• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.88-96
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• 1995

Seismic design provisions in Korea has developed based on seismic provisions in United States (e.g., ATC 3-06). Current seismic design provisions in U .S. is moving toward adopting enhanced concept for design. Federal Emergence Management Agency (FEMA) Provides the NEHRP recommended Provisions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for New Buildings which can be used as a source document for use by any interested members of the building community. Current seismic design provisions in U .S. generally use a uni-level force. These provisions can not be satisfied if the limit state design is concerned. Limit state can be defined as a state causing undesirable performance o( a structure (e .g., serviceability, ultimate, buckling, etc.). Even if there are provision for controlling drift by two levels, it is still difficult to satisfy limit states using uni-level force. Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) uses a hi-level forces Int seismic loadings which can satisfy serviceability and ultimate limit state. However, the seismic parameters used in AIJ guideline are basically determined by subjective manner of code committee member and professions. These parameters need to be determined based on target quantities (target reliability, target energy dissipation, target displacement, target stress level, etc.). This study develops the method to determine the sesmic design parameters based on a certain taget level. Reliability is used as a target level and load factors in ANSI/ASCE 7-88 are selected as design parameters to be determined.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 2009

Total profit level Increases if a company increase the cost for achieving R&D related goals of equipment productivity enhancement, production cost saving, or for achieving equipment scale target, sales volume goal. But how much money should be invested to achieve a certain level of profit? We formulated the model to set the optimal goal levels to minimize the investment cost under the constraint that certain level of total profit should be guaranteed. This model derived from a case of P steel company. We found that this should be considered in relation with the production sales planning (known as optimal product mix problem) to guarantee the profit. We suggested a nonlinear programming model, 3 valiant form of the p+roduct mix problem. We can find the optimal Investment level for the R&D related goals or sales volume goal, equipment scale target for the P steel company using the model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.237-248
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• 2017

The estimation method of economical leakage management target utilized upon planning business for improvement of revenue water ratio in South Korea is presented and applicability of methods developed in this study is assessed through application on site. With a consideration of revenue water ratio in application target area, estimation method of long-term economical leakage management target is applied. Three leakage reduction methods such as replacement of residual aged pipe, leakage investigation and restoration and water pressure management are applied with a consideration of characteristics of site. Due to difficulty of obtaining data, analysis of cost/benefit by leakage reduction methods is performed by applying method of leakages estimation equation among statistical methods. As a result of application, revenue water ratio corresponding to long-term economical leakage management target is 91.6 %.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.166-169
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• 1996

Well-evaluated quality of software can provide business proper decisions, increase productivity, and prevent financial loss or unnecessary burden of rework. Evaluation is important to ensure the chosen software conforming to organizational requirements, customer demands, and product integrity level. In this paper, we present a theoretical model with the structure of evaluation requirements to select the prioritized evaluation target input of software quality. Within limited time and budget, the prioritized target inputs of evaluation can be used to determine the appropriate evaluating step for each different category of requirements.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.205-211
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• 2009

In reality, distribution planning for a supply chain is established using a certain probabilistic distribution estimated by forecasting. However, in general, the demands used for an actual distribution planning are of deterministic value, a single value for each of periods. Because of this reason the final result of a planning has to be a single value for each period. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to estimate a single value due to the inherent uncertainty in the probabilistic distribution of customer demand. The issue addressed in this paper is the selection of single demand value among of the distributed demand estimations for a period to be used in the distribution planning. This paper proposes an efficient demand selection scheme for minimizing total inventory costs while satisfying target service level under the various experimental conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.630-640
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• 2013

It is one of the most critical steps identifying impaired waterbodies exactly in the selection of target water quality indicators for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Excess ratio and excess level were applied and analyzed by the stream zone basis in order to evaluate water impairment for Nakdong, Geum, Youngsan and Seomjin rivers. Each river basin was divided into stream zones in the light of its watershed and waterbody characteristics. Selected water quality parameters discussed in this study were pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-P, T-Coli and F-Coli. The excess ratios of the water quality parameters were used to discriminate water bodies that did not meet water quality standards. The excess levels were used to classify the degradation of water quality. The excess ratios and the excess levels to the water quality criteria of the medium influence areas were used for each stream zone. The results indicate that the excess ratios and the excess levels are varied on the stream zone in each river basin. Three parameters, pH, DO and SS, met water quality standards in all stream zones. The other five parameters indicated very high excess ratios in most waterbodies, and especially T-P and T-Coli revealed to be very high excess levels in some waterbodies. These parameters could be considered as major target indicators for the management of TMDLs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.717-724
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• 2018

To prepare for the explosive increase in maintenance costs of bridges according to the aging of infrastructure, future maintenance costs of bridges should be predicted. For this purpose, the management status of bridges was investigated and modeled as the upper limit of the performance level and the target management level according to the life cycle. This paper proposes methodologies and procedures for estimating the bridge maintenance costs using two models and existing cost and performance prediction models that consist of unit repair cost model according to the safety score, performance degradation model of bridges, unit reconstruction cost, and average reconstruction time. To verify the applicability, future maintenance costs can be forecasted for specific management agency considering the number of bridges, degree of aging, and current management status. As a result, it is possible to obtain the maintenance cost and safety level of an individual bridge level for each year. In addition, by summing them up to the agency level, the average safety score, ratio of the safety level, inspection costs, repair costs, and reconstruction costs can be obtained. In a further study, the changes in maintenance costs can be analyzed according to the changes in the target management levels using the developed method. The optimal management level can be suggested by reviewing the results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.2280-2286
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• 2007

Information system contains various components, and these components can be categorized into some types. When preparing security level management activity, it is most important to define the target of management activity. And after deciding these targets, security level management activity can be started. This paper defines management targets by dividing information system into some parts, and shows these targets can be managed variously according to operation environments and characteristics.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.671-678
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• 2009

This paper presents target operation voltage guidelines of each voltage control area considering both voltage stability and economical efficiency in real power system. EMS(Energy Management System) data, Real-time simulator, shows not only voltage level but lots of information about real power system. Also this paper performs optimal power flow calculation of three objective functions to propose the best target operation voltage. objective function of interchange power flow maximum and active power loss minimization stand for economical efficiency index and reactive power reserve maximum objective unction represents stability index. Then through simulation result using optimazation technique, the most effective objective function is chosen. To sum up, this paper divides voltage control area into twelve considering electric distance characteristics and estimate or voltage level by the passage of time of EMS peak data. And through optimization technique target operation voltage of each voltage control area is estimated and compare heir result. Then it is proposed that the best scenario to keep up voltage stability and maximize economical efficiency in real power system.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2011

In this study, supervision resides fire mission against problems associated with case studies and surveys done through the side of the field work, technical personnel, fire management, including fire code aspects classified into three kinds of items dealt with the issue. Started at the scene of the problem in terms of performance, the issue of the construction process, mainly dealt with the issue at the time of completion. Fire management side, supervisor of technical personnel, human resources management issues, contract issues, fire code level, the frequent revisions of fire regulations, supervision, processing delays of the resulting report, the problem resides with the expansion of Fire Supervision target was mentioned. Finally, the target for each hierarchical supervision, and resident supervisor of the need for supervision of work performance test was carried out by the correlation.