• The Mathematical Education
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.499-519
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• 2022

Ratio and rate are key topics in the area of 'Patterns', but there are various perspectives on them. This study compared and analyzed the perspectives of Korean and Singaporean mathematics textbooks on ratio and rate, and explored how teaching and learning methods develop according to each perspective in terms of quantitative reasoning. To this end, we reorganized the analysis criteria based on some studies, and analyzed the textbooks of the two countries in relation to context, relationship, and representation. The results of the study are as follows. Regarding the context, there were differences in the situations, types of units and use of units of the problems presented in textbooks. In terms of relationship, there were differences in the types of two quantities and relationship of quantities. Lastly, there were differences in the representation of ratio and rate. Through these results, we found that elementary mathematics textbooks in Korea and Singapore take different perspectives on ratio and rate. In particular, the perspective taken by Korean textbooks on ratio and rate had unique points different from that of other previous studies. Considering this Korean perspective, we suggested some implications that could help improve textbooks related to ratio and rate and teach them meaningfully.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.263-288
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to search the effective teaching-learning program by considering how affect on formation of the process-object perspective of linear function using Excel. In this study we analyzed function units in textbook and examined how Excel affect on the formation of the process-object perspective of linear function. Teaching experiment was based on qualitative case study and performed for five classes with five 8th graders. Data were gathered through observations, audio-taped interviews, video recording of the students 'work, students' worksheets, and detailed field notes. Findings indicate that exploration learning environment using Excel could supplement paper-and-pencil environment. We found that intuitive, dynamic, explorative, feedback skills via Excel can play the role of scaffolding supporting formation of process perspective object perspective of linear function.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.152-161
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this project was to develop a patient safety-focused inservice education program for surgical nurse and to test the effects of this program. Methods: Methodological designs for instruments development, a pretest-posttest and a posttest design were employed. After the education, nurses' satisfaction, confidence, usefulness and application of 137 nurses were evaluated at 15 surgical units of a tertiary teaching hospital in Seoul, Korea. The education contents are 6 skill areas (infusion pump use, suction, chest tube drainage, oxygen administration, nebulizer use, insulin administration) and medication knowledge. Teaching methods were lecture, instructor demonstration, and 1:1 skill test. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon test, Spearman's correlation and Stepwise regression were used. Results: Satisfaction scores for skills and medication education were 4.00-4.21 (out of 5), The more performance frequency in 6 skills, the higher score in confidence as well as in usefulness and application, and the higher satisfaction with the program, the higher score in usefulness, application, confidence, and medication knowledge. Medication knowledge improved after the education (Z=-7,757, p<.001). Significant predictors of skill confidence were application of skills in job performance, medication confidence, and career in present unit. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that systematic and continuous inservice education will improve patient safety by promoting nursing quality.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.121-134
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• 2011

Stevin is known as the inventor of decimal fractions, even though many mathematicians had the concept of decimal fractions and used it before Stevin. Why? To respond to such a question, we studied about its significance which 'La Disme' had in the history of mathematics. These can be summarized as its notational aspect, the manner of developing the book, the conceptual revolution and the practical purpose. And the chapter and verse of are little known when compared to its reputation. So in this paper we considered its contents in detail and discussed some didactical implications in relation to teaching and learning of decimal fractions in elementary school : importance of place values, similarity of calculation to natural numbers, using common fractions to justify, emphasis on the applications of decimal fractions, relation to measuring units, necessity of teaching number sense, using notational aspects.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1075-1083
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• 2010

This study analyzed content on sustainable development in the middle school science curriculum of 2007-Revised. Analyses criteria were developed based on literature reviews. The analyses showed that among 25 units, nine of them dealt with the topics and issues on sustainable development. However, the content had too much partiality for biology and earth science, lacking integration with other areas of science. Results of this study suggest the need for developing systemized teaching material on sustainable development that can be incorporated in the science curriculum by pursuing the following tasks: First, the educational goal of sustainable development and its need should be mentioned in the science curriculum. Second, the class content, themes, objectives, teaching-earning programs on sustainable development should be formulated. Third, within the science curriculum, the content should deal with topics beyond natural or environmental issues, to issues such as economical and socio-political so as to bring better understanding of the concepts related to sustainable development.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.545-556
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• 2013

The purpose of this research was to enhance the understanding of scientific thinking of $5^{th}$ graders of elementary school through conducting investigative analyses on the students' associations with regard to illustrations on science textbooks and to provide basic data that are needed for the teachers teaching science in classrooms to reorganize textbook illustrations suitable to the realities of science contents and realms. In order to achieve the research purposes, subject $5^{th}$ grade students were asked to write down what they associated with the illustrations on the matter part of the $5^{th}$ science textbooks of elementary school: among 14 illustrations, a half of them were after lessons and other half from before lessons. The types of students' learning goal statements according to Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives were compared with the learning objectives provided in teachers' guide. The differences between before and after lessons in associated words which students used responding to given illustrations were investigated. Students' responses were analyzed in terms of how their associations were consistent with what their preference of learning objectives would be as well. Students variables including their achievement levels and gender were used as group variables in order to locate their effects on differences in their associations before and after the lessons. It was found that students manipulated the given illustrations more variously with more explanations before the lessons than after. After the lessons students tended to describe the illustrations more homogeneously and made theirs stick on the given direction by the textbooks. The implications for how school teaching affected to students' perception was made.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2016

