• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2021

Recently, pest-resistant living modified (LM) crops developed using RNA interference (RNAi) technology have been imported into South Korea. However, the potential adverse effects of unintentionally released RNAi-based LM crops on non-target species have not yet been reported. Coccinella septempunctata, which feeds on aphids, is an important natural enemy insect which can be exposed to the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced by RNAi-based LM plants. To assess the risk of ingestion of Snf7 dsRNA by C. septempunctata, we first identified the species through morphological analysis of collected insects. A method for species identification at the gene level was developed using a specific C. septempunctata 12S rRNA. Furthermore, an experimental model was devised to assess the risk of Snf7 dsRNA ingestion in C. septempunctata. Snf7 dsRNA was mass-purified using an effective dsRNA synthesis method and its presence in C. septempunctata was confirmed after treatment with purified Snf7 dsRNA. Finally, the survival rate, development time, and dry weight of Snf7 dsRNA-treated C. septempunctata were compared with those of GFP and vATPase A dsRNA control treatments, and no risk was found. This study illustrates an effective Snf7 dsRNA synthesis method, as well as a high-concentration domestic insect risk assessment method which uses dsRNA to assess the risk of unintentional released of LM organisms against non-target species.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1981

현행(現行) 철근(鐵筋)콘크리트 표준시방서(標準示方書)는 WSD와 USD의 재래적(在來的)인 두 가지 설계편(設計編)으로 구성(構成)되어 있는데 이들 설계기준(設計基準)은 ACI 318-63 및 318-71 Code에 기초를 두고 있다. 이와 같이 주로 ACI 318-63 시방서(示方書)에 기초를 둔 우리의 WSD와 USD의 안전율(安全率)은 우리의 설계(設計) 및 시공실무(施工實務)에 비(比)해 부적절(不適切)한 것으로 받아들여지고 있다. 더구나 ACI의 안전율(安全率)도 확률적(確率的)으로 결정(決定)된 것이 아니고 주로 경험(經驗)과 현실성(現實性)을 고려하여 결정(決定)된 것이다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 현행(現行) 허용응력설계(許容應力設計) 안전율규정(安全率規定)으로 설계(設計)되는 휨 부재(部材)의 안전수준(安全水準)을 2차(次)모멘트 신뢰성이론(信賴性理論)에 의해 고찰(考察)하고, 일관성(一貫性)있는 목표신뢰성(目標信賴性)을 제공(提供)하는 철근(鐵筋) 및 콘크리트의 공칭안전율(公稱安全率)과 휨 허용응력(許容應力)을 합리적(合理的)이고도 효율적(效率的)으로 결정(決定)하는 방법(方法)을 제안(提案)하였다. Cornell의 제(第)1계(階) 이차(二次)모멘트법(法)을 하중(荷重)과 저항(抵抗) 결과변화(結果變化)의 대수변환(對數變換)에 의해 적용(適用)하는 방법(方法)을 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 신뢰성해석법(信賴性解析法)으로 사용하였다. 최적(最適) 철근비(鐵筋比)를 갖는 극한강설계(極限强設計)의 과소철근(過少鐵筋)보에 대응하는 균형철근비(均衡鐵筋比)로 설계(設計)되는 균형단면(均衡斷面)이 되도록 하는 독특한 방법으로 콘크리트의 허용압축응력(許容壓縮應力)을 유도하였다. 우리의 시공(施工) 및 설계실무(設計實務)의 수준(水準)에 적합(適合)한 ${\beta}_0=4$를 안전율(安全率) 결정(決定)을 위한 목표신뢰성지수(目標信賴性指數)로 택하였다. 현행(現行) WSD 시방서(示方書)로 설계(設計)되는 RC 휨 부재(部材)의 안전(安全) 및 신뢰성(信賴性)을 여러 수치계산(數値計算)을 통해 고찰(考察)해본 결과(結果), 현행(現行) WSD 기준(基準)에 의한 설계(設計)는 비정당적(非定當的)이며 일관성(一貫性)없는 신뢰성(信賴性)으로 인하여 비경제적(非經濟的)인 설계(設計)도 된다는 사실(事實)을 알 수 있었다. 적절(適切)한 목표신뢰성지수(目標信賴性指數) ${\beta}_0=4$에 따른 휨 부재(部材)의 철근(鐵筋)과 콘크리트의 합리적(合理的)인 허용응력(許容應力)을 본(本) 연구(硏究)의 신뢰성이론(信賴性理論)에 의해 제안(提案)하였다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

