• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2006

$0.3g/cm^3$ 에서 $1.5g/cm^3$까지 다양한 겉보기 밀도를 갖는 감마방출핵종 환경시료의 정확한 방사능 분석을 위해서 자체흡수보정(self-absorption correction)은 중요한 문제이다. 방사선 표준선원을 밀도별로 제작할 필요없이 마리넬리 비커를 감싸는 외부용기를 새롭게 제작하여 실용적이면서 간단한 자체흡수보정방법을 본 논문에서 제시하였다. 밀도 0.8, 1.0, $1.3g/cm^3$ 대해서 새로운 방법을 이용하여 자체흡수보정을 한 효율들과 밀도별로 직접 표준선원용액을 만들어 측정한 효율값이 4 % 이내에서 일치하였다.

• 고문화
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• 57호
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• pp.195-210
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• 2001

고려도기가마가 위치한 안성시일죽면 화곡리 산 1번리는 고려시대 초에 죽주였다가 11세기 초반인 현종18년(1018)에 광주목에 속하여 고려말기까지 이어졌다. 고려의 지방제도를 살펴보면 도자기와 관련된 곳으로 소(所)를 들 수 있다. 고려시대에는 와소(瓦所)와 자기소(瓷器所)가 있었다고 한다. 송나라사람 서긍의 $\ulcorner$선화봉사고려도경$\lrcorner$의 기명(器皿)조에는 와(瓦)와 도(陶)가 나오는데 와는 기와와 도기를, 도는 청자를 지칭하는 것으로 여겨진다. 화곡리가마터도 와소였음을 추정할 수 있다. 발굴조사된 도기가마 1구는 동남향의 산언덕에 위치한 지하식 단실 가마로 총길이 7m이며 좌측에 도기폐적물이 있다. 출토되는 도기는 그릇의 단단함의 차이에 따라 경질도기와 연질도기로 구분된다. 한 가마 안에서 경질도 기와 연질도기가 출토되는 것은 각각 소성온도를 달리해서 제작되었기 때문으로 생각된다. 연질도기와 경질도기는 단실 요에서 환원염소성으로 굽다가 아궁이와 연도를 인위적으로 폐쇄하여 산소의 공급을 일시적으로 차단한 상태에서 솔가지 등을 데워 불완전연소에서 생기는 연기(탄소)를 표면에 흡착시키는 꺼먹이소성법으로 제작되었다고 보여진다. 도기의 기종은 경질도기의 경우 구경 10cm$\~$20cm의 호와 구경 20cm$\~$30cm의 호, 병, 반구병, 매병등이 출토되며 연질도기는 구경 10cm$\~$20cm의 소호, 자배기, 시루등이 출토된다. 도기의 제작시기는 출토되는 매병편과 반구병편으로 고려시대임을 알 수 있다. 제작방법은 옹기성형방식인 타날법과 썰질법으로 제작되었다고 보여진다. 유는 경질도기에서만 보이고 연질도기에는 유가 없다. 경질도기의 경우 유가 없는 것이 대부분을 차지한다. 유가 있는 경우는 (1)병이나 호의 구연부에 녹색발색이 나는 유층이 두꺼운 것이 있으며 인공시유로 보여진다. (2)회청색 기외면에 회녹색, 회갈색 유가 일부 얇게 퍼져있는 경우가 있다. (3)기벽이 얇은 호등의 어깨부위에 얇게 퍼져있는 경우로 자연유로 보인다. (4)회녹색, 회흑색 유면위에 검녹색, 진녹색 유가 덧씌워져 있거나 회청색 기면위에 검녹색, 진녹색유가 흘러내리는 경우가 있다. 연질도기는 꺼먹이 소성법에 의한 검댕이 입혀진 경우와 안 입혀진 경우가 있다. 검댕이 입혀진 경우에는 (1)기외면이나 기내$\cdot$외면에 입혀진 경우가 있고 (2) 일반적으로 출토되는 연질도기보다 경도가 강한 형태로 검댕을 입힌후 물레회전방향으로 마연한 경우가 있다. 안성 화곡리가마는 고려도기의 제작방식을 알려주는 중요한 유적이라 할 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.979-984
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• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Ca concentrations in low non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diets containing phytase on growth performance, bone mineralization, litter quality, and footpad dermatitis (FPD) incidence in growing broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 1,800 21-day-old Ross 308 growing broiler chickens were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 6 replicated cages. Six diets were formulated to provide increasing Ca concentrations of 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, or 9.0 g/kg in diets. The concentrations of NPP in all diets were maintained at 3.0 g/kg, and phytase was supplemented to all diets at the level of 1,000 fytase units (FTU)/kg. At the end of the 14-d feeding trial, birds were euthanized for tibia sampling, and litter samples were collected from 3 areas in the cage. The FPD incidence was measured based on a 6-point scoring system. Results: Dietary Ca concentrations had no effect on growth performance of growing broiler chickens. However, a tendency (linear, p = 0.05) for decreased feed efficiency was observed as dietary Ca concentrations were increased. The concentrations of Ca and P in the tibia of broiler chickens increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.01) with increasing Ca concentrations in low NPP diets containing phytase. Litter pH, moisture, and N contents were not affected by increasing Ca concentrations in low NPP diets containing phytase. However, a tendency (quadratic, p = 0.10) for increased FPD incidence with increasing dietary Ca concentrations was observed. Conclusion: Dietary Ca concentrations from 4.0 to 9.0 g/kg in low NPP diets containing phytase have little effects on growth performance of growing broiler chickens. However, Ca and P concentrations in the tibia are decreased if dietary Ca concentrations are less than 5.0 g/kg. The FPD incidence for growing broiler chickens may be decreased if less than 9.0 g/kg of Ca is included in diets.