• 감성과학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2018

최근 자동차와 IT기술의 융합으로 차량 내 인포테인먼트 시스템이 운전자에게 편의 및 오락 기능을 제공하며 역할이 중요해지고 있다. 하지만 운전과 인포테인먼트 시스템을 조작하는 것은 동시에 시각 리소스를 요구하는 과제로 과제를 전환하며 수행해야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 운전 중 인포테인먼트 시스템 조작 상황에서 조작 과제의 난이도와 motor cue가 과제 전환과 운전 주행능력에 미치는 영향과 함께, motor cue의 효과가 조작 과제의 난이도 수준에 따라 차이가 있는지 보고자 하였다. motor cue와 조작 과제 난이도의 효과를 살펴보기 위해 반복되는 숫자가 청크 단위와 일치하는지에 따라 두 종류의 번호를 사용하였으며, 터치 키의 크기로 난이도 수준을 조절했다. 실험에서 참가자들은 모의 주행을 하며 스크린에 번호를 입력하도록 지시받았고, 과제 수행 중 번호 입력시간, 차선 유지능력, 숫자 키 입력 시간 간격과 핸들 움직임을 측정했다. 그 결과, 난이도 수준에 따라 운전 주행 능력과[F(1, 26) = 8.521, p < .001], 번호 입력 시간의 차이가 유의미했고[F(1, 26) = 35.372, p < .0001], 번호 종류에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 Incongruent 번호 입력 시, 청크로 구분된 두 숫자를 입력하는 시간의 간격과 핸들 움직임이 크게 증가하였다. 이는 반복된 숫자가 청크로 구분되어도 청크를 무시하고 한 번에 입력하였음을 나타낸다. 종합하면, 다중 과제 상황에서 청크 단위는 motor cue에 의해 상쇄되며 과제 전환 시점을 결정하는 데에 motor cue의 효과가 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of visual block (eyes open or closed), mental task type, and participation in an exercise program on static balance in the elderly. The subjects were 34 elderly (>65 years old) residents of a social welfare institute in Gyeonggi-do. We measured the following variables. Berg balance scale, mini mental state examination, balance performance monitor (sway area, path, and maximal sway velocity), age, weight, height and whether the subject participated in an exercise program. Scores for the Berg balance scale and mini mental state examination were evaluated to assess static balance ability either alone (single task paradigm) or while performing a mental task (dual task paradigm). Static balance variables that were measured included sway area, path, and maximal sway velocity. Each test was repeated three times. Multiple regressions analysis was used to examine the effect of each variable on static balance ability. For the dual task paradigm, static balance was affected by whether the subject participated in an exercise program. The Berg balance scale score for subjects with their eyes open was affected by whether they participated in an exercise program, while this variable in addition to the height and weight of subjects were determining variables in subjects with their eyes closed. As a result, whether subjects participated in an exercise program affected their static balance irrespective of whether their eyes open or closed. Therefore, regular exercise is recommended for elderly people and further research is needed to examine the relationship between static and dynamic balance while performing mental tasks such as cognition and attention.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2020

본 연구는 PBL 환경에서 과제참여 수준에 대한 몰입의 영향을 문제해결력이 매개하는지 탐색하기 위해서 수행되었다. 본 연구의 대상은 교육방법 및 교육공학 수강하는 예비유아교사 60명의 학생들을 대상으로 하였다. 연구를 위해서 몰입, 문제해결력, 과제참여 수준을 설문을 통해서 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS Macro 및 부트스트래핑(bootstrapping)방법을 사용하여 과제참여 수준에 대한 몰입의 영향에 대해 문제해결력이 매개 효과를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 과제참여 수준에 대해 몰입의 영향이 정적인 것으로 나타났으며, 문제해결력이 .292 수준에서 간접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 과제참여 수준에 대한 몰입의 영향을 문제해결력이 매개하는 것으로 검증되었다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통해서 PBL 활동에서 문제해결력 지원을 통해 과제참여 수준을 향상할 수 있는 시사점을 제시할 수 있다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2019

