• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.282-294
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• 2001

n accordance with the National Health Promotion Act of 1995, newly designed National Health and Nutrition Survey was carried out in winter of 1998. Although this survey amended most of the problems noted in previous Nutrition Surveys, it still had a limitation in reflecting seasonal variation in food intake due to the survey period which was confined to November and December. In order to counterbalance this limitation and estimate the yearly food intake of Korean population, three seasonal nutrition surveys were taken place in spring, summer, and fall of 1999. Seasonal Nutritional survey targeted 15 households each in 60 nationwide primary sampling units(PSUS) which were part of 200 PSUS of 1998 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Therefore, total of 2,700 households were surveyed in 3 seasons. The interviewers visited each household members and carried out face to face interview on household. Daily food intake was monitored using 24 hour recall method. According to the survey results, fruits, beverage and alcohol intake showed large variation with season while processed foods showed almost no variation. And intake of vegetables and fruits were influenced by their own harvesting time and had impact on the list of foods consumed most. With the result of the 1998 NHNS, this study made it possible to estimate the yearly average food intake of Korean population. The result of this survey is expected to be used in planning food supply and setting tolerance level of contaminants of each foods at the government level.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2016

본 연구는 2009 개정 현행 가정과 교육과정에서 실행할 수 있는 세 행동체계 중심의 교육과정 안을 개발하여 새로운 관점에서 큰 어려움 없이 개별 가정과 교사가 활용할 수 있도록 돕고자 하였다. 세 행동체계에 대한 본질적 이해는 2009 개정 현행 교육과정에서는 물론 2015 개정 교육과정의 실행에도 필수적으로 요구되는 부분이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2명의 개발진, 3명의 검토진, 15명의 전문가 협의진을 구성하고 3차안에 걸쳐 세 행동체계 중심 교육내용 체계를 개발하였다. 1차안은 의, 식, 주, 가족 아동, 소비 가정경역과 세 행동체계를, 2차안은 2009 개정 현행 가정과 교육과정의 중단원 수준에서 세 행동체계를, 최종안은 2009 개정 현행 가정과 교육과정의 소단원 수준에서 세 행동체계를 접목하여 내용체계를 개발하였다. 이 교육과정의 실행을 위한 지원체계를 모색하여 제시하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.274-281
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• 2010

본 연구는 세무공무원들을 대상으로 신뢰와 직무생산성의 인과관계를 팀몰입을 매개변수로 사용하여 실증적으로 분석하여 직무생산성 향상을 위한 효과적인 관리방안을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있었다. 분석결과, 세무공무원들이 인식하는 조직신뢰, 상사신뢰, 동료신뢰는 팀몰입에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 팀에 대한 몰입정도가 높을수록 직무생산성은 높아져 세무행정업무수행의 효율성을 높일 수 있고 납세자들의 세무서비스만족도를 높이는데 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 세무조직관리자들은 조직구성원들이 조직목표나 가치에 대한 강렬한 동일의식이나 애착심을 가질 수 있도록 조직의 주요의사결정 과정에 폭넓게 참여할 수 있도록 여건을 조성해 주어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 조직에 대한 강한 충성심과 자긍심을 가질 수 있도록 인사정책과 조직관리정책을 전략적 차원에서 구체적으로 설계하여 이를 지속적으로 실천하도록 해야 할 것이다.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.329-345
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• 2015

본 연구는 한국프로축구팀 감독교체가 팀 경기성과에 미치는 효과를 경영학의 조직학습이론을 적용하여 규명하고자 하였다. 1983년 시즌부터 2013년 시즌까지 30년 동안의 19개 팀과 96명의 감독에 대한 307개의 팀-연도 데이터를 기반으로 패널데이터를 구성하였고, 최종적으로 226개의 팀 데이터가 실증분석에 투입되었다. 자동상관 및 이분산성의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 고정효과 일반화최소자승법(Fixed Effect Generalized Least Square Regression)을 사용하여 분석하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 감독교체는 팀 경기성과와 부(-)의 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 시즌기간(on-season)의 감독교체는 팀 경기성과에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 시즌기간에 감독을 교체하는 경우 악순환이론 관점이 적용되는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 비시즌기간(off-season)의 감독교체는 팀 경기성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 비시즌기간에 지도자를 교체하는 경우 상식이론 관점이 적용되는 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 시즌기간의 감독교체와 비시즌기간의 감독교체 간의 팀 경기성과의 차이를 비교한 결과, 비시즌기간의 감독교체가 시즌기간의 감독교체에 비해 유의한 팀 경기성과를 보였다. 다섯째, 감독교체가 발생한 경우 후임감독으로 내부출신을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 내부출신감독은 팀 경기성과에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 일곱째, 감독교체와 팀 경기성과 간의 부(-)의 관계 사이에는 내부출신감독요인이 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 프로축구산업 현장에서 팀 경기성과의 향상을 위한 감독교체가 필요할 때 후임 감독이 역량을 효과적으로 발휘할 수 있는 교체시기에 대한 시사점을 제공한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.595-606
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• 2018

