• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.121-124
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• 2004

Horses that have been retired from racing or imported from abroad are retired as broodmares. Whether at private farms or government institutes they are bred to stallions with the aim of improving fertility and enhancing the breed. Accidental deaths as a result of surgical or obstetrical complications lead to decreased productivity and economic losses to the horse breeding industry. Intussusception of the uterine horn is a frequent complication of the equine and bovine species, but rarely seen in other species. The most common causes are thought to be tearing of the placenta which is suspended from the uterus and ovaries and the weight of the placenta. Expulsion of the embryonic membranes is also thought to be a contributing factor. If symptoms are minor and treatment affected quickly, the problem will likely resolve itself. In more severe cases the uterus will prolapse completely. This case study was observed in a Thoroughbred broodmare. After treatment of dystocia, the broodmare could not stand up. She became dehydrated, collapsed, suffered colic and was euthanised. In this case was observed serious swelling vulva and perineal region by morphology, and there was seldom ascites and unusual view in thoracic and abdominal cavity after opening abdomen. However, intussusception of uterine horn involuted left uterine horn into the uterine body was observed.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2006

The microstickes control effects of some fixing agents, including an inorganic PAC, an organic polyamine (PA) and polydiallydimethyl ammonium chloride (Pdadmac), and a high cationic starch (HCS), were investigated, together with their effects on wet end performances and physical properties of handsheets. Despite that the HCS and Pdadmac had lower cationic charge densities than the PA and PAC (the HCS being even lower), they gave higher zeta potentials to fibers, and lower turbidities, cationic demands and residual COD contents to the pulp liquid phases than the PA and PAC did. In all cases, the HCS showed even better effects than the Pdadmac. In addition, drainage speed was also much higher by the HCS treatments although paper formation was worsened. All the phenomena showed that the HCS can fix more dissolved and colloidal substances to cellulose fibers, indicating that the HCS functioned mainly with flocculation and even hydrogen bonding mechanisms. Data on optical properties further indicated that the HCS interacted preferentially with colloidal substances, since it fixed more 'dirty' microstickes to fibers which decreased more sheet brightness while increasing more sheet opacity (with both higher light absorption and scattering coefficients). Interestingly, the organic fixing agents did not decrease tensile, tearing, and folding strengths of paper sheets made from 100% recycled newsprint pulp, except when they were dosed in high amounts. On the contrary, the inorganic PAC had more serious negative effects on the strength properties, especially on folding endurance. The study suggested that proper use of the HCS can lead to better microstickies control effects than traditional agents and methods.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.404-407
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• 1999

식도의 혈종은 자발적이거나 손상후 이차적인 원인으로 발생하거나 드문 질환이다. 병인론은 논쟁에 여지가 있으나 환자의 응고 능력이나 혈종의 위치, 그리고 선행된 구토의 병력 등에 좌\ulcorner 된다. 정상적인 응고력이 있는 환자의 경우 구토와 Mallory-Weiss lesion 등이 식도 혈종을 형성하는데 일차적인 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 반해 비 정상적인 응고력을 가진 환자는 구토와 연관이 없고 60% 환자에서 하부 식도가 보존되고 여러부위에 혈종이 있는 경우가 많다. 증례에서는 환자가 구토를 자주하고 구역질을 자주하는 과거력을 가지고 있었고 B형 간염으로 인한 약간의 응고 장애가 있으면서 식도 근육에 분포하는 혈관의 손상으로 인한 식도근육내 혈종이 형성된 것으로 여겨지고 그로 인해 식도의 폐쇄증을 일으켜 연하곤란의 증상이 나타났다고 보여지고 수술소견으로는 하부 식도에 점막 층, 점막하층부위의 손상이 없이 안쪽의 환상(circular)근육과 바깥쪽의 경선(longitudinal)근육사이에 육아성조직이 포함된 혈종이 고여 있었다. 연세대학교 영동세브란스병원 흉부외과에서는 대증적인 요법에도 불구하고 증상의 호전없이 악화되는 식도 점막과 점막하층에 열상이 없이 발생한 1례의 원발성 식도근육내 혈종를 수술하여 성공적으로 시행하여 좋은 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.459-469
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• 2002

