• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6655-6665
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• 2015

Due to tightened environmental regulations on halogen type flame retardants, the portions of those based on phosphorous compounds that are non-halogen type is rising. When producing functional film, the physical and thermal properties become distinctly different depending on the amount of Red-phosphorus(RP) addition which causes flame resistance. The physical properties of resin fall in big scale when too much flame retardants are added, and it is hard to be applied to functional films such as shrink or anticorrosive film. The purpose of this research is to study the effects on mechanical, physical, and other properties of RP-LDPE films by changing the RP-MB contents. The LDPE film used for this study was produced through blow-type injection molding. The flame resistance was VTM-0, and the tear resistance showed inverse trends of MD and TD. Contraction percentage showed no relationship with the amount of RP content, but the anti-corrosive property showed 0.05 % better result than the national anti-corrosion shrink film reliability standard.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.316-328
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the prevalence and abundance of 9 representative periodontal pathogens in the saliva samples of periodontally healthy subjects (PH) and patients with periodontitis who underwent supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). The age-specific distribution of these pathogens in periodontally healthy individuals was also analyzed. Methods: One hundred subjects (aged >35 years) were recruited (50 each in the PH and SPT groups) between August 2016 and April 2019. The prevalence and abundance of periodontal pathogens in the PH group were compared with those in periodontally healthy young subjects (94 subjects; aged <35 years), who were included in our previous study. DNA copy numbers of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (Pa), and Eikenella corrodens (Ec) were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The detection frequencies of all pathogens, except Aa, were high in the PH and SPT groups. The ranking order of pathogen DNA copy numbers was similar in both groups. In both groups, Fn had the highest abundance, Aa had the lowest abundance. Additionally, Td was significantly more abundant in men than in women in both groups (P<0.05). Compared with the PH group, the SPT group exhibited significantly lower total bacteria and Fn abundance and higher Pg abundance (P<0.05). The age-specific pathogen distribution analysis revealed a significantly low Aa abundance and high Tf and Cr abundance in the PH group. Conclusions: The clinical parameters and microbial profiles were similar between the SPT and PH groups. However, patients with periodontitis require supportive care to prevent recurrence. As the abundance of some bacteria varied with age, future studies must elucidate the correlation between age-related physiological changes and periodontal bacterial composition.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.760-768
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• 2004

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in early pregnancy diagnosis in goats. Ultrasonographic scanning with real time B-mode ultrasound machine having 5 MHz linear array transducer was performed on gravid uterus (n=24) obtained from slaughterhouse (Group I). Crown rump length (CRL) measured by ultrasound was found significantly different (p<0.05) with actual CRL measured after dissection in early pregnancy. However, age predicted by ultrasound through the measurement of CRL was found highly correlated (r=0.92) with age measured after dissection through CRL and the weight of fetus. Ages predicted by ultrasound through the measurement of trunk diameter (TD) and uterine diameter (UD) and ages measured after dissection were found highly and equally correlated (r=0.98) and did not differ significantly. Data from six does synchronized (Group II) with PGF2$\alpha$ (Estrumate) at 11 days apart were collected through ultrasound from 17 to 42 days post breding. The correlation between CRL and gestational age was high (r=0.97) in day 30 to 42 post breeding. A high coefficient of correlation (r=0.98) was also observed between predicated age by ultrasound and actual age calculated after kidding. The correlation between CRL and gestational age by the formula Y=(a+bX) i.e. Y=24.42+0.39 X where Y=gestational age and X=CRL, was recorded very high (r=0.99). Accuracy of ultrasonography was lowest on day 17 to 19 (66%) and reached 100% on day 34. Data from 30 does (group III) randomly subjected to only one time ultrasounds scanning to assess the accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis were also obtained. Ages predicted by TD and UD measurements were observed to be non-significantly different with actual age obtained after kidding and correlation between ages predicted by TD and UD measurement with actual age after kidding was found equally and highly correlated (r=0.98). The operator's accuracy in the whole experiment including all three groups was found to be 92%. The sensitivity was 93% and specificity was 86%. From the present study, it was observed that CRL was the most reliable parameter to find out gestational age in early pregnancy and the new formula derived was found very accurate to find out gestational age. TD and UD were also found to be equally reliable parameter to find out gestational age in mid and late stage of pregnancy through ultrasonography. It was concluded that ultrasonography by real time B mode with 5 MHz transrectal transducer was found to be reliable, safe and accurate and practicable means in diagnosing early pregnancy diagnosis as early as 25 days post breeding.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.386-396
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• 2001

Mixtures Of AUC-UO$_2$and Gd$_2$O$_3$ Powders doped With Cr$_2$O$_3$ or Cr$_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$ were Pressed and sintered at 1730 t in hydrogen gas witk various water-vapor contents. The density of UO$_2$- 6wt% Gd$_2$O$_3$ pellets can be increased from 91% TD to 94.5% TD in 1 vol% $H_2O$-H$_2$ gases by the addition of 0.02wt% Cr$_2$O$_3$-(0.01~0.04) wt% SiO$_2$. The magnitude of density increase is much larger in (1~3 vol%) $H_2O$-H$_2$ gases than in 0.05 vol% $H_2O$-H$_2$ gas. The densification of U0$_2$- Gd$_2$O$_3$ compact is significantly delayed in the temperature range between 1300 and 1500 t , but that of compacts with Cr$_2$O$_3$-SiO$_2$ is not. The role of Cr$_2$O$_3$ and SiO$_2$ in densification is discussed.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.116-126
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• 2022

