• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.239-246
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• 2017

Communications for mobile sink groups such as rescue teams or platoons bring about a new challenging issue for handling group mobility in wireless sensor networks. Recently, a group region-based approach has been proposed to send data to a mobile sink group. However, it uses excessive flooding for 3 steps (group region discovery, region information notification, and data dissemination) to support mobile sink group. Thus, it causes high energy consumption and data delivery failure. Moreover, its per-sink mobility supporting scheme makes energy consumption and data delivery failure more serious. Thus, this paper proposes an Energy-efficient and Reliable Mobile Group communication protocol (ERMG) to support a mobile sink group, which exploits a virtual grid structure. For the group region discover and notification and the data dissemination, ERMG uses communications with only cell heads of grid cells that manages group sinks. ERMG also uses a per-grid based scheme to support sink mobility. Simulation results show that ERMG has 30% less energy consumption and 6% more desired delivery deadline success ratio than the existing protocols.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.642-650
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• 2018

Musical is produced by multiple specialists including director, writer, composer, lyricist, choreographer, music director, actors/actresses and so on. For the success of one musical, all the people with different background should demonstrate their creativities. The basic frame of a work is made by writer, composer and lyricist first unless it is a licensed musical. They are called as Creative Team, and also director, choreographer, actors/actresses and staff are called as Production Team. Both teams are collectively called as Creative Staff. Then, the secondary creative staff members may participate in the work depending on the production size, and each team can consist of the members such as music director, stage designer, sound designer and so on. The staff related to music in Creative Team of the musical is developed with the initiation from the music supervisor who decides the musical color and genre of the work, the fragmentation and the specialization. However, composer or music director takes these roles in charge in Korea. This study aims to establish the roles and concept of vocal coach according to the fragmentation of working process and to investigate their roles and needs in the domestic musical industry upon case analysis of musical production processes in overseas. The common things and differences in the roles and the functions between ordinary voice teachers and musical vocal coaches were analyzed and the cases of vocal coach in the Korean musicals were reviewed by the interviews. In addition, creative team system was reviewed in the Korean musicals.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.78-86
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• 2004

Recently GPS and mobile GIS technologies based on LBS(location based service) have played an important role as DSS(decision supporting system) for domestic forest fire extinguishment policies. In this study forest fire extinguishments information management system based on mobile GIS technique was designed to seize the exact location on wireless network so that it helps to guide the safe and efficient extinguishments affairs and provide the extinguishments environment toward ground fighting teams and the central forest government in real time. Moreover, possibly to operate this system, the foundation technologies by the name of '.gci' such as the spatial data compression method, the spatial data transmission method over wireless network and the spatial analysis interface on PDA should be mainly considered. Especially, in this study the spatial data compression method having high compression rate from 51% to 62% for each polygon, line, and point data, without the loss of data was developed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to investigate ways to introduce mentoring system to support beginning and experienced teachers for their professional development. As an alternative to existing teacher training programs, we planned and implemented a mentoring system to examine its effects in developing professionalism among teachers-in-need, and those who have not met the teacher's evaluation standards. Mentoring is defined as being concerned with promoting the 'development of an individual to his/her full potential,' both professionally and personally. It is linked with professional and career development, and is somewhat characterized by an 'expert-novice' relationship. The mentoring system in science features group mentoring, where 3 prot$\'{e}$g$\'{e}$-mentor teams gathered together for instructional consulting using their videotaped classroom teaching. Through video-based discussions, teachers could share reflective experiences through collaborative investigations based on evidences revealed in classroom teaching videos. Using open-ended interviews with the teachers and video-based discussions, we extracted needs and goals of mentoring, the need of mentoring system to support beginning teachers, and the requirement of mentor quality in light of mentor's expected roles. Conclusions and recommendations related to teachers' mentoring and for the government's development of mentoring system are discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.522-537
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• 2013

This study analyzed the relationship among the construct level of analogical reasoning, prediction and uncertainty, and the construction of an explanatory model that were produced during small group discussions for scientific problem solving. This study was participated in by 8 students of K University divided into 2 teams conducting scientific problem solving. The participants took part in discussions in groups after achieving scientific problem solving individually. Through individual interviews afterwards, changes in their thinking through discussion activities were looked into. The results are as follows: The analogy at the Entities/Attributes level was used to make people clearly understand the characteristics of certain objects or entities in the discussions. The analogy at the Configuration/Motion level that was produced during the discussions ensured other participants to predict the results of problem solving. The analogy at the Mechanism/Causation level changed the structure of problem situations either to help other participants to reconstruct the explanatory model or to come up with a new situation that was never been through before to justify the created mechanism and through this, the case of creating Thought Experiments during the discussions were observed. if looking into the changes of analogies, each individual's analogic paradigm during the discussions were shown as production paradigm, reception-production paradigm, production-reception paradigm, and reception paradigm. The construction and reconstruction of the explanatory model were shown in analogic production paradigm, and in the reception paradigm of an analogy, participants changed their predictions or their certainty.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2010