Purpose: Experience of chest pain may be different in women from that of men and this discrepancy may cause misdiagnosis of angina contribute to mortality by this disease in women. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of chest pain and responses to the symptoms in women. Method: A content analysis was conducted with interviewed data obtained from women who underwent the treadmill test Result: Seven major categories were identified from this content analysis: attributes of chest pain; accompanied symptoms; precipitating factors; relief strategies; family support; communication with physicians; and effects of chest pain on their lives. Characteristics of pain were described as heaviness, tightness, heating sensation, tearing, and others. Duration and intensity of pain varied in a wide range. Radiating pain presented in 9 patients, and the locations of radiation were throat, neck, shoulder arm and fingers. Women tended not to respond actively to their chest pain, and didn't get appropriate support either from their family or from their physicians when they reported chest pain. Conclusion: Women express non-typical as well as typical patterns of pain when they experience chest pain. Clinicians have to consider the variability of symptoms when they assess women with suspicions of angina.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2013

In various manufacturing industries, an in-mold decoration (IMD) process for plastic objects is widely utilized because a film forming and an injection molding processes run simultaneously. In the present study, the deformation of polymer film and filling of resin in the IMD process were numerically investigated to evaluate the quality of the plastic object formed by the IMD process, which consists of thermoforming and injection molding processes. To obtain the initial shape of the polymer film during the injection molding process, the deformation of the polymer film in the thermoforming process was pre-formed using the vacuum conditions to attach the film to a cavity. Since the properties and deformation of polymer film are greatly affected by the behavior of polymer resin being injected into a mold cavity, numerical simulations for the injection molding and film forming were performed with one-way coupling method. The results showed that the injected resin could lead to the tearing of the polymer film in local regions near the corners. In order to verify the proposed numerical methodology, the numerical results of the deformation patterns printed on the initial polymer film were compared with the experimental data. The proposed methodology to couple film forming analysis with injection molding analysis can be used to predict the deformation of film in IMD process.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.639-644
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• 2015

원형 리튬 전지는 노트북, 파워툴이나 전기 자동차와 같이 고용량/고율 방전이 필요한 분야에서 널리 사용되는 이차전지 중의 하나로 저장된 화학 에너지를 전기화학적 반응을 통해 전기 에너지로 변환하는 장치이다. 센터 핀은 원형 리튬 전지 내에 가스 분출 채널 확보를 위해 젤리-롤 중심홀이 충/방전 중 좁혀지는 것을 방지하고, 낙하 충격 시 완충 작용으로 분리막 손상을 방지하여 내부 단락을 막아주는 역할을 담당하는 부품이다. 본 연구에서는 센터 핀의 중요한 역할들에 대해 실험적으로 검증하기 위해서 센터 핀 유/무에 따른 2 가지 실험을 진행하였다. 하나는 연속 50 회 충/방전 싸이클 후의 젤리-롤 중심홀의 변화이고, 다른 하나는 UL 표준 기준에 의한 자유 낙하 충격 실험을 통한 젤리-롤 내 분리막 손상에 의한 내부 단락 여부이다. 이러한 실험적 결과를 바탕으로 원형 전지의 센터핀이 안전성 측면에서 반드시 필요한 부품임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2012

자동차 산업에서 대기오염을 줄이고 연비를 향상시키기 위해 경량화가 중요한 과제로 여겨지고 있다. 이를 위해 알루미늄 소재의 적용이 증가하고 있다. 판재를 차체에 적용하기 위해서는 주로 프레스 가공 공정을 거치게 된다. 이때, 재료, 제품설계 및 프레스 공정의 부적절한 가공 변수의 사용으로 인하여 파단, 주름, 및 스프링 백 등에 의한 다양한 형태의 가공 불량이 발생한다. 따라서 이들 변수들의 적절한 조화 뿐 만 아니라 엄격한 공정 관리가 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자동차 판재에 주로 사용되는 Al5454 재료에 대한 이론적으로 유도한 소성 불안정 조건을 구하고, MATLAB을 이용하여 성형 한계도를 도출하였다. 또한, 장출 인장 실험을 통해 얻어진 실험값과 이론적으로 도출한 성형 한계도와의 비교를 수행하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2020

