• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2009

Many radiopharmaceuticals have been developed and wildy used in the imaging cardiac function. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is a well established noninvasive method of assessing coronary blood flow and has been widely used in patients diagnosed or suspected with coronary artery diseases. The innovation of radiopharmaceuticals used in the cardiac imaging is one of the most important contributors to the development of nuclear cardiology. Thallium-201 and various technetium-99m agents have been globally used for myocardial perfusion SPEG, and N-13 ammonia (13NH3), rubidium-82 (82Rb), 0-15 water (H2150) for myocardial perfusion PET. As well as the cardiac perfusion studies, new radiopharmaceuticals that visualize fat metabolism or receptors of the sympathetic nervous system have successfully been applied to clinical practice. Useful information can be obtained for diagnosing coronary artery disease, evaluating patients' condition, or assessing therapeutic effects. In this review, we describe the characteristics and clinical usefulness of radiopharmaceuticals used for cardiac SPEG and PET.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.286-292
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• 1990

Iliopelvic lymphoscintigraphy was performed to visualize the changes of the lymphatic system using Technetium-99m antimony sulfide colloid in carcinoma of uterine cervix. There were no differences between various indices and clinical stages, but comparison with computed tomographic and postoperative findings, there was meaningful difference in index of decrease and increase, respectively. And lymphoscintigraphy showed by pass way of lymphatic channel in 42 cases (16%) and this suggested the presence of normal shunts of lymphatic channels. Iliopelvic lymphoscintigraphy may be useful for evaluation of lymphatic system in carcinoma of uterine cervix, expecially for screening method.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.293-298
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• 1990

We performed 17 intraarterial scintigraphies in six patients with recurrent cervix cancer. With Seldinger method, the agent (four different radiopharmaceuticals) was perfused at the same speed of infusion of anticancer drugs (25 cc/hour) through internal iliac artery. There were four different radiopharmaceuticals; I-131-Lipiodol, Tc (Technetium)-99m-HSa (Human Serum Albumin), $^{99m}Tc-Sucralfate$ and $^{99m}Tc-MAA$ (Macroaggraegated Albumin). We evaluate the distribution pattern of radioactivity by the use of ratio of Tumor/Extratumor uptake (T/ET ratio). Our results reveals that $^{99m}Tc-MAA$ scan showed the highest T/ET ratio and the other were not ideal agents for intraarterial therapy of recurrent cervix cancer. In conclusion, an ideal radioisotope and tracer which can block capillary, for example MAA, should be re-evaluated or produced in order to treat the patient with recurrent cervix cancer.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.379-381
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• 1996

Tc-99m-MIBI는 비특이적 반응으로 양성 비종양성 질환의 일종인 활동성 폐결핵에 섭취가 증가되며, 이의 치료 후 추적 관찰에도 유용할 것으로 생각된다. 특히 만성 폐결핵 환자에 있어 방사선학적으로나 객담검사는 음성이었으나 재발이 의심될 때, tuberculin skin test 상 양성이나 단순 흉부 검사상 확실치 않을 때 유용하게 이용되리라 사료된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.391-394
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• 2005

N-(3-bromo-2,4,6-trimethylacetanilide)iminodiacetic acid (BrTIDA) was synthesized using nitrilotriacetic anhydride prepared in situ, and lyophilized vials were prepared which contained 20 mg of BrTIDA and 0.4 mg of $SnCl_2$. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the in-house prepared lyophilized kit, a technetium-99m complex of BrTIDA was prepared; its in vivo pharmacokinetic behavior was evaluated via animal studies to assess the hepatocytic function and the functional status of the cystic duct and the gallbladder. Serial static image scans of rabbits and the biodistribution in mice injected with $^{99m}Tc-BrTIDA$ revealed that none of the tissues except for the hepatobiliary system showed radioactivity concentrations, and a rapid clearance from the organs was observed. In conclusion, a lyophilized kit and its prepared $^{99m}Tc-BrTIDA$ can be applied as a hepatobiliary imaging agent for the evaluation of the functional status of the hepatocytes and the patency of the biliary duct.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