Objective: The Fusarium mycotoxins of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zerolenone (ZEN) cause health hazards for both humans and farm animals. Therefore, the main intention of this study was to reveal DON and ZEN effects on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune related genes in the liver of piglets. Methods: In the present study, 15 six-week-old piglets were randomly assigned to the following three different dietary treatments for 4 weeks: control diet, diet containing 8 mg DON/kg feed, and diet containing 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed. After 4 weeks, liver samples were collected and sequenced using RNA-Seq to investigate the effects of the mycotoxins on genes and gene networks associated with the immune systems of the piglets. Results: Our analysis identified a total of 249 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which included 99 upregulated and 150 downregulated genes in both the DON and ZEN dietary treatment groups. After biological pathway analysis, the DEGs were determined to be significantly enriched in gene ontology terms associated with many biological pathways, including immune response and cellular and metabolic processes. Consistent with inflammatory stimulation due to the mycotoxin-contaminated diet, the following Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways, which were related to disease and immune responses, were found to be enriched in the DEGs: allograft rejection pathway, cell adhesion molecules, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), type I diabetes mellitus, human T-cell leukemia lymphoma virus infection, and viral carcinogenesis. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed that DON and ZEN treatments downregulated the expression of the majority of the DEGs that were associated with inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 receptor, beta, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9), proliferation (insulin-like growth factor 1, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, lipase G, and salt inducible kinase 1), and other immune response networks (paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor beta, Src-like-adaptor-1 [SLA1], SLA3, SLA5, SLA7, claudin 4, nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, thyrotropin-releasing hormone degrading enzyme, ubiquitin D, histone $H_2B$ type 1, and serum amyloid A). Conclusion: In summary, our results demonstrated that high concentrations DON and ZEN disrupt immune-related processes in the liver.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2018

Objective: Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), common contaminants in the feed of farm animals, cause immune function impairment and organ inflammation. Consequently, the main objective of this study was to elucidate DON and ZEN effects on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other immune related genes in the kidneys of piglets. Methods: Fifteen 6-week-old piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments for 4 weeks: control diet, and diets contaminated with either 8 mg DON/kg feed or 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed. Kidney samples were collected after treatment, and RNA-seq was used to investigate the effects on immune-related genes and gene networks. Results: A total of 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened (120 upregulated and 66 downregulated). Gene ontology analysis revealed that the immune response, and cellular and metabolic processes were significantly controlled by these DEGs. The inflammatory stimulation might be an effect of the following enriched Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis found related to immune and disease responses: cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), tuberculosis, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and chemical carcinogenesis. The effects of DON and ZEN on genome-wide expression were assessed, and it was found that the DEGs associated with inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 receptor, beta, chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9, CXCL10, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 4), proliferation (insulin like growth factor binding protein 4, IgG heavy chain, receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C, cytochrome P450 1A1, ATP-binding cassette sub-family 8), and other immune response networks (lysozyme, complement component 4 binding protein alpha, oligoadenylate synthetase 2, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-9, ${\alpha}$-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, Ig lambda chain c region, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 4, carboxylesterase 1), were suppressed by DON and ZEN. Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate that high concentrations of DON and ZEN suppress the inflammatory response in kidneys, leading to potential effects on immune homeostasis.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.243-255
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• 2021

Objective: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins that frequently contaminate maize and grain cereals, imposing risks to the health of both humans and animals and leading to economic losses. The gut microbiome has been shown to help combat the effects of such toxins, with certain microorganisms reported to contribute significantly to the detoxification process. Methods: We examined the cecum contents of three different dietary groups of pigs (control, as well as diets contaminated with 8 mg DON/kg feed or 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons were acquired from the cecum contents and evaluated by next-generation sequencing. Results: A total of 2,539,288 sequences were generated with ~500 nucleotide read lengths. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, occupying more than 96% of all three groups. Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Megasphaera, and Campylobacter showed potential as biomarkers for each group. Particularly, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were more abundant in the DON and ZEN groups than in the control. Additionally, 52,414 operational taxonomic units were detected in the three groups; those of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Campylobacter, and Prevotella were most dominant and significantly varied between groups. Hence, contamination of feed by DON and ZEN affected the cecum microbiota, while Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were highly abundant and positively influenced the host physiology. Conclusion: Lactobacillus and Bacteroides play key roles in the process of detoxification and improving the immune response. We, therefore, believe that these results may be useful for determining whether disturbances in the intestinal microflora, such as the toxic effects of DON and ZEN, can be treated by modulating the intestinal bacterial flora.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제16권
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• pp.109-121
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• 1997

• 보험의학회지
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• 제16권
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

• 보험의학회지
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• 제19권
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• pp.119-121
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• 2000