This paper presents two sets of full three-dimensional thermoelastic finite element analyses of superimposed thermo-mechanically loaded Spar Wingskin Joints made with laminated Graphite Fiber Reinforced Plastic composites. The study emphasizes the influence of residual thermal stresses and material anisotropy on the inter-laminar delamination behavior of the joint structure. The delamination has been pre-embedded at the most likely location, i.e., in resin layer between the top and next ply of the fiber reinforced plastic laminated wingskin and near the spar overlap end. Multi-Point Constraint finite elements have been made use of at the vicinity of the delamination fronts. This helps in simulating the growth of the embedded delamination at both ends. The inter-laminar thermoelastic peel and shear stresses responsible for causing delamination damage due to a combined thermal and a static loading have been evaluated. Strain energy release rate components corresponding to the Mode I (opening), Mode II (sliding) and Mode III (tearing) of delamination are determined using the principle of Virtual Crack Closure Technique. These are seen to be different and non-self-similar at the two fronts of the embedded delamination. Residual stresses developed due to the thermoelastic anisotropy of the laminae are found to strongly influence the delamination onset and propagation characteristics, which have been reflected by the asymmetries in the nature of energy release rate plots and their significant variation along the delamination front.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.199-216
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to quantify the biologic effects of the tensile forces from helical springs across the maxillary incisors on the periodontal tissues of rats. 39 Sprague-Dawlely rats were divided into a control group(3 rats) and three experimental groups(36 rats)-group 1, pressured with a light force(50-75g), group 2, with a heavy force(250-300g) and group 3, with a hen force(250-300g) plus laser irradiation. Autoradiographic and histopathologic observations were performed in 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours after force application. The result were as follow : 1. Hyalinized zone of periodontal ligament began to appear at pressure side in 12 hours in group 2 and group 3 ; all decreased in 96 hours except in group 2. 2. Alveolar bone resorption began to appear in 12 hours in group 2 and group 3 ; Group 2 showed more resorption than group 1 and no difference to group 3. 3. Tearing of periodontal ligament and vascular dilatation began to appear at tension side in 12 hours in all groups ; Group 2 showed more changes than group 1 and no difference to group 3 ; Decrease began to appear in 96 hours. 4. New bone formation began to appear at tension side in 12 hours and increased more and more ; No differences were shown of groups 5. New capillary proliferation began to appear at pressure side in 12 hours ; The changes were the greatest in group 3, group 2, group 1, in that order. 6. Positive reaction of cells to $[^3H]-thymidine$ was the greatest in 24 hours of all groups and decreased with times i Group 2 showed more reaction than group 1 and no difference to group 3.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.273-281
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• 1987

In this work the antioxidant effects of browning reaction products prepared by xylose-tryrtophan reaction system were discussed. The antioxygenic brown pigments were separated by solvent extraction, and column chromatography and isolated by gel filteration. The functional groups of the brown pigments which had antioxidant activity were examined. The brown pigments extracted with methanol showed antioxidant effect and were fractionated in 5portions on DEAE-cellulose column. The elutes with methanol: acetic acid(10:30 v/v sol n(A), methanol: chloroform(95:5 v/v) sol n(C), and chloroform: acetic acid(10:30 v/v) sol n(E) only showed antioxidant activity and their compositions were 22.43, 21.51 and $34.43\%$ respectively. When each fraction on DEAE-cellulose column was reseparated on Sephadex LH-20 column, 2 fractions were obtained from portion A and C respectively. Molecular weights of A, C and E fraction of brown pigments were from 2,600 to 3,700. By elucidation of IR spectra, the pigment fractions which showed a strong antioxidant activity were tearing the indole group. It is suggested that the antioxidant function of the brown pigment is due to hydroxy and amino group. A higher activity of the brown pigment fraction E might be attributed to carboxylic acid or carboxylic ester compounds.