• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.241-252
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• 2023

The era of innovative RNA therapies using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNAs, and mRNAs is beginning. Since the emergence of the concept of ASOs in 1978, it took more than 20 years before they were developed into drugs for commercial use. Nine ASO drugs have been approved to date. However, they target only rare genetic diseases, and the number of chemistries and mechanisms of action of ASOs are limited. Nevertheless, ASOs are accepted as a powerful modality for next-generation medicines as they can theoretically target all disease-related RNAs, including (undruggable) protein-coding RNAs and non-coding RNAs. In addition, ASOs can not only downregulate but also upregulate gene expression through diverse mechanisms of action. This review summarizes the achievements in medicinal chemistry that enabled the translation of the ASO concept into real drugs, the molecular mechanisms of action of ASOs, the structure-activity relationship of ASO-protein binding, and the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of ASOs. In addition, it discusses recent advances in medicinal chemistry in improving the therapeutic potential of ASOs by reducing their toxicity and enhancing their cellular uptake.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.5112-5128
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• 2016

Tracking human body is an important problem in computer vision field. Tracking failures caused by occlusion can lead to wrong rectification of the target position. In this paper, a robust human tracking algorithm is proposed to address the problem of occlusion, rotation and improve the tracking accuracy. It is based on Tracking-Learning-Detection framework. The key auxiliary information is used in the framework which motivated by the fact that a tracking target is usually embedded in the context that provides useful information. First, face localization method is utilized to find key face location information. Second, the relative position relationship is established between the auxiliary information and the target location. With the relevant model, the key face information will get the current target position when a target has disappeared. Thus, the target can be stably tracked even when it is partially or fully occluded. Experiments are conducted in various challenging videos. In conjunction with online update, the results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the traditional TLD algorithm, and it has a relatively better tracking performance than other state-of-the-art methods.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.801-810
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• 2021

Objective: microRNAs (miRNAs) can play a role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, and their role is achieved by regulating the expression of target genes. Our previous high-throughput sequencing found that ssc-miR-185 plays an important regulatory role in piglet diarrhea, but its specific target genes and functions in intestinal porcine epithelial cell (IPEC-J2) are still unclear. We intended to verify the target relationship between porcine miR-185 and cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) gene in IPEC-J2 and to explore the effect of miR-185 on the proliferation of IPEC-J2 cells. Methods: The TargetScan, miRDB, and miRanda software were used to predict the target genes of porcine miR-185, and CDC42 was selected as a candidate target gene. The CDC42-3' UTR-wild type (WT) and CDC42-3'UTR-mutant type (MUT) segments were successfully cloned into pmirGLO luciferase vector, and the luciferase activity was detected after co-transfection with miR-185 mimics and pmirGLO-CDC42-3'UTR. The expression level of CDC42 was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The proliferation of IPEC-J2 was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Results: Double enzyme digestion and sequencing confirmed that CDC42-3'UTR-WT and CDC42-3'UTR-MUT were successfully cloned into pmirGLO luciferase reporter vector, and the luciferase activity was significantly reduced after co-transfection with miR-185 mimics and CDC42-3'UTR-WT. Further we found that the mRNA and protein expression level of CDC42 were down-regulated after transfection with miR-185 mimics, while the opposite trend was observed after transfection with miR-185 inhibitor (p<0.01). In addition, the CCK-8, MTT, and EdU results demonstrated that miR-185 promotes IPEC-J2 cells proliferation by targeting CDC42. Conclusion: These findings indicate that porcine miR-185 can directly target CDC42 and promote the proliferation of IPEC-J2 cells. However, the detailed regulatory mechanism of miR-185/CDC42 axis in piglets' resistance to diarrhea is yet to be elucidated in further investigation.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2003

Visual search in an unstructured search field is a fruitful research area for computational modeling. Search models that describe relationship between search time and probability of target detection have been used for prediction of human search performance and provision of ideal goals for search training. Until recently, however, most of models were focused on detecting a single target in a search field, although, in practice, a search field includes multiple targets and search models for multiple targets may differ from search models for a single target. This study proposed a random search model for multiple targets, generalizing a random search model for a single target which is the most typical search model. To test this model, human search data were collected and compared with the model. This model well predicted human performance in visual search for multiple targets. This paper also proposed how to determine optimal stopping time in multiple-target search.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.79-81
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• 2006

Geostationary ocean satellite, unlike other sun-synchronous polar-orbit satellites, will be able to take a picture of a large region several times a day (almost with every one hour interval). For geostationary satellite, the target region is fixed though the location of sun is changed always. Thus, the ocean signal of a given target point is largely dependent on time. In other words, the ocean signal detected by geostationary satellite sensor must translate to the signal of target when both sun and satellite are located in nadir, using another correction model. This correction is performed with a standardization of signal throughout relative geometric relationship among satellite - sun - target points. One signal value of a selected pixel point of the target region of Geostationary Ocean Colour Imager (GOCI) would be set up as a standard, and the ratio of all remained pixel point can be calculated. This relative ratio called bidirectional factor, the result of modelling of spatiotemporal variation of bidirectional factor is shown.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.9-16
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• 1999