When elementary students write their own sentences, it is often educationally beneficial to compare them with other people's similar sentences. However, it is impractical for use in most classrooms, because it is burdensome for teachers to look up all of the sentences written by students. To cope with this problem, we propose a novel approach for automatic selection of similar sentences based on a three-step process: 1) extracting the subword units from the word-level sentences, 2) training the model with the encoder-decoder architecture, and 3) using the approximate k-nearest neighbor search algorithm to find the similar sentences. Experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves the accuracy of 75% for our test data.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.134-147
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• 2002

Background : As an empirical study, current research about the quality of social services carried out in general and teaching hospitals across the country. In the flux of health care reforms and market transformation, the quality of social services in the hospital becomes increasingly significant. Methods : A sample of total 80 hospitals, including general hospitals with one social worker at least and single-department hospital with two social workers or more, were identified nationwide through the registry of Korean Association of Medical Social Workers and Korean Association of Hospitals. The subjects of this survey were 80 leaders of social service units. The survey data from each subjects were measured to evaluate level of quality that service provider perceived of sample hospitals. Under the method of one-way ANOVA and multiple regression, the level of quality in social work service was analyzed. Results : The major findings were as following ; First, the level of quality perceived showed less score, especially the lowest was the score of quality of outcome. Second, the key variables of each hospital which turned out significantly different in quality of social work service were the departmental form of social work unit, unit leader's age, educational level, field experience, and job rank. Third, the level of quality of social work service correlated positively with the field experience of unit leader, the size of social work unit, the job rank of the unit leader. Conclusion : The most influential variables to the quality of social work service proved departmental form of social work unit, leader of social work unit. Therefore, to assure the proper level of quality, social work unit in hospital must be structured single, independent department in which entitled social worker is supposed to supervise and manage. And a leadership-development program for leaders in social work unit are strongly recommended.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.165-198
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is to improve the writing ability of students by an ideal test model of English writing based on strategies of procedural learning stages enhancing the level of students' writing ability. Assessment of writing in the field of English education has been limited so far to very restricted areas with no appropriate scientific scrutiny. Assessment is really meaningful only when it exactly estimates the ability of students. Since English writing competence has become indispensable in this era of global village, writing instruction should be most emphasized. The most forceful method of busting writing instruction is to utilize the so-called washback effect of testing. So, to develop a good test model of writing, the first thing that is required is to inspect writing strategy in steps and, then, testing itself. First of all, analyzed with a special reference to the 6th high school English curriculum were the goals and contents of the syllabus reflected in one kind of junior high textbook and eight different kinds of senior high textbooks. Then questionnaires on the whole area of writing and tendencies of English writing classes were given to 100 English teachers, 300 students. The results of questionnaires were statistically analyzed. Then, some suggestions and opinions about the questioning method were made: the procedural strategy in steps, English writing instruction and test model of assessment were applied to the syllabus referring to teaching plans. On the bases of the results of the questionnaires, three pretests and a final test of English writing were administered to verify the effect of enhanced English writing competence which had been gradually promoted and, through the promotion, produced the test criteria of English writing. In conclusion, guidance and evaluation of English writing through in steps are really indispensable to increase student's practical ability and, accordingly, we are in need of the development of a testing method of useful writing practiced in school class above anything else. So, it is necessary to further the study on methods to assess writing ability on the bases of participation and fluency of students with their keen interest in English. Also, to intensify the effect of the test model, more accommodating reorganization of syllabus is required in our education. For instance, we need a flexible operation in organizing time units from the current 50 minutes to 100-130 minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze effect of nutrition education after executing education nutrition with the nutrition education textbook, reconstructed 12 units, focused on older elementary school children and to evaluate interest and understanding of textbook. The subjects were 4th grade children. The results were as follows. The most interesting lesson contents was 'obesity(16.3%)', and the next were 'food poisoning' (13.3%), 'kimchi'(13.3%), and 'Korean table manners'(10.2%) in the 12 unit. Children who attended education nutrition answered 'interesting'(94.1%), 'understand easily'(97.1%) about the developed textbook. With regard to change in nutrition knowledge after education, the percentage of correct answers was increased in most of question except 'reason of snack' and 'weight-control'. And the total score of nutrition knowledge was risen(p<0.01), because the ratio of correct answer of 'importance of breakfast'(p<0.05) and 'nutrition labeling'(p<0.01) was improved especially. The ratio of desirable snack time 'between lunch and dinner' was higher after education(91.2%) than before(55.2%)(p<0.01). After education, the choice of 'Fruit and vegetable' of which desirable snack food was increased. Both the choice of 'bread' and 'fast food', a factor of oversupply calorie, was decreased. And after education, the percentage of sound snack place 'home' was improved. In regard of a meal environment, the percentage of 'every wash hand before eating' is 65.1% and there is scarcely change after education. Before education, children answered 'use it rightly'(82.4%) about 'how to eat with spoon and chopsticks', but it is lower after education. The ratio of 'leave food sometimes or always' is 47.1% before education, and the ratio of leftover food tend to decreased in school lunch. Relate to reason of leftover, the percentage of 'because of hate food' tend to decrease. This results suggests that the activity-centered nutrition education can help to change food behaviors and increase nutrition knowledge level of school children.