• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.308-345
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• 2021

Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel is an ectomycorrhizal genus that was recently recognized to be distinct from the genus Lactarius. To date, 226 Lactifluus species have been reported worldwide. Misidentification of Lactifluus species is common because of intraspecific morphological variation, cryptic diversity, and the limited number of taxonomic keys available. Molecular data are indispensable for species delimitation; a multilocus phylogenetic analysis showed that most Asian Lactifluus species are not conspecific with morphologically similar species present on other continents. In particular, Korea has misused European and North American Lactifluus names. In this study, we evaluated the taxonomy of Lactifluus in Korea using both morphological and multilocus molecular (ITS, nrLSU, rpb1, and rpb2) data. We examined 199 Lactifluus specimens collected between 1980 and 2016, and a total of 24 species across the four Lactifluus subgenera were identified. All Korean species are distinct and clearly separated from European and North American species. Five taxa corresponded to previously described species from Asia and the remaining 19 taxa are confirmed as new species. Herein, we provide keys to the Korean Lactifluus species within their subgenera, molecular phylogenies, a summary of diversity, and detailed description of the new species.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2020

The biological indices based on the community structure with species richness and/or abundance are commonly used to assess aquatic ecosystem health. Meanwhile, recently functional traits-based approach is considered in ecosystem health assessment to reflect ecosystem functioning. In this study, we developed a database of biological traits for 136 taxa consisting of major stream insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, and Odonata) collected at Korean streams on the nationwide scale. In addition, we obtained environmental variables in five categories (geography, climate, land use, hydrology and physicochemistry) measured at each sampling site. We evaluated the relationships between community indices based on taxonomic diversity and functional diversity estimated from biological traits. We classified sampling sites based on similarities of their environmental variables and evaluated relations between clusters of sampling sites and diversity indices and biological traits. Our results showed that functional diversity was highly correlated with Shannon diversity index and species richness. The six clusters of sampling sites defined by a hierarchical cluster analysis reflected differences of their environmental variables. Samples in cluster 1 were mostly from high altitude areas, whereas samples in cluster 6 were from lowland areas. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) displayed similar patterns with cluster analysis and presented variation of taxonomic diversity and functional diversity. Based on NMDS and community-weighted mean trait value matrix, species in clusters 1-3 displayed the resistance strategy in the life history strategy to the environmental variables whereas species in clusters 4-6 presented the resilience strategy. These results suggest that functional diversity can complement the biological monitoring assessment based on taxonomic diversity and can be used as biological monitoring assessment tool reflecting changes of ecosystem functioning responding to environmental changes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.130-141
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• 2020

National parks in Korea are subject to a survey of natural resources every five years, according to the Natural Parks Act. This study analyzed the insect diversity in each of the 21 national parks conducted as part of the Third Nature Resource Survey of National Parks (2010~2018). It compared insect diversity in each national park national biodiversity with insect diversity in all national parks and analyzed the uncollected sub-taxonomic groups of each taxonomic group and the legally protected species. The Third Nature Resource Survey identified 5,584 species in 456 families in 21 orders in all national parks, and they accounted for 31.3% of 17,848 species in the national insect diversity. By taxonomic group, Lepidoptera was the most frequently found with 2,195 species, followed by beetles (1,495 species), fellings (712 species), and stink bugs (515 species). By national park, Odaesan national park showed the highest insect diversity with 1,963 species, followed by Sobeaksan national park (1,511), Hanryeohaesang national park (1,321), Gayasan national park (1,282), Juwangsan national park (1,265), Dadohaehaesang national park (1,264), Woraksan national park (1,251), and Jirisan national park (1,240). The legally protected species included 3 species of endangered species rank I, 11 species of endangered species rank II, 12 climate change indicator species, 139 endemic species, and 532 species requiring approval for cross-border transfer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.1005-1012
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the taxonomic composition and diversity of fecal microbiota between birth and weaning stages of Halla horses using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis. Proteobacteria (35.7%) and Firmicutes (45.6%) were identified as the most common phylum in birth and weaning, respectively. Escherichia (19.7%) and Clostridium (14.0%) were observed as the most dominant genus in birth, and Fibrobacter (6.6%) was the highest in weaning. The results of α-diversity showed that the richness and evenness in microbial communities were statistically significant (p<0.001) in birth and weaning. The results of β-diversity indicated that the birth and weaning stages were clearly divided into two groups at the genus and species levels. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) showed that the microbiota composition differences between birth and weaning were statistically significant (q<0.001). A linear discriminant analysis effect (LEfSe) was performed to select taxonomic makers between the birth and weaning stages. On the genus level, Escherichia, Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Methylobacterium were relatively abundant at birth, whereas Fibrobacter was more abundant at weaning. We expect that this research can be utilized as basic data in the identification of microbial communities involved in disease prevention and nutrient absorption in Halla horses.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2020

