• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.155-159
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• 1989

The introduction of six kinds of teas in Koryo dynasty and tea-making in domestic were investigated. The results were certified as follows. 1. Lump-tea was introduced and then also produced in domestic. 2. It is assumed that scented-tea was made from white-tea. 3. It is assumed that strong-tea and large tea were blue tea. 4. Leap-tea, green-tea were druncken at the end of Koryo dynasty.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.24
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

When tea trees were introduced to Korea peninsular from China? Historically, Mr. Taeryum, an envoy of Shilla dynasty brought tea seeds from China during Tang dynasty and the seeds were planted at Jiri Mt. by the order of King Heungduk at AD828. During Koryo Dynasty(918 1392), Buddhism spread rapidly all over the country and the tea culture reached its highest stage of prosperity. At the Chosun Dynasty, however, the ceremonial drinking of tea vanished almost completely due to the flourishing Confucian tradition, a kind of substitution of Buddhism. But a few people have supported the traditional tea culture by themselves. Since the independence of Korea soon after the World War II at 1945, Korean War have been exploded at 1950. After economic evolution have been succeeded at 1980, the cultivation area of tea trees has been increased about 2,000ha and the cultural tradition of tea drinking has become popular again at a tea consume quantities amounted to 100g per capita at 2004. The northern limited area of tea plant is lined on the southern part of Korea peninsular. It is very small region compared to China about one million ha and to Japan over 60 thousand ha. It is problem not only the area of tea fields but also the methodology of tea cultivation, for examples without clonal cultivars and mechanical systems. WTO treatments was discussing with Korea, China and Japan government at 2005. Green tea custom is very high at 514% in Korea. If three countries will be agreed the imported tax will be cut off, the Korean tea farmers will be confused because of unstable situation of tea markets. All most of tea farmers should be made the tea fields by seeding not clonal propagation. Because of clonal cultivars have not developed in Korea, there have not been the research institutes for tea plants and manufactures before 1992. Now there are three research institute of tea in Korea; Tea Experiment Station at Bosung of Jeonnam Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Mokpo Experimental Station of National Institute of Crop Science, and Green Tea Cluster Institute of Hadong. Mokpo and Hadong Research Station were established at 2004 and at 2005 but Bosung Station was established at 1992. Seven clonal tea cultivers were selected at Bosung Station; Bohyang, Myngsun, Chanlok, Sunhyang, Mihyang, Jinhyang and Ohsun until 2004. Mokpo Experimental Institute was started the tea provenance testing about 4 provenances: Kangwon-do, Jeonlabuk-do, Jeonlanam-do, and Kyungsangnam-do. Korean new tea cultivers should be selected because Koran wild tea population have been high genetic variation. If tea breeding research will be successful to select new clonal cultivers, the tea farmers of Korea will be stable after WTO treatment with each country.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.675-682
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• 2005

This study was aimed to determine microbiological quality by adding green tea extracts to chicken meat salad. For this study, Chicken meat salad were prepared with two production method. (method 1: addition of green tea extracts to boiling phase, method 2: addition of green tea extracts to salad dressing) Microbiological effects of green tea extracts were assessed during production process by measuring process time, temperature, pH and Aw and determining total plate counts and coliforms. Effects of green tea extracts on total plate counts and coliforms were observed during holding at 3, 10, $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours. Green tea extracts improved the microbiological quality and showed antibacterial properties when they are added to chicken meat salad.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.206-212
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• 2001

Water extract of green tea(GTW) and 70% ethanol extract of green tea(GTE) were prepared for the test of antibacterial activity. The sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium to the green tea extracts in various pH of culture broth was tested. Tryptic soy broth(TSB) containing 0∼2%(w/v) of green tea extracts was adjusted to pH 5.0∼7.0 and inoculated with 10$\^$5/∼10$\^$6/ cells/ml of each bacteria. The plate counting method and clear zone test were used to determine inhibitory effect of green tea extracts. Green tea extracts completely inhibited the growth of S. aureus at 0.5% level and bactercidal at 0.5∼1.0% level of GTW and GTE at pH 5.0∼7.0. Green tea extracts were bactercidal to S. typhimurium at 1.5∼2.0% level of GTW and 1.0∼2.0% level of GTE at pH 7.0. Sal. typhimurium was more resistant than S. aureus. in same concentration of green tea extracts at same pH. The resistance of S. aureus and Sal. typhimurium was increased with decreasing pH of culture broth. The morphology of S. aureus cells treated with green tea extracts showed damage of cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. Severely damaged cells of S. aureus lost electron dense material and cytoplasm. Green tea extracts stimulated autolysis and cell death of S. aureus. This result suggests that green tea extracts can be used as an effective natural antibacterial agent in food.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.848-860
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to help children with poor learning capacity to enhance their sense of self-efficacy by providing them the tea-culture education program. It had been executed for the target participants of 11 in 2012, 19 in 2013 and 24 in 2014 respectively during 3 years the participants who were recruited by 00 District office Dream start. The scores of pretest and posttest for the item of self-efficacy by gender did not show a significant meaning in 2012, while the scores of self-efficacy of female students were identified as higher than those of male students in 2013 and 2014. As the result of applying the tea-culture education program, there was no meaningful difference in the item of social self-efficacy among the sub-components of typical self-efficacy in 2013, but all has been revealed as improved in 2012, 2013, and 2014 including sub-variables such as learning self-efficacy, social self-efficacy and emotional self-efficacy as well as the general self-efficacy. Thus, the results of this investigation show that the tea-culture education program were effective in developing the self-efficacy of learning maladjusted children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 1990

