• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.311-331
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• 2014

예비교사들의 정의에 대한 도구적인 교수학적 내용지식을 관계적인 교수학적 내용 지식으로 변화하도록 하기 위하여, Kinach의 인지전략을 반영한 교수과제를 단계적으로 제시하였다. 연구자는 먼저 예비교사들이 '정의'와 '정의를 가르친다는 것'을 어떻게 이해하는지를 확인하였으며, 예비교사들의 통념에 도전함으로서 정의의 재발명이라는 새로운 교수방법을 포용할 수 있는 동인을 부여하였다. 예비교사의 PCK '성장' 과정은, 정의의 교수법에 대한 백지상태의 PCK를 수학교육이론으로 채우는 것이 아니라, 도구적 PCK를 확인하고 도전하며 변화 및 확장하였던 정반합(正反合)적 과정이었다. 이와 같은 사례는 교사의 지식 성장과 교사교육의 방법론에 대한 새로운 방향을 모색하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.54-68
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate how elementary teachers perceive and practice using Visual Thinking (VT) in science classes. For this, we collected 161 VT teaching materials for science that uploaded on the elementary teacher's online communities, and analyzed the characteristics. Also we interviewed four elementary teachers who have used VT in science class. The results are as follows. First, VT teaching materials shared in teacher's online communities were most often used to review the science concepts that students learned. Most of the materials required 'remember' among the Cognitive Process, and most of them provided layouts for VT activities. Second, the participants were using VT materials to review the science concepts they learned, so that students remember them. Third, the participants were satisfied because of the beliefs of effects as follows: facilitating learning and reviewing what students had learned; increasing students' positive reactions and confidence; learning through the interation among learners; the formation of habits thinking visually; indirect experiences of science class; possibility of class corresponding to learner characteristics. Fourth, the participants had difficulties in preparing for the VT science class, such as the burden of making VT materials, the long preparation time, concerns over overlapping contents, consideration of learners' VT skills, and the themselves' drawing ability. Furthermore, they also had difficulties in proceeding for the class, like different preference among learners about Visualization and loss of objectives in science class using VT. Fifth, the participants needed support as follows: platform to share students' VT results; VT case books and teachers' guidebooks; physical environment.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.251-272
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• 2005

수학 수업에서 핵심적인 역할을 하는 과제의 인지적 수준은 교수${\cdot}$학습 과정 동안 다양하게 변할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 4개의 6학년 수학교실에서 '비와 비율' 단원에 제시된 주요 과제들을 대상으로 우리나라 수학교실에서 나타나는 과제 설정과 실행 패턴은 어떠한지, 그리고 그 패턴에 영향을 미치는 교실 요인은 무엇인지 면밀하게 살펴보았다. 분석 결과 초기의 높은 수준의 인지적 과제가 수업 내내 전반적으로 유지되는 경우도 있었으나, 여러 가지 요인에 의해서 의미와 연계되지 않은 절차, 비체계적인 탐구, 불충분한 탐구로 쇠퇴하는 경우도 있었다. 이에 본 연구는 수학 시간에 교사가 특히 주의해야 할 요인을 밝히고, 전반적으로 정적인 의미의 분석보다는 수학적 과제의 인지적 수준이 변화하는 과정에 대한 이해 및 분석의 중요성을 강조한다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.470-480
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• 2001