In January 2018, the Ministry of Education published "Seismic design criteria for school buildings" and "Manual for seismic performance evaluation and retrofit of school buildings" to evaluate seismic performances through linear analysis. This paper evaluates the seismic performance of an old school building through the linear analysis. The target building was constructed in the late 1970s, and the seismic-force-resisting system was assumed to be a reinforced concrete moment frame with an un-reinforced masonry wall. As a result of the evaluation, the target building does not satisfy the 'life safety' level of 1.2 times the design spectrum. The average strength ratio of moment frames, an indicator of the level of seismic performance tends to be controlled by beams. However, through the Pohang earthquake, it was known that the short column effect caused by the partially infilled masonry wall caused shear failure of the columns in school buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the linear analysis so that the column controls the average strength ratio of moment frames.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.750-754
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• 2014

초고농도 과산화수소 제조를 위한 투과증발 공정의 정량적 위험성 분석을 수행하였다. 잠재적 주요 사고는 분해반응에 따른 폭발 및 화재이며 실험실 규모일 때 사고결과는 카테고리 3에 속하는 것으로 판단된다. 대상공정에서 분해반응이 일어나는 과정을 사건트리 형태로 모델링하고 사고원인들의 확률함수를 유사사건 발생빈도 자료를 근거로 설정하였다. 구축된 모델을 사용하여 사고율을 계산한 결과, 수용 가능한 위험수준, 즉 사고빈도가 $10^{-4}/yr$ 이하가 되려면 추가 안전장치가 필요한 것으로 파악되었다. 이를 위해 방호계층분석을 적용한 결과, 촉매반응을 막기 위한 본질적 안전설계, 과열을 막기 위한 SIF (safety instrumented function), 그리고 분해반응이 일어나더라도 폭발로 이어지지는 것을 막는 릴리프 시스템이 요구되었다. 제안된 방법은 과산화수소 농축을 포함한 다양한 화학공정의 안전관리시스템 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2005

This study introduces the Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) to enhance the kinematic and compliance (K & C) characteristics of automotive suspension system. In previous studies, the deterministic optimization has been performed to enhance the K & C characteristics. Unfortunately, uncertainties in the real world have not been considered in the deterministic optimization. In the design of suspension system, design variables with the uncertainties, such as the bushing stiffness, have a great influence on the variation of the suspension performances. There is a need to quantify these uncertainties and to apply the RBDO to obtain the design, satisfying the target reliability level. In this research, design variables including uncertainties are dealt as random variables and reliability of the suspension performances, which are related the K & C characteristics, are quantified and the RBDO is performed. The RBD-optimum is compared with the deterministic optimum to verify the enhancement in reliability. Thus, the reliability of the suspension performances is estimated and the RBD-optimum, satisfying the target reliability level, is determined.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2019

In order to secure the safety of various machinery, it is very important to develop a technique for accurately and quickly measuring the cracks generated in the mechanical equipment and evaluating the mechanical characteristics. The evaluation of the mechanical properties is accompanied by an appropriate strain measurement according to the material and crack occurrence of the target structure. Especially, when micro cracks are generated, the evaluation method is very important. Digital image correlation is an optical full field displacement measuring method which is using currently with speckles in the interested area. However the evaluation method and conditions of image distributions have to be considered carefully to measure the crack occurrence because the images of the speckle patterns affect the quality of displacement results. In this study, the speckle pattern density is characterized to improve the accuracy of the measurement method. And also the micro crack initiation is detected by the measured displacement in the adopted speckle pattern distribution. It is shown that the proposed method is useful to determine the density pattern distribution for the accurate measurement and crack detection.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.570-581
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• 2018

