• Architectural research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

Effects of physical attributes of workstation enclosures on the performance of office workers with different difficult levels of office tasks and moods are presented. Performance scores in complex tasks were expected to increase with greater workstation enclosures while those in simple tasks would be the same. Mood ratings were expected to be higher in lower workstation enclosures. Performance of 102 college students on ambient office sounds (45 dBA) with office tasks were measured for 100 minutes under three different workplace enclosures: (1) four foot partitions on two sides; (2) six foot partitions on three sides; and (3) a fully enclosed workstation with eight foot partitions. The tasks were to memorize a paragraph with 130 words (complex task) and to search phone numbers (simple task). The complex task performance in the fully enclosed workstation was increased compared to that in the workstation with four foot partitions (p < 0.001) and to that in the workstation with six foot partitions (p < 0.05). However, occupants in the fully enclosed workstation with office sounds without speech generally gave higher mood ratings. It indicates that closed individual offices may offer important contributions to collaborative work as well as individual productivity. These findings would help design community revise open plan design to increase collaboration among office workers.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2013

Using a target detection task, this study compared the processing automaticity of phonemes and features in spoken syllable stimuli to determine the primitive representation in speech perception, phoneme or distinctive feature. For this, we modified the visual search task(Treisman et al., 1992) developed to investigate the processing of visual features(ex. color, shape or their conjunction) for auditory stimuli. In our task, the distinctive features(ex. aspiration or coronal) corresponded to visual primitive features(ex. color and shape), and the phonemes(ex. /$t^h$/) to visual conjunctive features(ex. colored shapes). The automaticity is measured by the set size effect that was the increasing amount of reaction time when the number of distracters increased. Three experiments were conducted. The laryngeal features(experiment 1), the manner features(experiment 2), and the place features(experiment 3) were compared with phonemes. The results showed that the distinctive features are consistently processed faster and automatically than the phonemes. Additionally there were differences in the processing automaticity among the classes of distinctive features. The laryngeal features are the most automatic, the manner features are moderately automatic and the place features are the least automatic. These results are consistent with the previous studies(Bae et al., 2002; Bae, 2010) that showed the perceptual hierarchy of distinctive features.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제14B권2호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2007

가상환경에서 학습 방식에 따른 학습 효과를 학습자의 주의와 기억량 분석을 중심으로 연구하였다. 교안유도 방식(Guided learning)과 고안 비유도 방식(Unguided learning)의 학습이 주어진 상태에서 뇌파, 심전도, 피부저항과 시선추적 생체신호장비를 사용하여 학습자 주의측정을 하였고, 학습자의 학습태도, 느낌, 기억량 등을 실험시 비디오와 실험 후 설문분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과는 교안유도 방식이 학습자의 주의를 교안으로 끄는 데는 효율적이어서 많은 교안내용을 기억하게 했으나, 교안비유도 방식에 비해 상대적으로 학습자가 느끼는 체감 흥미는 떨어진 것으로 나타났다. 그와는 대조적으로 교안비유도 방식에서 학습자들은 교안과 교안외 내용을 모두 비교적 광범위하게 기억하고 있었고, 능동적이며 자율적인 학습을 하였다. 또한 교안비유도 후 교안유도 방식의 학슬을 했을 경우 그 반대의 경우보다 훨씬 더 학습호과가 좋았다. 이는 교안비유도 방식이 사전 예비학습 효과를 주었기 때문으로 해석된다. 실험결과를 통해 본 논문에서는 교안비유도 방식을 먼저 학습한 후에 교안유도방식으로 학습을 진행하는 것이 학습자의 학습 효과와 체감흥미에서 더욱 효율적임을 제시하였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제15B권2호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2008

최근 들어 로봇 작업 계획기에 요구되는 중요한 기능 중의 하나가 이미 존재하는 컴포넌트 서비스들을 결합하여 새로운 서비스로 조합해낼 수 있는 계획 기능이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 컴포넌트 서비스 조합을 위한 커널모듈로 개발된 휴리스틱 탐색 계획기인 JPLAN의 설계와 구현에 대해 설명한다. JPLAN은 효율적인 상태 공간 탐색을 위해 지역 탐색 알고리즘과 계획 그래프 휴리스틱을 이용한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 지역 탐색 알고리즘인 EHC+는 FF 등의 상태 공간 계획기에 적용되어 높은 효율성을 보인 Enforced Hill-Climbing (EHC)을 확장한 것이다. EHC+는 EHC에 비해 소량의 추가적인 지역 탐색을 필요로 하지만 목표 상태까지 전체 탐색 양을 줄일 수 있고 더 짧은 계획을 얻을 수있다. 또한 본 본문에서는 대규모 상태 공간 탐색에 필수적인 효과적인 휴리스틱 추출 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 휴리스틱 추출방법은 Graphplan에서 계획 생성을 위해 처음 제안된 계획 그래프를 이용한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 계획 그래프 기반의 다양한 휴리스틱들을 소개하고, 이들이 계획 생성에 미치는 효과를 실험을 통해 분석해본다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2013