Purpose: This study evaluated the efficacy of treating periodontitis using subgingival nano-hydroxyapatite powder with an air abrasion device (NHAPA) combined with scaling and root planing (SRP). Methods: A total of 28 patients with stage III periodontitis (grade B) were included in this study, although 1 was lost during follow-up and 3 used antibiotics. The patients were divided into a test group and a control group. All patients first received whole-mouth SRP using hand instruments, and a split-mouth approach was used for the second treatment. In the test group, the teeth were treated with NHAPA for 15 seconds at 70% power per pocket. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from the 2 deepest pockets at the test and control sites before treatment (baseline) and 3 months after treatment. The full-mouth plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and at 1- and 3-month post-treatment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the colonisation of Treponema denticola (Td), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival plaque. Results: From baseline to the first month, the test group showed significantly larger changes in BOP and CAL (43.705%±27.495% and 1.160±0.747 mm, respectively) than the control group (36.311%±27.599% and 0.947±0.635 mm, respectively). Periodontal parameters had improved in both groups at 3 months. The reductions of PI, GI, BOP, PD, and CAL in the test group at 3 months were greater and statistically significant. The total bacterial count and Td and Pg species had decreased significantly by the third month in both groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Applying NHAPA in addition to SRP improves clinical periodontal parameters more than SRP alone. Subgingival NHAPA may encourage clot adhesion to tooth surfaces by increasing surface wettability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.298-300
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• 2003

ea­RED(Efficient Adaptive RED)[1][2]는 다수의 TCP 커넥션이 경쟁하는 병목구간에서 인터넷 라우터 버퍼를 능동적으로 관리하는 다양한 AQM(Active Queue Management) 알고리즘 중의 하나로 RED 라우터 버퍼 관리 알고리즘의 성능을 개선한 라우터 버퍼 관리 알고리즘이다. RED 라우터가 TD 라우터와 같은 네트워크 퍼포먼스를 유지하면서 TCP 커넥션 간 페어니스를 향상시키기 위해서는 link bandwidth. active 커넥션 수. congestion level 등에 대한 네트워크 상태를 고려하여 파라미터에 적절한 값을 설정해야만 한다. 문제는 다이내믹하게 변하는 네트워크 상황에 적합한 파라미터 값을 초기에 설정해주는 것이 매우 어렵다는 점이다. [3]. ea­RED는 max threshold와 min threshold 값을 네트워크 상황에 따라 동적으로 조절함으로써 이런 문제를 해결했고, 기존 RED에 비해 라우터 버퍼는 50% 정도만 사용하면서도, 페어니스 인덱스(Fairness Index)[4]가 최대 41.42% 개선되었다. [1] [2] 그러나 송신 TCP 커넥션의 수가 늘어날수록 성능향상에 대한 효과가 감소되었고, 드롭 패킷수가 TD나 RED 라우터 버퍼관리 알고리즘에 비해 많았기 때문에 라우터의 출력(output) 총 패킷 용량이 최대 약 2.3% 정도 TD나 RED 라우터 버퍼관리 알고리즘에 비해 적었다. 이 부분을 개선하기 위해 기존 ea­RED 알고리즘에 LR_Lines 예측 알고리즘을 적용한 ea­RED++ 알고리즘을 구현하였고, 실험 결과 페어니스 인덱스는 기존 ea­RED에 비해 최대 약 30% 정도 향상되었고, 총 output 패킷 용량의 손실률은 최대 50%정도 감소하여 기존 ea­RED에 비해 향상된 성능을 보여주었다.웍스 네트워크상의 다양한 디바이스들간의 네트워크 다양화와 분산화 기능을 얻을 수 있었고, 기존의 고가의 해외 솔루션인 Echelon사의 LonMaker 소프트웨어를 사용하지 않고도 국내의 순수 솔루션인 리눅스 기반의 LonWare 3.0 다중 바인딩 기능을 통해 저 비용으로 홈 네트워크 구성 관리 서버 시스템 개발에 대한 비용을 줄일 수 있다. 기대된다.e 함량이 대체로 높게 나타났다. 점미가 수가용성분에서 goucose대비 용출함량이 고르게 나타나는 경향을 보였고 흑미는 알칼리가용분에서 glucose가 상당량(0.68%) 포함되고 있음을 보여주었고 arabinose(0.68%), xylose(0.05%)도 다른 종류에 비해서 다량 함유한 것으로 나타났다. 흑미는 총식이섬유 함량이 높고 pectic substances, hemicellulose, uronic acid 함량이 높아서 콜레스테롤 저하 등의 효과가 기대되며 고섬유식품으로서 조리 특성 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.리하였다. 얻어진 소견(所見)은 다음과 같았다. 1. 모년령(母年齡), 임신회수(姙娠回數), 임신기간(姙娠其間), 출산시체중등(出産時體重等)의 제요인(諸要因)은 주산기사망(周産基死亡)에 대(對)하여 통계적(統計的)으로 유의(有意)한 영향을 미치고 있어 $25{\sim}29$세(歲)의 연령군에서, 2번째 임신과 2번째의 출산에서 그리고 만삭의 임신 기간에, 출산시체중(出産時體重) $3.50{\sim}3.99kg$사이의 아이에서 그 주산기사망률(周産基死亡率)이 각각 가장 낮았다. 2. 사산(死産)과 초생아사망(初生兒死亡)을 구분(區分)하여 고려해 볼때 사산(死産)은 모성(母性)의 임신력(姙娠歷)과 매우 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 사료(思料)되었고 초생아사망(初生兒死亡)은 미숙아(未熟兒)와 이에 관련된 병