Pagurus is the most diverse hermit crab genus in Korea. In this study, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA of 24 individuals from four Korean Pagurus species (i.e., 7 Pagurus brachiomastus, 8 P. proximus, 8 P. simulans, and 1 P. rectidactylus) were sequenced and analyzed. No genetic difference was found between the COI and 16S rRNA sequences of P. brachiomastus and P. simulans, and the COI sequences of P. rectidactylus and P. quinquelineatus (comparative species from NCBI). Considering the morphological and ecological characteristics together, we assume that P. simulans and P. rectidactylus are subspecies of P. brachiomastus and P. quinquelineatus, respectively. This study should facilitate further research on the taxonomic status of these species.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.60-77
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• 2020

Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) consists of six subfamilies, which are divided into three groups according to larval ecological habits (phytophagous, mycophagous, and zoophagous). The five basal subfamilies of Cecidomyiidae consist entirely of mycophagous species, with approximately 1500 species described worldwide and 29 previously known to occur in Korea. In this study, 37 named species (1 Lestremiinae, 29 Micromyinae, 4 Winnertziinae, and 3 Porricondylinae species) are newly reported from South Korea. We excluded Lestremia yasukunii Shinji from the list of Korean mycophagous cecidomyiids as it is a nomen nudum. Therefore, we herein officially recognize 65 species, 30 genera, and four subfamilies for the Korean mycophagous cecidomyiid fauna. We also provide diagnoses and photographs to aid species identification and discussion on the four years of gall midge taxonomic inventory in South Korea.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.114-117
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• 2015

The taxonomic study of the genus Myzia Mulsant, 1846 in Korea is presented. The genus Myzia contains five species worldwide and two species currently recognized in Palaearctic region. Until now, only M. oblongoguttata (Linnaeus, 1758) has been known in Korea, but we found M. gebleri (Crotch, 1874) for the first time in Korea. We redescribed these two Korean species of the genus Myzia with photographs of the habitus and detailed illustrations of their aedeagus and other appendages. A taxonomic key to the species of Korean Myzia beetles are also provided.

• Mycobiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2010

We conducted a species diversity study of the hypogeous Ascomycetes of Israel. The hypogeous Ascomycetes in Israel include members of the families Pyronemataceae, Pezizaceae, and Tuberaceae, which are represented by seven species: Hydnocystis piligera, Terfezia arenaria, T. claveryi, T. oligosperma, Tirmania africana, Tuber asa, and T. nitidum; only T. asa is new to Israeli mycobiota. Synonymy, locations, collection data, general distribution, distribution in Israel, descriptions, a key to identification, illustrations, and taxonomic remarks are provided.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.91-105
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• 2001

Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of firefly in Japan have been reviewed. Fourty-six lampyrid species and one rhagophthalmid are distributed in the Japanese Islands including the Ryukyus. Recently, molecular phylogenetic approaches have been employed in the systematic study of firefly using mitochondrial and luciferase genes. Based on the molecular phylogenetic trees, evolutionary process of flashing patterns related strictly to mating behavior was estimated. Furthermore, genetic diversity studies revealed geographic differentiation patterns within species, and conservation measures of firefly were proposed to protect genetic resources endemic to the localities.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2016

Background: Rhizospheric fungi play an essential role in the plantesoil ecosystem, affecting plant growth and health. In this study, we evaluated the fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soil of 2-yr-old healthy Panax notoginseng cultivated in Wenshan, China. Methods: Culture-independent Illumina MiSeq and culture-dependent techniques, combining molecular and morphological characteristics, were used to analyze the rhizospheric fungal diversity. A diffusion test was used to challenge the phytopathogens of P. notoginseng. Results: A total of 16,130 paired-end reads of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 were generated and clustered into 860 operational taxonomic units at 97% sequence similarity. All the operational taxonomic units were assigned to five phyla and 79 genera. Zygomycota (46.2%) and Ascomycota (37.8%) were the dominant taxa; Mortierella and unclassified Mortierellales accounted for a large proportion (44.9%) at genus level. The relative abundance of Fusarium and Phoma sequenceswas high, accounting for 12.9% and 5.5%, respectively. In total,113 fungal isolates were isolated from rhizosphere soil. They were assigned to five classes, eight orders (except for an Incertae sedis), 26 genera, and 43 species based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer. Fusarium was the most isolated genus with six species (24 isolates, 21.2%). The abundance of Phoma was also relatively high (8.0%). Thirteen isolates displayed antimicrobial activity against at least one test fungus. Conclusion: Our results suggest that diverse fungi including potential pathogenic ones exist in the rhizosphere soil of 2-yr-old P. notoginseng and that antagonistic isolates may be useful for biological control of pathogens.