이 연구의 목적은 사회적 상호작용을 강조한 과학 탐구실험을 개발하여 이를 적용한 수업이 학생들의 탐구능력 신장에 미치는 효과를 알아보고, 실험을 수행하는 과정에서 일어나는 상호작용을 학생들의 인지수준에 따하 분석하는 것이었다. 이를 위하여 남녀공학 중 학교 2학년 197명을 실험집단과 통제집단으로 나누어, 실험집단에는 사회적 상호작용을 강조한 과학 탐구실험 수업을 통제집단에는 전통적인 실험수업을 한 학기에 걸쳐 적용한 후 과학 탐구능력 검사를 실시하였으며, 학생들의 인지수준에 따른 상호작용을 분석하고 이 실험 수업에 대한 학생들의 인식을 조사하였다. 사회적 상호작용을 강조한 과학 탐구실험을 적용한 수업이 전통적인 실험 수업에 비하여 학생들의 과학 탐구능력 신장에 효과가 있있다. 탐구실험 수업 과정을 살펴보면, 학생들의 인지 수준에 따라 상호작용 참여 정도에 차이가 있었으며, 같은 인지수준이더라도 모둠 구성 방식에 따라 상호작용의 형태에 차이가 있었다. 인지수준이 높은 학생은 학생들 사이의 상호 작용에서 주도적이며 교사와의 상호작용에도 적극적으로 참여하였고, 인지수준이 낮은 학생은 인지수준이 높은 학생을 추종하는 경향이 있으며 교사와의 상호작용에는 소극적이었다. 실험 수업에 대하여 학생들은 탐구실험 수업이 모둠원들과 상호작용 할 기회를 제공함으로써 토론을 많이 하게 되고, 동료로부터 도움을 받아 어려움을 해결할 수 있었다고 응답하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.171-192
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• 2016

As teachers' competency is evaluated based on their teaching performance. pre-service teachers need to have an opportunity to reflect on themselves by systematically analyzing and evaluating their own lesson planning and teaching performance through self-assessment. In this study, we aimed to examine what evaluation criteria for lesson planning and teaching performance pre-service mathematics teachers consider in the process of self-assessment. This study used a mixed-methods research design. To draw the self-evaluation criteria for lesson planning and teaching performance, pre-service self-reported assessments were analyzed using qualitative analyses. In addition, descriptive statistics were used to investigate the pre-service teachers' distribution across the criteria and check the ratio of pre-service mathematics teachers for each element. As a result, it was disclosed that pre-service mathematics teachers considered eight elements in self evaluating their own lesson planning and teaching performance. In addition, we found that pre-service mathematics teachers tended to consider Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) more than Subject-Matter Knowledge (SMK). Moreover, the results of this study provide educational implications for the curriculum in the pre-service teacher's education program.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.416-429
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• 2018

In social constructivist teaching, knowledge construction is achieved through learners' collective social interaction. Vygotsky argued that this process is mediated with language use, and the development of higher order thinking is realized through the transition from inter-personal psychological functions to intra-personal psychological functions. In so doing scientific concepts are internalized to learners. This study examined the third grade elementary students' inter/intra-personal psychological functions and their internalization processes during social constructivist teaching plan about strata and fossils. The lessons were designed along with Wells' dialogic inquiry and Leach and Scott's social constructivist teaching-learning sequences. Results showed that a teacher's utterances of talking with questioning to switch attention, creating cognitive disequilibrium, and expanding the width of students' opinions could make effective inter-personal psychological function. In addition, a learner's inner speech expressed into social discourse through talking about personal experiences, comparing epistemic idea with visual representation, or applying to different situation showed his/her intra-personal psychological function. Some cases of learners' internalization through language use could be at the stage of knowledge building and understanding of the spiral of knowing, but not all. Thus it is argued that a teacher's deeper insight into Vygotskian social constructivist teaching can make elementary science classroom teaching more effective in their inter/intra-psychological functions.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.379-392
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• 1994

One of the historical origins of the modern science education was investigated in this paper. From the view point of the pansophistic educational philosophy which emphasized "man should teach completely all things to all mankind(Omnes, Omnia, omnino)", J.A.Comenius proposed in his book "Didactica magna"(1658) that 'physica' should be learned as one of the most important school subjects. He suggested the completion of human being as a wholeness of the universe could be achieved through the physics teaching. His ideas of science education was, however, directed not to the 'rational konwledge' about the natural world, but to the 'divine wisdom'. His main thoughts and influences on science education can be summarized as follows: 1) The human being as a God's image should know the divinely created nature, because the invisible God's existence can be sensorially recognized in the nature. 2) Physics or science should be regarded as more important objects than verbal learning in general school education. 3) The cognitive union between the words('representative' or 'das Dargestellte') and things('presentative' or 'das Dargebotene') can be achieved through the objects lesson ('Anschauungsunterricht') 4) The realistic and sensor-cognitive learning theory of the object lesson is yet very important especially in the science education of elementary school, even though the inquiry learning process has became more important in the last years. 5) The religious aspect of his idea could not satisfy the social needs of industrialization and the development of professonal technics in the 18 to 19th century.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.396-402
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• 2022

