matrix formation, and the matrix was formed by 6 decision criteria on budget allocation and 26 public health programs. The decision criteria are as following: size of problem(morbidity), severity of problem, social equity, importance of prevention, technical feasibility and efficiency of programs. Severity of problem dropped out of the model because it had significant correlation with the size of problem. A total score of each program was obtained by weighting the relative importance of each criteria which also were given by survey respondents. These total scores indicate that the most important public health program is vaccination for infants and children in terms of budget allocation. Monitoring communicable diseases, mental health program, and anti-smoking program are the next. In addition, respondents were asked of the desirable budget size of each program. The result was rearranged by multiple regression model using the scores of each decision criteria. In this process, the current budget size of central government was provided to the respondents, and included in the model. h set of desirable budgets modified using tile model was obtained. Considering the current size of budget, tile results of the model is very different from that of the total score. Managing dementia is ranked the first. Health promotion program for the elderly, rehabilitation of the disabled and monitoring communicable diseases are the next. The need to increase the budget of vaccination for the infants and children was not found as so high. The matrix structure in Delphi survey gave us the precise basis to make optimal decision, and made it possible to develop an opinion predicting model. However the plentifulness and diversity of professional opinions were not fully obtained due to the limited number of decision criteria.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.600-615
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• 2009

$21^{st}$ century post digital society orients co-existence, fusion, and blurring boundary than conflict, differentiation, and boundary, and makes a try liberal combination of various different objects. Furthermore, radical development of science and digital equipments offer technical possibility that could combine various fields. Hence, many different departments demolish their boundary, and combine for development of multi-functional and complex shape's products. For job-nomads, fashion attempts to combine with architecture, furniture, daily necessities, and digital equipments spontaneously. This paper aims at consideration about the blurring phenomena expressed in complex fashion space of $21^{st}$ century throughout empirical fashion photographs analysis, which show combination among fashion and various different fields. Blurring boundary phenomena of complex fashion space are classified with 4 parts as follows as: 1) furniturizing, 2) wearable dwelling, 3) lumiduct, 4) becoming fashion. Each parts are examined 8 aesthetical characteristics such as movement and lightness, hyper-link and openness, immateriality and inter-activeness, and diversity and ambiguity. $21^{st}$ century fashion has changed more simple and light, and creates new form throughout combination with many other fields, and enlarges its function and sphere. I think this paper would help certificating practical use of fashion space as multiple and complex space, and makes contribution to forecast about fashion development of the future and offer inspiration about creative and innovative fashion design.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2002년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.132-135
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• 2002

무선 통신 기술 분야에서 미래 지향적인 기술로 부각되고 있는 SDR(Software Defined Radio) 기술은 모든 하드웨어 중심적인 기존의 무선 통신 기기를 바꾸어 놓을 것으로 예상된다. SDR은 소프트웨어로 무선 장비의 사용 주파수, 변조 방식, 부가 서비스, 출력, 수신 감도 등 같은 무선 파라메타가 제어되는 기기이다. 전 세계적으로 이 기술에 의한 장비들이 개발, 보급되고 있는 이 시점에서 국내 도입에 있어서 단순히 기기의 수입을 통한 사용뿐만 아니라 앞으로 국내 생산업체의 기기 제조, 소프트웨어 개발, 제공 서비스 향상 등이 이루어 질 것이 전망된다. 그러나 향후 SDR의 보급과 사용자의 서비스 선택에 있어서 기기 간의 서비스 제공 방식의 경쟁적이고 독자적인 개발로 인해 경제적이고 효율적인 사용을 저해하는 요소가 불가피하게 발생될 것이 예상된다. 이에 따라 국내에서의 SDR 제공 서비스의 기술 표준을 마련하여 생산업체와 사용자의 편의를 도모하여야 할 것이다. 이에 따라 기본적으로 표준화되어야 할 요소들에 관하여 고찰하였다.