As a part of target motion analysis(TMA) with highly noisy bearings-only measurements from a passive sonar system, a nonlinear batch estimator is proposed to provide the initial estimates to a sequential estimator called the modified gain extended Kalman filter(MGEKF). Based on the system observability analysis of passive target tracking, a practical and effective method is suggested to determine the observer maneuvers for improved TMA performance through system observability enhancing. Also suggested is a method to determine observer location for enhanced system observability at the initial phase of TMA from various engagement boundaries which represent the relationship between observer-target relative geometrical data and system observability. The proposed TMA methods are tested by a series of computer simulation runs.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1067-1071
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• 2013

A 3D visual sensing method using a laser structured beam is presented for robotic tracking applications in a simple and reliable manner. A cylindrical shaped laser structured beam is proposed to measure the pose and position of the target surface. When the proposed laser beam intersects on the surface along the target trajectory, an elliptic pattern is generated. Its ellipse parameters can be induced mathematically by the geometrical relationship of the sensor coordinate and target coordinate. The depth and orientation of the target surface are directly determined by the ellipse parameters. In particular, two discontinuous points on the ellipse pattern, induced by seam trajectory, indicate mathematically the 3D direction for robotic tracking. To investigate the performance of this method, experiments with a 6 axis robot system are conducted on two different types of seam trajectories. The results show that this method is very suitable for robot seam tracking applications due to its excellence in accuracy and efficiency.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.818-826
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• 2006

In this paper, we investigate the relationship of bitrate and quantization parameter needed for the trans-coding method that makes the H.264 bitstream of a particular bitrate to the other titrate. Also we propose the new method in order to transcode the titrate between H.264 video coded bitstreams. The proposed transcoding method updates the model parameters from previous picture or slice by using the approximated relationship of bitrate and quantization step-size and finds the target quantization step-size, and then generates the target titrate by simple coding processing just after requantization. Therefore, the proposed method does not need the complex bitrate control and converts to the target titrate by simple implementation. From simulation, we can see that the proposed method transcodes exactly to an assigned target bitrate for the four test sequences with different their characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how the movements occurring during the follow-through phase after releasing an arrow among elite compound archers, are associated with the arrow impact points on the target. Method: Nine elite archers performed consecutive compound archery shooting under conditions identical to actual competitions using their own bows and equipment. Motion capture system and force platform were utilized to record the changes in joint positions and center of pressure, respectively. Principal component analysis was employed to identify the patterns in which multidimensional joint positions and COP changes were organized with horizontal and vertical coordinates of arrow impact points. Subsequently, correlation analysis quantified the relationship between individual variables and the coordinates of arrow impacts on the target. Results: We found a common organizational pattern in which the two axes of the impact point coordinates were grouped into the first two principal components. The movements of the upper and lower limbs following release exhibited opposite patterns in the anterior-posterior axis, with significant correlations observed between the arrow impact points of the horizontal axis and the left shoulder, right elbow, left hip, and both knees. Additionally, the lateral movements induced by the reaction force upon arrow release showed significant associations with the vertical coordinates of the impact points. Particularly, the correlations between the movements of the left shoulder and elbow, as well as the bilateral hip and right knee, were consistently observed among all participants. Conclusion: These findings implied that the post-release movements could significantly influence the trajectory and impact points of the arrows in compound archery. We suggest that a consistent and controlled movement during the follow-through phase may be more beneficial for optimizing shooting accuracy and precision rather than minimizing movements.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.137-152
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• 2012

As social media such as facebook and twitter is widespread, social commerce appears as a new way of e-commerce. Social commerce is a subset of electronic commerce that involves using social media that supports social interaction and user contributions. From the understanding of social commerce and literature review, we deduced the research model that relationship, collectivism, convenience, usefulness, low price, reputation, and rapidness have influence on satisfaction and repurchase intention. As a result of data analysis, relationship, convenience, usefulness, low price, and rapidness had influence on satisfaction and repurchase intention. And collectivism had influence on relationship. But reputation did not have influence on satisfaction. The focus of this study is on the effect of relationship and collectivism on satisfaction and repurchase, because relationship and collectivism is the major feature of social commerce. Succinctly speaking, collectivism affects relationship among users, in turn, relationship affects satisfaction and repurchase intention. This study gives a contribution to business. Business related with social commerce has to make a business strategy for managing relationship and consider collectivism tendency for selecting target customer.