Together with soaring interest on Big Data, now there are vigorous reports that unearth various social values lying underneath those data from a number of application areas. Among those reports many are using such data as Internet search histories from Google site, social relationships from Facebook, and transactional or locational traces collected from various ubiquitous devices. Many of those researches, however, are conducted based on the data sets that are accumulated over the North American and European areas, which means that direct interpretation and application of social values exhibited by those researches to the other areas like Korea can be a disturbing task. This research has started from a validation study against Korean environment of the former paper which says an investment strategy that exploits up and down of Google search volume on a carefully selected set of terms shows high market performance. A huge difference between North American and Korean environment can be eye witnessed via the distinction in profit rates that are exhibited by the corresponding set of search terms. Two sets of search terms actually presented low correlation in their profit rates over two financial markets. Even in an experiment which compares the profit rates with two different investment periods with the same set of search terms showed no such meaningful result that outperforms the market average. With all these results, we cautiously conclude that establishing an investment strategy that exploits Internet search volume over a specified word set needs more conscious approach.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.188-201
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of online home learning in connection with extracurricular activities for lifelong education for the disabled in university on the cooking aids skills of cafeterias for the job search persons with developmental disabilities. Three people with job search developmental disabilities who have been in a state of unemployment for three years after graduating from a special high school course participated in the experiment. In order to verify the meaningful functional relationship between independent variables and dependent variables, multiple probe design across subjects, one of the main techniques of a single object study, was used. The experimental conditions according to the research design consisted of the steps of baseline, intervention, maintenance, and generalization. The dependent variable of this study is the restaurant cooking aid skills in the cafeteria, and three subskills such as side dish arrangement, sink arrangement, and dish washing were combined by task analysis. And the independent variable of this study was composed of procedures and methods to teach the environment, tools and materials related to the performance of dependent variables to the developmental disabled people at home by using real-time image technique through zoom service, and the contents of the performance by stages of task analysis. In addition, independent variables were applied to the subjects in the course of the extracurricular activities with the theme and contents of lifelong education for the disabled at university. Students who completed the above extracurricular activities practiced the intervention scene of the researcher through the screen sharing of zoom service. As a result, the subjects with developmental disabilities effectively acquired and maintained the positive response performance of dependent variables through independent variables. The subjects also showed high positive responses to generalization tests conducted in kitchens in cafeterias located elsewhere in the same university.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2002

이 논문에서는 20,000 단어급의 대어휘를 대상으로 실시간 연속음성 인식을 수행할 수 있는 탐색 방법을 제안한다. 기본적인 탐색 방법은 토큰 전파 방식의 비터비 (Viterbi) 디코딩 알고리듬을 이용한 1 패스로 구성된다. 언어 모델 네트워크를 도입하여 다양한 언어 모델들을 일관된 탐색 공간으로 구성하도록 하였으며, 프루닝(pruning) 단계에서 살아남은 토큰들로부터 동적으로 탐색 공간을 재구성하였다. 용이한 후처리를 위해 워드그래프 및 N개의 최적 문장을 출력할 수 있도록 비터비 알고리듬을 수정하였다. 이렇게 구성된 디코더는 20,000 단어급 데이터 베이스에 대해 테스트하였으며 인식률 및 RTF측면에서 평가되었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.267-272
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• 1994

This work presents a method of optimum design for reinforced concrete building frames with rectangular cross sections. The optimization techniques used is based on the principle of divided parameters. The design variable parameters are divided into two groups, external and internal, and the optimization is also divided into external and internal procedure. This principle overcomes difficulties arising from the presence of two materials in one element, the property peculiar to reinforced concrete. Several search algorithms are tested to verify their accuracy for the external optimization. Among them pattern search algorithms has been found consistent. This work proposes a new method, modified pattern search, and a number of sample problems prove its accuracy and usefulness. Exhaustive search for all local minima in the design spaces for two sample problems has been carried out to understand the nature of the problem. The number of local minima identified is quite more than expected and it has become understood that the researcher's task in this field is to find a better local minimum if not global. The designs produced by the method preposed have been found better than those from other method, and they are in full accord with ACI Building Code Requirments(ACI 318-89).

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제59호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2006

We report the evaluation results of the Korean speech recognition platform called ECHOS. The platform has an object-oriented and reusable architecture so that researchers can easily evaluate their own algorithms. The platform has all intrinsic modules to build a large vocabulary speech recognizer: Noise reduction, end-point detection, feature extraction, hidden Markov model (HMM)-based acoustic modeling, cross-word modeling, n-gram language modeling, n-best search, word graph generation, and Korean-specific language processing. The platform supports both lexical search trees and finite-state networks. It performs word-dependent n-best search with bigram in the forward search stage, and rescores the lattice with trigram in the backward stage. In an 8000-word continuous speech recognition task, the platform with a lexical tree increases 40% of word errors but decreases 50% of recognition time compared to the HTK platform with flat lexicon. ECHOS reduces 40% of recognition errors through incorporation of cross-word modeling. With the number of Gaussian mixtures increasing to 16, it yields word accuracy comparable to the previous lexical tree-based platform, Julius.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제32B권5호
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• pp.77-86
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• 1995

In this paper in order to reduce the encoding complexity required in the full search vector quantization(VQ), a new classified vector quantization(CVQ) technique is described employing the minimum-distance classifier. The determination of the optimal subcodebook sizes for each class is an important task in CVQ designs and is not an easy work. Therefore letting the subcodebook sizes be equal. A CVQ technique. Which satisties the optimal CVQ condition approximately, is proposed. The proposed CVQ is a kind of the partial search VQ because it requires a search process within each subcodebook only, and the minimum encoding complexity since the subcodebook sizes are the same in each class. But simulation results reveal while the encoding complexity is only O(N$^{1/2}$) comparing with O(N) of the full-search VQ. A simple systolic array, which has the through-put of k, is also proposed for the implementation of the VQ. Since the operation of the classifier is identical with that of the VQ, the proposed array is applied to both the classifier and the VQ in the proposed CVQ, which shows the usefulness of the proposed CVQ.