During the Chosun dynasty there were royal proprieties of tea ritual mainly for the purpose of serving envoys from neighboring countries and offering of a new product to the Deity. There were Buddhist proprieties of tea ritual representing religious ideals of each sect of Buddhism. And Confucian tea rituals were performed in accordance with the book entitled Kare (a family code of decorum) written by Chuja. Besides these there, were Taoist proprieties of the ritual.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2016

Tea is an aqueous infusion of dried leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis L. and is the second most widely consumed beverage around the world after water. Aroma compounds of tea differ largely depending on the manufacturing process, even from the same categories of different origins. The flavor of tea can be divided into two categories: taste (non-volatile compounds) and aroma (volatile compounds). In the present study, we review the formation mechanism of main aromas generated from carotenoids, lipids, glycosides as precursors, and Maillard reaction during the tea manufacturing process, with biological and chemical mechanisms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the perception and using behavior for the Green Tea by a survey. The subjects of this study were consisted of 43.1% of males and 56.9% of females in Daegu city and Gyeong-Sang Buk-Do Province. The main results are as follows : About 85.9% of the participants preferred the Green Tea owing to good for health but the others didn't like owing to not delicious. 51.1% of the subjects had one cup of Green Tea per day. The responses to the 13 questions of the Green Tea were measured on 5 point Likert scale. The item 'Green Tea is natural food' received the highest point but 'Green Tea is delicious' received the lowest. About one half of total subjects knew how to make the Green Tea and 40.4% of them learned the recipes from their mother. About 63.7% replied 'Increasing' prospects for the Green Tea consumption. About 53.7% said the plan should be 'made of good quality Green Tea' for the purpose of better improvement and extention of consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.308-314
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• 2009

In this study, we examined the composition of catechins, theaflavins and alkaloids in leaves during processing to fermented black tea, which is produced by withering, roll breaking, and fermentation of Korean Yabukida tea plant. In addition, we determined the optimal conditions for the production of fermented black tea. The average moisture content in fresh leaves was 70.85%, which dropped to 3.07% in fermented black tea at the last stage of production. When the leaves were analyzed by HPLC, seven types of catechins, four types of theaflavins and three types of alkaloids were identified. The levels of catechins, theaflavins, and alkaloids were then evaluated after being processed into fermented tea. From these experiments, we found that the level of theaflavins, which determines the property of the tea, increased during fermentation. This effect resulted from the change in EGCG, ECG, EGC, EC during the process of fermentation. We also found that the maximal amount of theaflavins was created after 1-2 hours of fermentation. Thus, our results imply that the best condition for producing fermented black tea would be to ferment for 1-2 hours.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.190-197
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• 2011

Chungtaejeon is a traditional tea introduced in the age of the Three States and is the only "Don-cha" culture in the world that survived on the southwestern shore of Korea. To restore Chungtaejeon and to make the tea with consistent quality, the microorganisms involved in traditional type fermentation of Chungtaejeon were isolated, and the tea was prepared with high fermentation ability starters. The sensuous characteristics of Chungtaejeon were also examined. Only Bacilli were found in 3 and 5 year aged Chungtaejeon samples. The Lactobacilli were isolated from properly fermented kimchi and one of them showed high growth capability in media containing green tea extract and also showed strong antagonistic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus, Salmonella, and E. coli. It was identified and named Lactobacillus plantarum CHO25. Chungtaejeon was fermented with a single starter of L. plantarum CHO25 and with a mixed starter (L. plantarum CHO25, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CHO104). The single fermented sample had the highest cell growth after 5 days of inoculation and the level decreased slowly thereafter. The mixed fermented sample showed strong growth of S. cerevisiae. The highest hunter values were the a value of the single fermented sample and the b value of the mixed sample. The single fermented tea showed the best incense score.