• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.237-248
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• 2007

Activating e-commerce, studies about trust of business acquaintance are actively made. This study measured the effect of trust transfer setting up 6 situations according to linking direction, design standard and grasping their trust changes for surveying trust transfer on online. The result is that trust transfer becomes different in accordance with the linking direction of hyperlink. In other words, setting up target site as comparative subject, it is more reliable than single site. Setting up source site as comparative subject, trust changes are slight. This study is composed of 6 good site and 6 poor site. And trust transfer by hyperlink on online is consistent, especially trust transfer is affected by not source site but target site. If target site is poorer than source site, trust transfer originate definitely. So we can draw consistent conclusion that it rate higher than single site. On the other hands, if targer site is better than source site, trust transfer occurs not inter-website. Instead, affected by human mentality, it rates good site higher by conformity reversion.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

In major field crops, synthetic herbicides have been used to control weeds worldwide. Globally, herbicide resistance in weeds should be minimized because it is a major limiting factor for food security. Cross resistance can occur with herbicides within the same or in different herbicide families and with the same or different sites of action. Multiple resistance refers to evolved mechanisms of resistance to more than one herbicide (e.g., resistance to both ALS-inhibitors and ACCase-inhibitors) and this resistance was brought about by separate selection processes. Target site resistance could occur from changes at the biochemical site of action of one herbicide. Non target site resistance occurs through mechanisms which reduce the number of herbicide molecules that reach the herbicide target site. There are currently 480 unique cases (species ${\times}$ site of action) of herbicide resistance globally in 252 plant species (145 dicots and 105 monocots). To date, resistance in weeds has been reported to 161 different herbicides, involving 23 of the 26 known herbicide sites of action. Finally, it can be concluded that we can protect crops associated to herbicide resistant weeds by applications of biochemical, genetic and crop control strategies.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2003

Based on the 4-compartmental pharmacokinetic model developed in PART1, target-controlled infusion(TCI) pump system was designed and evaluated. The TCI system consists of digital board including microcontroller and digital signal process(DSP), analog board, motor-driven actuator, user friendly interface, power management and controller. It provides two modes according to the drugs: plasma target concentration and effect target concentration. Anaesthetist controls the depth of anaesthesia for patients by adjusting the required concentration to maintain both plasma and effect site in drug concentration. The data estimated in DSP include infusion rate, initial load dose, and rotation number of motor encoder. During TCI operation, plasma concentration. effect site concentration, awaken concentration, context-sensitive decrement time and system error information are displayed in real time. Li-ion battery guarantees above 2 hours without power line failure. For high reliability of the system, two microprocessors were used to perform independent functions for both pharmacokinetic algorithm and motor control strategy.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.80-86
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• 2014

Foldback intercoil (FBI) DNA is formed by the folding back at one point of a non-helical parallel track of double-stranded DNA at as sharp as $180^{\circ}$ and the intertwining of two double helixes within each other's major groove to form an intercoil with a diameter of 2.2 nm. FBI DNA has been suggested to mediate intra-molecular homologous recombination of a deletion and inversion. Inter-molecular homologous recombination, known as site-specific insertion, on the other hand, is mediated by the direct perpendicular approach of the FBI DNA tip, as the attP site, onto the target DNA, as the attB site. Transposition of DNA transposons involves the pairing of terminal inverted repeats and 5-7-bp tandem target duplication. FBI DNA configuration effectively explains simple as well as replicative transposition, along with the involvement of an enhancer element. The majority of diverse retrotransposable elements that employ a target site duplication mechanism is also suggested to follow the FBI DNA-mediated perpendicular insertion of the paired intercoil ends by non-homologous end-joining, together with gap filling. A genome-wide perspective of transposable elements in light of FBI DNA is discussed.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

Whales are marine mammals that are fully adapted to aquatic environment. Whales breathe by lungs so they require adaptive system to low oxygen concentration (hypoxia) while deep and prolonged diving. However, the study for the molecular mechanism underlying cetacean adaptation to hypoxia has been limited. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the central transcription factor that regulates hypoxia-related gene expression. Here we identified HIF-binding sites in whale genome by phylogenetic footprinting and analyzed HIF-target genes to understand how whales cope with hypoxia. By comparison with the HIF-target genes of terrestrial mammals, it was suggested that whales may retain unique adaptation mechanisms to hypoxia.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