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to efficiently make Black Panax Ginseng (BPG) and evaluate its antitumor activity. Methods : Panax ginseng was steamed at $95^{\circ}C$ for 3 h, dried and steamed again at $115^{\circ}C$ for 6 h. The main ginsenosides of BPG were $Rg_{3}$, $Rk_{1}$ and $Rg_{5}$. Results : Among the saponins in BPG, the amount of ginsenoside $Rg_{3}$ was determined by HPLC method. The 11.48 mg of ginsenoside $Rg_{3}$ was obtained from lg of dried BPG. The crude saponin fraction (CSF) of BPG was tested in vitro for its cytotoxic activities against various human cancer cell lines, such as ACHN, NCI-H23, HCT-15 and PC-3. The CSF of BPG exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity than that of red Panax ginsneng. CSF of BPG exhibited good cytotoxic activities against ACFIN, HCT-15, and PC-3 cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 60.3-90.8 ${\mu}g$/ml. However, CSF of BPG did not show any cytotoxic activity against NCI-H23 cell line. Conclusions : BPG produced by new manufacturing is more effective than BPG produced by existing processing in anticancer activity. And new BPG has a possibility of investigation because of high contents of Rg3, Rk1 and Rg5 that have various phisological activities.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2012

"Great things in business are never done by one person; they're done by a team of people." By Steve Jobs, 2003. As define by Linda Naiam - Creativity is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. Creativity involves two processes: thinking, then producing. Innovation is the production or implementation of an idea. If you have ideas, but don't act on them, you are imaginative but not creative. So in order to maintain the pace with the changing business scenario and coping with the competition Innovation and Creativity is considered a mandatory tool for a business to exist and grow in market. Whether a company is Employee centric or Business centric Innovation and creativity has to have its space in order to keep a business ahead of others in the Market. Also it's not just the competition which has led to the Innovation and Creativity in Business practices it's also the demanding chunk of consumers and customers who are aware and prefer maximum choices before making a final deal. Another reason as to why there is a change in business practices is the globalization of businesses where you need to rope in the Innovative ideas to launch and sustain in new market. There had been tremendous shift in business practices but to give a room to innovative ideas and implement that creativity need ample to space and vision along with an attitude where in you can resist for getting an immediate results from innovative business practices. Corporate Creativity is characterized by the ability to perceive the world in new ways, to find hidden patterns, to make connections between seemingly unrelated phenomena, and to generate solutions. Generating fresh solutions to problems, and the ability to create new products, processes or services for a changing market, are part of the intellectual capital that give a company its competitive edge. Creativity is a crucial part of the innovation equation. The innovation and creativity is not limited to any area of business, it can start from your waiting lounge to your board room meeting depending upon how the things are perceived and implemented for the betterment of people and business. The purpose of this research is to understand the latest creative business approaches and practices that organizations are following to be different from their competitors. Also this shift from generic business practices to the Innovative and Creative approach seems to take the business into new world. This approaches means starting from the bottom of the Pyramid and finally touching the pinnacles in Innovation and creativity. The paper will discuss on the various areas of business where in innovative approaches can be roped in and sets new bench mark altogether in the business arena.