Objectives : The $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ digit length ratio(2D : 4D) is a sexually dimorphic trait regardless of ethnicity and shows sex differences. According to previous research, men usually have a relatively shorter $2^{nd}$ digit than $4^{th}$ digit. There is tendency that men with lower 2D : 4D are perceived as being more masculine and tend to perform better in some physical sports. Furthermore, 2D : 4D is negatively associated with trait aggression. In this study, we examine gender difference of 2D : 4D and compare 2D:4D of female Korean national team members to 2D : 4D of control subjects. Besides that, we also compare 2D : 4D of female Korean national team members according to their sports entries. Methods : The sample of this study is 396 people, 67 female Korean national team member, 216 control women and 113 control men. We measured $2^{nd}$ to $4^{th}$ digit length of their right hand. In addition, we collected demographic information of female Korean national team members using a self-report questionnaire. Results : The mean 2D : 4D of female Korean national team members is 0.96(SD=0.04), smaller than control women's 2D : 4D(0.97, SD=0.03) and significantly higher than control men's 2D : 4D(0.95, SD=0.03). We also found differences between control men and women. Non-martial arts related sports athletes have significant difference with control men in 2D : 4D. However, martial arts related sports athletes' 2D : 4D is not significantly different from other groups, including control men. Conclusion : These results are consistent with the findings of previous research that there is a significant difference between men and women in their 2D : 4D. Furthermore, 2D : 4D of martial arts related sports athletes have not shown any difference from the 2D : 4D of control men that 2D : 4D of non-martial arts related athletes have shown. This fact is important in consideration of masculine characteristics. For further research, it is necessary to examine 2D : 4D difference according to sport ability and gender differences.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.291-301
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• 2010

Today Korean clothing companies are experiencing difficulties in the global market due to unfavorable business conditions including poor production environments, labor shortage, rising costs, the further opening of the domestic distribution market, and increased competition among them. As a result, this has caused many of Korean clothing companies to transfer their production bases abroad in search of relatively inexpensive labor force, instead of using domestic plants. This study attempted to examine how Korean clothing companies perceive production environments and labor standards with regard to their offshore outsourcing. In such an attempt, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 brand-name clothing firms. Those interviewed firms were the brands for the domestic or foreign market that were found to produce more than 200,000 pieces of clothing per year, and also the group of interviewees included some promotion service providers. The key findings from this study are as follows: First, a large number of the interviewed clothing companies were found to manage their foreign contract manufacturers by "visiting their factories regularly on a seasonal basis" or "stationing their personnel in factory for management purposes." Second, in relation to quality control in their foreign manufacturers, the most frequent response was to "have personnel stationed in those manufacturers." A smaller number of the clothing companies answered that they had "engaged their production management teams in quality control from time to time," or "used their inspectors to inspect products." Third, when asked about labor standards in foreign contract manufacturers, the largest number of the clothing companies responded, "we apply our own standards." The results of this study suggest that most of domestic clothing companies still use offshore sourcing just as a means of reducing their initial labor costs. However, in the continuously changing environment of the global clothing industry, clothing businesses are required to escape from the early phases of their manufacturing environments and set up more globalized standards.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.161-183
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• 2004

This research is to examine the effect of specific Sports On-line membership characteristics on Customer loyalty, the role of the important concept of the three degree of commitment(Continuance commitment, Normative commitment, Affective commitment) in relation marketing. First, discover whether professional team's customer loyalty is influenced by Sports on-line membership through the three degrees of commitment, which is an important parameter in customer relation. Second, find out the effect of currently used online membership characteristics of an off-line company on the three degrees of commitment. To achieve this aim our research team carried out an empirical study by creating an experimental hypothesis and model. The research was conducted by an online survey by 211 supporters of professional football teams. Out of the total 23 were judged untrustworthy by double answers, the empirical study was drawn out from the remaining 188. The empirical study was done by statistical analysis programs SPSS 10.0 and AMOS 4.0. The conclusion of this research is that specific characteristics of Sports on-line membership, Continuance commitment, Normative commitment, Affective commitment plays an important role as a medium in Customer loyalty.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.183-198
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of clinical nutrition services provided at tertiary hospitals and general hospitals in Korea. In total, 157 questionnaires were distributed to the departments of nutrition at hospitals on September 2013. The results of this study are as follows. The median number of beds was 607 and average length of stay was 8 days. 63.1% of dietitians had over 5 years of career experience. Nutritional screening rate was 97% in tertiary hospitals but only 67.2% in general hospitals (P<0.001). The rate of equipment with computerized nutritional screening system was 100% in tertiary hospitals but 71.9% in general hospitals (P<0.001). Hospitals with the best regarding nutritional care were hospitals accredited by JCI (Joint Commission International). On the other hand, hospitals not accredited by the JCI but KOIHA (Korea Institute for Healthcare Accreditation) showed the lowest performance rate of nutritional care. Nutrition support teams (NSTs) were established in all tertiary hospitals but in only 73% of general hospitals (P<0.001). The rate of actively operating NSTs was 89% in tertiary hospitals but only 62% in general hospitals (P<0.001). There is a need to provide proper standardized clinical nutrition services as a primary treatment and we observed large variations in the quality of nutritional service between hospitals. Therefore, local solutions are needed to implement nutritional programs and policies for improved service and care.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.233-242
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• 2017

It is to provide the basic materials for the development of a cadaver practice program, the anatomical, educational programs, etc. by confirming the experiences by the nursing college students of the human body anatomy observations using the Cadaver Model. It was intended to understand the meaning and the essence of the experiences by the nursing college students of the human body anatomy observations using the Cadaver Model by selecting the Colaizzi Analysis Method with the materials collected from the interviews with 2 focus group teams. Regarding the essential structure, 6 categories were arrived at, including 'The ambivalence regarding the cadaver practice', 'Running into the true reality', 'Learning a valuable thing', 'The mind for facing the human beings has become deep', 'The feeling that I am gradually becoming a person who tends the sick', and 'The deliberations regarding the sound giving. It was confirmed that, not only with the understanding of anatomy through the cadaver practices, but, also by experiencing and worrying about the understanding, the life and the respect, the death, the ethics regarding the job, etc. the nursing college students were gradually becoming the persons tending the sick.