The activities per volume of $^{188}Re$ and $^{99m}Tc$ from their generators are dependent on the specific activity of their mother nuclides $^{188}W$ and $^{99}Mo$ respectively. After a particular lapse of time, the eluted RI activity is exponentially reduced and thus cannot satisfy the needs of clinical application. The purpose of this study is to develop a $^{188}Re$ and $^{99m}Tc$ concentration device with a compact size that can extend the period of use as well as conveniently concentrate the RI. We designed the concentration module by including two-different check valves that do not required any manual on-off operations. In these concentration process, cation exchange resin embedded with Ag and anion exchange resins were used. After completing the concentrating step, the recovering yield was identified to be more than 93% for $^{188}Re$ generators and 88% for $^{99m}Tc$ generators. Moreover, all these procedures were done within 5 min.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2019

Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain, and nephritis. Gastrointestinal involvement can manifest as pain, intussusception, intestinal bleeding, and intestinal perforation. We report a case of fulminant HSP at an age of eight in 1994, with multiple complications of intra-thoracic bleeding, massive intestinal perforation, nephritis, and various skin rashes. The brisk bleeding findings of intestinal on Technetium-99m-labeled red blood cell scan ($^{99m}Tc$ RBC scan) were well matched to those of the emergency laparotomy and the resected intestine. The patient's abdominal conditions improved gradually but nodular skin eruptions developed newly apart from improving preexisting lower limb rashes and the urine findings continued abnormal, so skin and kidney biopsy were done for the diagnosis. After cyclosporine therapy, skin eruptions and urine findings returned to normal gradually. On a follow-up after 25 years in 2019, the patient is 33-year-old, healthy without any abnormality on blood chemistries and urine examination.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.248-253
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• 2023

Directly, it is not possible to measure the absorbed dose of radiopharmaceuticals in the organs of the human body. Therefore, simulation methods are utilized to estimate the dose in distinct organs. In this study, individual organs were separately considered as the source organ or target organ to calculate the mean absorption dose, which SAF and S factors were then calculated according to the target uptake via MIRD method. Here, ^99mTc activity distribution within the target was analyzed using the definition and simulation of ideal organs by summing the fraction of cumulative activities of the heart as source organ. Thus, GATE code was utilized to simulate the Zubal humanoid phantom. To validate the outcomes in comparison to the similar results reported, the accumulation of activity in the main organs of the body was calculated at the moment of injection and cardiac rest condition after 60 min of injection. The results showed the highest dose absorbed into pancreas was about 21%, then gallbladder 18%, kidney 16%, spleen 15%, heart 8%, liver 8%, thyroid 7%, lungs 5% and brain 2%, respectively, after 1 h of injection. This distinct simulation model may also be used for different periods after injection and modifying the prescribed dose.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1863-1870
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• 2023

Molybdenum-99 (⁹⁹Mo) is used for preparing Technetium-99 m (^99mTc), which is the most widely used isotope in nuclear medicine. In this work, a study for ⁹⁹Mo production based on a high-power electron accelerator has been performed as an alternative approach to produce ^99mTc. In this study, Monte Carlo MCNPX2.6 code has been used to examine a novel idea of simultaneous hybrid production of ⁹⁹Mo via both photoneutron and neutron capture reactions using an electron accelerator in heavy water tank. It is expected that this conceptual design including an arrangement of metallic plates of ¹⁰⁰Mo and ⁹⁸Mo produces total activity of 97.5 Ci at the end of 20-h continuous e-beam irradiation (30 MeV, 10 mA).

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2015

몰리브덴-99의 붕괴에 의해 생산되는 테크네튬-99m 은 방사선 진단에 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 몰리브덴-99 는 주로 우라늄-235의 핵분열에 의해 생산되고 있으며, 이를 위해 고농축 우라늄 표적 또는 저농축 우라늄 표적이 연구로에서 조사된다. 현재는 고농축 우라늄의 사용에 따른 핵확산 문제를 저감하기 위해 저농축 우라늄 표적의 사용이 권장되고 있다. 본 연구는 몰리브덴-99 생산 시설의 계획 단계에서 방사성 폐기물 관리 전략을 정의하기 위하여 저농축 우라늄의 사용이 방사성 폐기물의 흐름에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 저농축 우라늄 표적 사용 시 우라늄 함유 폐기물의 부피가 6배 이상 증가하기 때문에 우라늄 고밀도 표적의 사용과 고온 정수압 압축법의 활용이 제안되었다.