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to identify multidimensional factors influencing burnout in intensive care unit(ICU) nurses. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected during February 2016 from a convenience sample of 222 tertiary hospital ICU nurses and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Burnout correlated positively with compassion fatigue (CF)(r=.37, p<.001), and negatively with compassion satisfaction (CS)(r=-.66, p<.001). The regression model explained 57% of the variance in burnout. For individual characteristics in the model, perceived health status (${\beta}=-.27$, p<.001) and gender (${\beta}=.14$, p=.028) were the most influential factors for ICU nurses' burnout. In the model with added work-related characteristics, nursing environment (${\beta}=-.22$, p=.001), perceived health status (${\beta}= -.20$, p=.001), and satisfaction with department (${\beta}=-.19$, p=.007) were the most influential factors. Finally, for the model with psychological characteristics added, CS (${\beta}=-.56$, p<.001) and CF (${\beta}=.35$, p<.001) were the most influential factors. Conclusion: Results reveal that most ICU nurses have a moderate level of CF and a moderate to high level of CS and burnout, and that individual, work-related and psychological factors are relevant in ICU nurses' burnout. Programs or interventions to reduce burnout should be developed taking into account these multidimensional factors.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.59-80
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the history, space structures, blueprint, and techniques of the construction of Nam-hea city walls. Nam-hea city walls were relocated in 1439 from Whagumhun-Sansung(火金峴山城) to the present site, nearby Nam-hea Um.(南海邑) The city walls were rebuilt after they were demolished during Japanese invasion on Korea in 1592 and their reconstruction was also done in 1757. At present, the city walls only partially remained due to the urbanization of the areas around them. A plane form of the City wall is a square, and the circumference os approximately 1.3km. According to the literature, the circumference of the castle walls is 2,876尺, the height is 13尺, and the width is 13尺 4寸. Hang-Kyo(鄕校). SaGikDan(社稷壇), YoeDan(厲壇), SunSo(船所) which is a harbor, as well as government and public offices such as Kaek-Sa(客舍) and Dong-Hun(東軒) existed inside the castle walls. Inside the castle walls were one well, five springs, one ditch, and one pond, and in the castle walls, four castle gates, three curved castle walls, and 590 battlements existed. The main government offices inside castle walls were composed of Kaek-Sa, Dong-Hun, and Han-Chung(鄕廳) their arrangements were as follows. Kaek-Sa was situated toward North. Dong-Hun was situated in the center of the west castle walls. The main roads were constructed to connect the North and South castle gate, and subsidiary roads were constructed to connect the East and West castle gate. The measurement used in the blueprint for castle wall was Pobaek-scale(布帛尺:1尺=46.66cm), and one side of it was 700尺. South and North gate were constructed in the center of South and North castle wall, and curved castle walls was situated there. One bastion was in the west of curved castle walls and two bastions were in the east of curved castle walls. The east gate was located in the five eighths of in the east castle wall. Two bastions were situated in the north, on bastion in the south, one bastion in the south, and four bastions in the west castle wall. The castle walls were constructed in the following order: construction of castle field, construction of castle foundation, construction of castle wall, and cover the castle foundation. The techniques used in the construction of the castle walls include timber pile(friction pile), replacement method by excavation.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.398-403