Background: Few studies have examined the effects of a forward rotating shift pattern on police employee performance and well-being. This study sought to compare sleep duration, cognitive performance, and vigilance at the start and end of each shift within a three-shift, forward rotating shift pattern, common in United Kingdom police forces. Methods: Twenty-three police employee participants were recruited from North Yorkshire Police (mean age, 43 years). The participants were all working the same, 10-day, forward rotating shift pattern. No other exclusion criteria were stipulated. Sleep data were gathered using both actigraphy and self-reported methods; cognitive performance and vigilance were assessed using a customized test battery, comprising five tests: motor praxis task, visual object learning task, NBACK, digital symbol substitution task, and psychomotor vigilance test. Statistical comparisons were conducted, taking into account the shift type, shift number, and the start and end of each shift worked. Results: Sleep duration was found to be significantly reduced after night shifts. Results showed a significant main effect of shift type in the visual object learning task and NBACK task and also a significant main effect of start/end in the digital symbol substitution task, along with a number of significant interactions. Conclusion: The results of the tests indicated that learning and practice effects may have an effect on results of some of the tests. However, it is also possible that due to the fast rotating nature of the shift pattern, participants did not adjust to any particular shift; hence, their performance in the cognitive and vigilance tests did not suffer significantly as a result of this particular shift pattern.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생의 그릿과 학업스트레스와의 관계에서 과제가치의 매개효과를 규명하는 것이다. 자료수집은 2021년 8월 31일부터 9월 9일까지 모바일 구글(Google) 설문지를 통해 이루어졌으며, 대상자는 3개 대학교의 간호대학생 총 192명이었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 20.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, t-test, one- way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, 다중회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 그릿은 학업스트레스와 통계적으로 유의한 부적 상관관계(r=-.51, p<.001), 과제가치와는 정적 상관관계(r=.38, p<.001)였으며, 과제가치와 학업스트레스는 정적 상관관계(r=-.67, p<.001)였다. 과제가치는 그릿과 학업스트레스와의 관계에서 부분 매개효과가 있었다(Z=-4.92, p<.001). 간호대학생의 학업스트레스 감소를 위해서는 그릿과 과제가치를 고려한 중재 프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.509-515
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was performed to examine the effect of stimulation task-oriented training on the balance ability of the hemiplegic patients caused by stroke. Methods : We made a random sampling of 25 hemiplegic patients caused by stroke. 10 patients(experimental group)were treated by simulation Task-oriented training and Conventional training used by balance pad. The other 10 patients(control group) were only treated by Conventional training used by balance pad. During the training, 3 patients from the experimental group and 2 patients from the control group were excluded by private affairs. The control group has done Conventional training 6 times a week for 6 weeks. And experimental group has done Simulation task-oriented training two times, conventional training four times a week for 6 weeks. Balance ability was assessed by Fuctional Reaching Test (FRT) : unilateral and bilateral reaching. Results : In comparison of FRT before and after training, two groups all was significantly improved(p<.05). But bilateral reaching variation was significantly improved in experimental group. Conclusion : we can use simulation Task-oriented training valuably to increase balance ability of hemiplegic patients.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of participation in contact sports on neurocognitive scores, dual-task walking velocity, and cognitive costs in retired athletes. Method: Forty-four retired athletes (mean age = 26.4±5.5 yrs) and thirty-eight controls (mean age = 26.1±4.9 yrs) participated in this study. Neurocognitive score was collected using computerized neurocognitive testing using RehaCom. Gait velocity was collected one single task, four dual-tasks, and two multi-tasks using Optogait. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compared differences in cognitive scores among groups. A mixed-design two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni posthoc test were used to assess the effect of group and walking tasks for each condition. Results: The auditory divided attention of neurocognitive score of retired athletes was higher than the control group (p < 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the other neurocognitive scores between groups. The changes in walking velocity and cognitive costs according to the dual-task walking tests differed between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although participation in contact sports did not affect the neurocognitive results of retired athletes, it could be confirmed that the reduction in walking velocity and an increase in cognitive costs during dual-task walking. Rather than observing only neurocognitive scores as a single evaluation item for cognitive evaluation of retired athletes in relation to daily life, the application of the dual-task gait test may provide useful information.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to verity the effect of project method on the task performance ability in development of a solar-tracking-control-system of specialized high school. In order to carry out this study, 2 classes of technical high school in Jeonbuk are chosen as experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by project method and the control group was taught by traditional instruction. Project method was designed by 4 stages-selection of goal, planning, implementation and evaluation. According to these stages, experimental group's students carried out the project that developing solar tracking control system in solar generation. The results of this study are as follows; the project method was more effective than the traditional instruction in planning ability for task performance and implementation ability, subordinates of task performance ability. However, information gathering ability and evaluation ability on task performance, others in subordinates, it is not clear that the project method is more effective.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.622-629
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• 2007

Some worker is occupationally exposed to cold and freezing environment. The cold stimuli in the working environment impose physiological and psychological loads on workers to decrease the task performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cold stimuli of cold and freezing stores widely used in Busan can make an effect on human's physiological responses and task performance, experimentally and analytically. In the experiment, 5 workers are selected as subjects, and then their skin temperatures of hand and ear, heart rates, blood pressure, and ring test performances in cold($3^{\circ}C$) and freezing($-22^{\circ}C$) stores were measured for 21 minutes and analyzed by using statistical method. It is observed that a physiological variation and the task performance are significantly influenced by an exposure time as well as a strength of cold stimuli. Also, it is suggested the exposure limiting times for the useful manual work and the performance predict model of the ring tasks. The result of this study will be useful for a fundamental data of which design the standard task time of manual tasks and solve the job placement problem of worker selection and placement in cold environment.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2006년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.117-120
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• 2006

This paper examined two hypotheses. Firstly, if the first syllable of word play an important role in visual word recognition, it may be the unit of word neighbor. Secondly, if the first syllable is the unit of lexical access, the neighborhood size effect and the neighborhood frequency effect would appear in a lexical decision task and a form primed lexical decision task. We conducted two experiments. Experiment 1 showed that words had large neighbors made a inhibitory effect in the LDT(lexical decision task). Experiment 2 showed the interaction between the neighborhood frequency effectand the word form similarity in the form primed LDT. We concluded that the first syllable in Korean words might be the unit of word neighborhood and play a central role in a lexical access.