Recently, a software program has been used in nuclear power plants (NPPs) to digitalize many instrumentation and control systems. To guarantee NPP safety, the reliability of the software used in safetycritical instrumentation and control systems must be quantified and verified with proper test cases and test environment. In this study, a software testing method using a simulation-based software test bed is proposed. The test bed is developed by emulating the microprocessor architecture of the programmable logic controller used in NPP safety-critical applications and capturing its behavior at each machine instruction. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated via a case study. To represent the possible states of software input and the internal variables that contribute to generating a dedicated safety signal, the software test cases are developed in consideration of the digital characteristics of the target system and the plant dynamics. The method provides a practical way to conduct exhaustive software testing, which can prove the software to be error free and minimize the uncertainty in software reliability quantification. Compared with existing testing methods, it can effectively reduce the software testing effort by emulating the programmable logic controller behavior at the machine level.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.6-16
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• 2022

Recent, the issue of the fourth industrial revolution triggered by technological advances has changed the automobile industry centered on internal combustion engines, and quantitative growth of the global automobile market, which has grown rapidly, has been slowing since 2015. These advances in technology are expected to develop beyond the advanced driver assistance system to autonomous driving technology. According to SAE-J3016 published by the Society of Automotive Engineers, the technology of autonomous vehicles is divided into a total of six stages according to the driver's intervention and automation level from 0 to 5. Securing safety for autonomous vehicles is important. But, research on safety evaluation theory and autonomous vehicle evaluation method based on real vehicle test is insufficient. In this study, the longitudinal distance theory equation and continuous test scenario were proposed for the test method of autonomous vehicles for fixed targets, and the real vehicle test was conducted. When comparing the theoretical values compared to the measured values, it was determined that it was reliable with a minimum error rate of 0.484% and a maximum error rate of 7.391%. Using the proposed theoretical equation, it is judged that it can be used as a safety evaluation method in an environment where real vehicle test is not possible because it can grasp the trend in the longitudinal direction in the development stage.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.1079-1086
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• 2015

본 논문은 안전 무결성 레벨이 4(: Safety Integrity Level 4)인 안전 관련 시스템에 적합한 출력 모듈의 구조를 설계하였고, 설계된 출력 모듈에 요구되는 정량적 목표치의 수준을 제시하였다. 특히 다양한 출력 방식 중에서 릴레이 출력 신호와 아날로그 신호로 구성된 출력 모듈이 안전 기능을 수행하는 시스템의 구성 요소인 경우를 적용하였다. 분석 방법은 FMEA(: Failure Modes and Effect Analysis), FTA(: Fault Tree Analysis) 방식을 이용하였다. 그 결과로 철도 응용 규격인 IEC 62425의 요구사항을 준수하는 SIL4 안전 관련 시스템의 출력 모듈의 구조와 고장빈도인 정량적 목표치를 제시하였다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 결함수목 분석법을 이용하여 Safety Integrity Level(SIL)을 평가하고 시스템의 목표한 SIL에 도달하지 못할 경우에 신뢰도 분석과 시스템 retrofit을 통해서 목표한 SIL을 만족시키게 하는 방법을 개발하였다. 신뢰도 분석에 근거한 SIL 평가 방법을 검증하기 위해서 415V Diesel BUS에 대해서 위험성 분석을 수행하였다. 기존의 415V Diesel BUS에 대한 이용가능 상태는 $99.40\%$로 SIL 2등급에 해당된다. 개발된 평가방법을 이용하여 diesel generator와 isolator switch의 교체후 시스템의 이용가능 상태는 $99.94\%$ SIL 3등급으로 상승되었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 신뢰도에 근거한 SIL 평가 방법을 적용하면 사고 예방과 손실감소로 일어나는 유지보수 비용의 절감 등을 가져오면 물론 시스템의 신뢰도를 극대화 할 수 있다.