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• 2012

Purpose: Mandible resection and discontinuity defect created lead to aesthetic and functional problems. The iliac crest bone graft exhibits relative ease for bone harvesting, possibility of two team approach, ability to close the wound primarily, large amount of corticocancellous bone and relatively few complications. Whereas the use of free vascularized flaps has donor site morbidity and worse-fitting bone contour, the use of nonvascularized iliac bone graft has advantages in the operation time and patients' recovery time. So, nonvascularized iliac bone graft could be an attractive option. Methods: Twenty-one patients (M:F=1:1.1) underwent iliac crest bone harvesting for reconstruction of mandibular discontinuity defect (mean length : $61.6{\pm}17.8$ mm), from May 2005 to October 2011 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Kyungpook National University. The average age was $44.1{\pm}16.4$ years and the mean follow up periods was $28.2{\pm}22.7$ months. Bone resorption rate, according to age, sex, primary lesion, location and distance of defect, type of fixation plate, time of graft and pre-operative radiation therapy, were measured in each patient. Results: The mean bone resorption rate was $16.1{\pm}9.0%$. Bone resorption rate was significantly increased in mandibular defect that is over 6 cm in size (P=0.015, P<0.05) and the cases treated pre-operative radiation therapy (P=0.017, P<0.05). All was successfully fixed and maintained for the long-term follow-up. There were a few donor site complications and almost all patients were shown favorable outcome without severe bone resorption in this study. Conclusion: The nonvascularized iliac bone graft seems to be a reasonably reliable treatment option for reconstruction of mandibular discontinuity defects.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 서비스이익사슬 모형을 국내외식업에 적용하여 내부서비스품질, 직원만족, 조직몰입 등의 직원 구성개념들과 서비스 가치, 고객만족, 고객충성도 등의 고객 구성개념들 간의 관계를 살펴보고, 효과적인 외식기업 경영전략을 제시하는 것이다. 전술한 목적을 수행하기 위하여, 본 연구는 한국음식업중앙회와 협의한 결과, 대구광역시지회에서 연구 참여의사를 밝혔고, 그 결과 51개 외식업체가 참여의사를 밝혔고, 최초 표본으로 추출되었다. 또한, 다른 레스토랑의 소개를 부탁하는 스노우볼 샘플링 방법으로 49개 외식업체를 추가 선정하여 최종 100개 외식업체의 직원과 고객이 조사되었다. 직원설문지 741부와 고객설문지 970부가 최종분석에 사용되었다. 분석결과, 내부서비스품질의 요인들 중 팀워크와 커뮤니케이션이 직원만족에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 직원만족은 조직몰입에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 조직몰입은 고객의 지각된 가치에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 지각된 가치는 고객만족과 충성도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 고객만족은 충성도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.53-82
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• 2020

대전광역시는 4차산업에 필요한 최고의 혁신역량 인프라(ICT)를 보유하고 있음에도 불구하고 산업생태계를 저해하는 요인들이 산재하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 4차산업혁명시대에 지역적 특성을 고려한 일자리 창출 요인을 조직생태학관점에서 접근하였다. 즉, 해외 ICT기반의 클러스터(또는 도시)를 통한 일자리창출 사례를 살펴보고, 조직생태학의 '적소', '변이', '선택', '보존'의 요인을 도출하였다. 이를 통해, 대전광역시를 둘러싼 환경과, 기존 해외 클러스터사례의 교훈을 벤치마킹하여 ICT기반 일자리창출의 '적소'를 발견하고 생태계에서 살아남기 위한 '변이'과정에 필요한 전략과 생태계에서 '선택' 및 '보존'이 될 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 결론적으로, 4차산업혁명도시, 혁신도시 지정, SW의 우수한 역량확보 등 대전시가 가진 강점과 명실상부한 '혁신 허브'로서의 특별시로 자리매김하기 위한 조직생태학적 접근의 전략이 필요함을 주장한다. 또한, 대전시가 가진 강점과 '혁신 허브'의 특별시로 명백히 자리매김하려면 실질적이며 생태계의 지속성을 꾀할 수 있는 전략이 필요하다. 최근 대전시가 추진하고 있는 '대전형 뉴딜정책', '대전 스타트업파크' 사업 등에 시도 해보는 것도 의미가 있으리라 판단된다. 마지막으로, 4차 산업혁명 시대에 부응하는 ICT기반 일자리 창출 연구의 희소성, 일자리 창출에 있어 지역의 중요성 인식, 지속가능한 클러스터의 조직생태학적 접근 제시 등 독창성 있는 연구로 그 동안 부족했던 선행연구에 이론적 기여가 있기를 기대한다.