The study deals with the problem of the formation of pre-service teachers' reflective skills in information environment. The role of reflection as a mechanism of formation of a modern teacher's self-consciousness was cleared up. The technology of formation of pre-service teachers' reflective skills was characterized and tested. The main stages of the technology were: a motivational and cognitive stage, a problematic and practical stage, and a reflective and operational stage. The substantiated pedagogical conditions of formation of pre-service teachers' reflective skills were adhered. The criterial and evaluative characteristics of the formation of pre-service teachers' reflective skills were worked out: components (reflection of personal conformity, reflection of the psychological and pedagogical barriers, reflection of professional growth); criteria (criterion of consistency, criterion of difficulty, criterion of potential); indicators (cognitive-evaluative, value-motivational, activity-creative). The levels of formation of pre-service teachers' reflective skills (insufficient level, acceptable level, and optimum level) were determined. The analysis of students' surveys showed the effectiveness and expediency of using the technology of formation of pre-service teachers' reflective skills in the process of professional training.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.331-349
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• 2007

This study aims to improve the teaching and learning method on the conic sections. To do that the researcher analyzed the impact of dynamic geometry software on students' problem solving of the conic sections. Students often say, "I have solved this kind of problem and remember hearing the problem solving process of it before." But they often are not able to resolve the question. Previous studies suggest that one of the reasons can be students' tendency to approach the conic sections only using algebra or analytic geometry without the geometric principle. So the researcher conducted instructions based on the geometric and historico-genetic principle on the conic sections using dynamic geometry software. The instructions were intended to find out if the experimental, intuitional, mathematic problem solving is necessary for the deductive process of solving geometric problems. To achieve the purpose of this study, the researcher video taped the instruction process and converted it to digital using the computer. What students' had said and discussed with the teacher during the classes was checked and their behavior was analyzed. That analysis was based on Branford's perspective, which included three different stage of proof; experimental, intuitive, and mathematical. The researcher got the following conclusions from this study. Firstly, students preferred their own manipulation or reconstruction to deductive mathematical explanation or proving of the problem. And they showed tendency to consider it as the mathematical truth when the problem is dealt with by their own manipulation. Secondly, the manipulation environment of dynamic geometry software help students correct their mathematical misconception, which result from their cognitive obstacles, and get correct ones. Thirdly, by using dynamic geometry software the teacher could help reduce the 'zone of proximal development' of Vigotsky.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2022

At the present stage, the main directions of the professional position of a specialist in the implementation of English-language Education are to improve and spread the practice of learning languages throughout a person's life by involving information, communication and digital technologies in the educational process. Computerization of the educational process in Higher Education Institutions is considered as one of the first and most promising areas for improving the quality of education in Higher Education Institutions. The necessity of ensuring timely training and retraining of specialists of various profiles (in particular teachers) on the effective use of domestic and foreign electronic resources with the help of modern information technologies for the implementation of the professional position of a future specialist in a foreign-language environment is noted. The main goal of teaching a foreign language (the formation of students' communicative competence, which means mastering the language as a means of intercultural communication) is defined. The types of speech activity that cover the content of teaching a foreign language are highlighted. The main types of assessment in a foreign language are shown - current (non-classroom), thematic, semester, annual assessment and final state certification. The task of the teacher is drawn, which is to create conditions for practical language acquisition for each student, to choose such teaching methods by means of information technologies that would allow each student to show their activity, their creativity; to activate the cognitive activity of the student in the process of learning a foreign language.