New technologies will have a large impact on the discovery of new herbicide site of action. Genomics, combinatorial chemistry, and bioinformatics help take advantage of serendipity through tile sequencing of huge numbers of genes or the synthesis of large numbers of chemical compounds. There are approximately $10^{30}\;to\;10^{50}$ possible molecules in molecular space of which only a fraction have been synthesized. Combining this potential with having access to 50,000 plant genes in the future elevates tile probability of discovering flew herbicidal site of actions. If 0.1, 1.0 or 10% of total genes in a typical plant are valid for herbicide target, a plant with 50,000 genes would provide about 50, 500, and 5,000 targets, respectively. However, only 11 herbicide targets have been identified and commercialized. The successful design of novel herbicides depends on careful consideration of a number of factors including target enzyme selections and validations, inhibitor designs, and the metabolic fates. Biochemical information can be used to identify enzymes which produce lethal phenotypes. The identification of a lethal target site is an important step to this approach. An examination of the characteristics of known targets provides of crucial insight as to the definition of a lethal target. Recently, antisense RNA suppression of an enzyme translation has been used to determine the genes required for toxicity and offers a strategy for identifying lethal target sites. After the identification of a lethal target, detailed knowledge such as the enzyme kinetics and the protein structure may be used to design potent inhibitors. Various types of inhibitors may be designed for a given enzyme. Strategies for the selection of new enzyme targets giving the desired physiological response upon partial inhibition include identification of chemical leads, lethal mutants and the use of antisense technology. Enzyme inhibitors having agrochemical utility can be categorized into six major groups: ground-state analogues, group specific reagents, affinity labels, suicide substrates, reaction intermediate analogues, and extraneous site inhibitors. In this review, examples of each category, and their advantages and disadvantages, will be discussed. The target identification and construction of a potent inhibitor, in itself, may not lead to develop an effective herbicide. The desired in vivo activity, uptake and translocation, and metabolism of the inhibitor should be studied in detail to assess the full potential of the target. Strategies for delivery of the compound to the target enzyme and avoidance of premature detoxification may include a proherbicidal approach, especially when inhibitors are highly charged or when selective detoxification or activation can be exploited. Utilization of differences in detoxification or activation between weeds and crops may lead to enhance selectivity. Without a full appreciation of each of these facets of herbicide design, the chances for success with the target or enzyme-driven approach are reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.12-24
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• 2008

With recent emphasis on the creation of environment-friendly new towns, introduction of ecological facilities for habitation and migration of wild animal's species is requested when developing new towns. In order to introduce such facilities, building an eco-network within the site based on the connectivity of the source area and habitats is essential in new town development. Therefore, this study mainly aimed at selecting species targeted for building an eco-network in Pangyo new town, which is intended to be an environment-friendly city. Therefore, criteria for selecting target species were generated. Then, species observed within the site through field surveys and literature review was evaluated based on the selection criteria and items. By totaling the score, a list of appropriate targeted species was finalized. Among species surveyed and observed in the site, appropriate target species that may be selected for Pangyo new town's eco-network include Falco tinnunculus interstinctus, Accipiter soloensis, Picus canus, Paradoxornis webbiana, Parus palustris, Parus ater, Parus major and Passer montanus Egretta in birds, Asiatic chipmunk, Nyctereutes procyonoides in mammals. For Pangyo new town, it is essential to create living environment and build a network for major wild animal species within the site based on target species. This will play a crucial role in building a reasonable ecological network enabling harmonious co-existence between mankind and nature. In order to build an ecological network successfully, follow-up studies need to be conducted on restoration technology and methods required for creating habitats appropriate to target species.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.538-544
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• 2003

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The development of alternative antiviral therapies is warranted because current treatments for the HCV infection affect only a limited number of patients and lead to significant toxicities. The HCV genome is exclusively present in the RNA form; therefore, ribozyme strategies to target certain HCV sequences have been proposed as anti-HCV treatments. In this study, we determined which regions of the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of HCV are accessible to ribozymes by employing an RNA mapping strategy that is based on a trans-splicing ribozyme library. We then discovered that the loop regions of the domain IIIb of HCV IRES appeared to be particularly accessible. Moreover, to verify if the target sites that were predicted to be accessible are truly the most accessible, we assessed the ribozyme activities by comparing not only the trans-splicing activities in vitro but also the trans-cleavage activities in cells of several ribozymes that targeted different sites. The ribozyme that could target the most accessible site identified by mapping studies was then the most active with high fidelity in cells as well as in vitro. These results demonstrate that the RNA mapping strategy represents an effective method to determine the accessible regions of target RNAs and have important implications for the development of various antiviral therapies which are based on RNA such as ribozyme, antisense, or siRNA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2016

This study investigates two camera self-calibration approaches, on-site self-calibration and laboratorial self-calibration, both of which are based on self-calibration theory and implemented by using a commercial photogrammetric solution, Agisoft PhotoScan. On-site self-calibration implements camera self-calibration and aerial triangulation by using the same aerial photos. Laboratorial self-calibration implements camera self-calibration by using photos captured onto a patterned target displayed on a digital panel, then conducts aerial triangulation by using the aerial photos. Aerial photos are captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle, and target photos are captured onto a 27in LCD monitor and a 47in LCD TV in two experiments. Calibration parameters are estimated by the two approaches and errors of aerial triangulation are analyzed. Results reveal that on-site self-calibration excels laboratorial self-calibration in terms of vertical accuracy. By contrast, laboratorial self-calibration obtains better horizontal accuracy if photos are captured at a greater distance from the target by using a larger display panel.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

The subject is to find green roofs' location as stepping stones in green-network in fine scale. The study site is Junggu, Seoul, which has core areas(Bukaksan and Namsan) and green areas(parks, etc.). Through literature review, the closer to core areas and green areas, target species reach green roof easier, and target species must be avifauna(flying species) and high class in food chain, because of possibility of reaching. So, Great Tits, inhabited in Namsan and urban bird, is target species. The location standard of green roofs, realized birds' reaching distance, consists of home range(horizontal range and vertical range) and roof-greening capable area. The green roofs' distribution of location was resulted through GIS analysis of feasible site finding, and classified with weight of score. In discussion, Namsan gives more effect to locate green roofs than Bukaksan does and selected buildings which are grouped in some parts need to be managed with group, green roof district.