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2001

We measured the electron transport coefficients, the electron drift velocity, W, and the longitudinal diffusion coefficient, $D_{L}$, over the E/N range from 0.03 to 100 Td and gas pressure range from 0.133 to 122 kPa in the 0.526% and 5.05% $C_{3}F_{8}$-Ar mixtures by the double shutter drift tube with variable drift distance. And we calculated these electron transport coefficients by using multi-term approximation of Boltzmann equation analysis. We determined the electron collision cross sections set for $C_{3}F_{8}$ molecule by the comparison of measurement and calculation. Our special attention in the present study was focused upon the inelastic collision cross sections of the $C_{3}F_{8}$ molecule.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.301-306
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• 2006

The electron drift velocity W and the product of the longitudinal diffusion coefficient and the gas number density $ND_{L}$ in the $0.525\;\%$ and $5.05\;\%$ $C_{3}F_8-Ar$ mixtures were measured by using the double shutter drift tube with variable drift distance over the E/N range from 0.03 to 100 Td and gas pressure range from 1 to 915 torr. And we determined the electron collision cross sections set for the $C_{3}F_8$ molecule by STEP 1 of electron swarm method using a multi-term Boltzmann equation analysis. Our special attention in the present study was focused upon the vibrational excitation and new excitations cross sections of the $C_{3}F_8$ molecule.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2359-2362
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the effects of double radiofrequency hyperthermia on Th1/Th2 cells in esophageal cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: 22 patients with esophageal cancer were divided into a radiotherapy group (10 cases) and a combined group (double radiofrequency hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy group, 12 cases). Both groups received conventional radiotherapy using a cobalt-60 therapy apparatus (TD60-66Gy/30-33F). Patients in the combined group also underwent double radiofrequency hyperthermia (2F/W, 8-10F). Before and after treatment, Th1, Th2, Tc1 and Tc2 cells in peripheral blood were determined with flow cytometry. Results: In the radiotherapy group, Th1 cell contents before and after radiotherapy were $17.5{\pm}5.26%$ and $9.69{\pm}4.86%$, respectively, with a significant difference (p<0.01). The Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly decreased from $28.2{\pm}14.3$ to $16.5{\pm}10.4 $(p<0.01). In the combined group, Th1 cell content before radiotherapy was $15.9{\pm}8.18%$, and it increased to $18.6{\pm}8.84$ after radiotherapy (p>0.05), the Th1/Th2 ratio decreasing from $38.4{\pm}36.3$ to $28.1{\pm}24.0$ (p>0.05). Changes in Th2, Tc1 and Tc2 cell levels were not significant in the two groups before and after therapy (p>0.05). Conclusions: Double radiofrequency hyperthermia can promote the conversion from Th2 to Th1 cells, and regulate the balance of Th1/Th2 cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.315-321
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• 1992

The utilization of feeding white sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniwhite) seeds supplemented with the limiting amino acids were investigated in day-old single comb White Leghorn male chicks. These were fed a commercial chick mash for the first 10 days and on a semi-synthetic protein-free diet for the next 6 days. For the subsequent 6 days of experimental feeding period, the birds were fed on the protein-free diet, basal diet containing 9.31% of lupin seed meal (LSM) protein, diets supplemented with methionine, methionine + tryptophan or methionine + tryptophan + lysine in the basal diet, and diet containing 9.84% of soybean meal (SBM) protein. When the LSM protein was supplemented with methionine, protein intake, body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) were increased (p<0.05). The birds excreted lower urinary nitrogen and fecal nitrogen per protein comsumption, had improved apparent (AD) and true (TD) digestibility but did not alter biological value (BV) of the protein. Metabolizability (MEn/GE) and heat production (HP) per MEn intake (HP/MEn) was lowered while energy retention (ER) was highered (p<0.05) compared with those of the basal diet. Also the body weight gain, PER, NPR and ER was increased but the BV and HP/MEn was lowered compared with those of the SBM protein. The results indicated that lupin seed supplemented with methionine increase body weight gain and energy rentention but did not alter biological value compared with those of lupin seed and soybean meal.