• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2003

Adult periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease whose etiology is not well defined. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D receptor gene has been a candidate for the susceptibility of adult periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of Taq I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the vitamin D receptor gene in nan periodontically healthy controls and 28 adult periodontitis patients. Taq I RFLP in the vitamin D receptor gene was detected by PCR amplification, followed by restriction enzyme digestion and 2％ agarose gel electrophoresis. There was no significant difference in the distribution of Taq I RFLP between healthy controls and adult periodontitis group (P > 0.05). Thus, Taq I RFLP in the vitamin D receptor gene may not confer the susceptibility to adult periodontitis in Korean population. However, t allele distributions of this RFLP showed various frequencies among ethnic groups studied. Further studies in other ethnic groups will be required.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.177-177
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• 2003

Adult periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease whose etiology is not well defined. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D receptor gene has been a candidate for the susceptibility of adult periodontitis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency of Taq I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP) in the vitamin D receptor gene in 141 periodontically healthy controls and 32 adult periodontitis patients. Taq I RFLP in the vitamin D receptor gene were detected by PCR amplification, followed by restriction enzyme digestion and 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. There were no significant difference in the distribution of Taq I RFLP between healthy controls and adult periodontitis group (P > 0.05). Thus, Taq I RFLP in the vitamin D receptor gene may not confer the susceptibility to adult periodontitis in Korean population. However, t allele distributions of this RFLP showed various frequencies among ethnic groups studied. Further studies in other ethnic groups will be required.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.1 s.52
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• pp.27-34
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• 2006

Numerous studies reported the significant association between genetic polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and various bone phenotypes such as bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality, although conflicting results were produced. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between a TaqI RFLP in the VDR gene and calcaneal BMD in Korean vegetarian men, and its interaction with nutrition status as an environmental factor. BUA (broadband ultrasound attenuation), SOS (sound of speed) and stiffness index of the calcaneus were measured using an ultrasound bone densitometer in 266 Korean men (age: $mean{\pm}SD;\;50.9{\pm}12.0$ year), and a TaqI RFLP in the VDR gene analysed by PCR-RFLP method. In total subjects, the distribution of TT, Tt and tt genotypes occurred with frequencies of 90.8%, 8.8% and 0.4%, respectively. There were no significant associations between this polymorphism and osteopenia-osteoporosis or several bone phenotypes in our subjects irrespectively of nutrition status (P>0.05). Therefore, our results suggest that a TaqI RFLP in the vitamin D receptor gene does not contribute to the susceptibility to the calcaneal BMD in Korean men.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.146-150
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• 2003

This study was carried out to obtain basic information on breeding using PCR-aided RFLP technology which can identify the variation inter- and intra-species of ginseng in the level of DNA. It was intended to investigate banding pattern on psbA and rbeL genes of chloroplast DNA in ginseng after treating with restriction enzymes. To isolate psbA and rbcL genes of chloroplast, both psbA-N, psbA-C primer and rbcL-N, PX-1 primer were used. As a result, 1,008 bp band of psbA gene and 1,336 bp band of rbcL gene were appeared, which was optimal and expected molecular weight. In addition, primers to isolate atpB, rpoB, trnL, and trnF genes were used, resulting in the expected 1366, 900, 1500 and 1008 bp bands. Genes of psbA and rbcL isolated by PCR were cut by restriction enzymes, Sau3A, TaqI, AluI, HaeIII, and RFLP pattern was investigated. KG line and other species of ginseng were cut by TaqI treatment, and bands were located in 800 bp. The treatment treated by AluI also showed the same 800 bp band in KG line and other species. In HaeIII treatment, 500 bp of faint bands were shown in case of KG line, whereas any bands were not observed in other species. All chloroplast genes formed bands by PCR amplification. However, it was not evident to distinguish intra-or inter-species of ginseng after restriction enzyme treatment. Therefore, more restriction enzyme treatment or sequence comparison method should be considered for further experiment.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2005

Purpose:In an attempt to predict the interpersonal differences of therapeutic response to antipsychotic drugs on pharmaco-genetic bases, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between the therapeutic response to antipsychotic drugs and Taq I A dopamine $D_2$ receptor polymorphism in schizophrenic patients. Methods:The subjects were 158 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia(DSM-IV). The therapeutic response to antipsychotic drugs was evaluated using the Treatment Response Scale(TRS) retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups, dopamine receptor antagonist responders, and serotonin-dopamine antagonist responders. The patients' Taq I A dopamine $D_2$ receptor polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP). Results:The dopamine receptor antagonist responders had the A1 allele in significantly higher incidences (${\chi}^2$(1)=4.875, p=0.027, two-tailed). No significant difference was found among the serotonin-dopamine antagonist responders between those with or without the A1 allele. Conclusions:The patients with the A1 allele responded better to dopamine receptor antagonists than those with no A1 allele. Based on these results, it is suggested that the pharmacological effect of dopamine receptor antagonists can be predicted depending on the presence of the A1 allele in schizophrenic patients.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.353-355
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• 2013

There are approximately 20 known species of the genus Cryptosporidium, and among these, 8 infect immunocompetent or immunocompromised humans. C. hominis and C. parvum most commonly infect humans. Differentiating between them is important for evaluating potential sources of infection. We report here the development of a simple and accurate real-time PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method to distinguish between C. parvum and C. hominis. Using the CP2 gene as the target, we found that both Cryptosporidium species yielded 224 bp products. In the subsequent RFLP method using TaqI, 2 bands (99 and 125 bp) specific to C. hominis were detected. Using this method, we detected C. hominis infection in 1 of 21 patients with diarrhea, suggesting that this method could facilitate the detection of C. hominis infections.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1996

Cysts of Entamoebn histoIMtica are still found from humans in Korea, but notall of the cysts are known as pathogenic. The non-pathogenic strain is regarded as a differenL species, E. nispnr. In this study, Korean isolates of conventional E. histolvticn were subjected for the differentiation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Human stools were screened by routine microscopic examination, and cyst or trophozoite positive stools were inoculated into Robinson media. The cultivated trophozoites were prepared for DNA extraction, and the DNAs were used for PCR with common primers of Pl gene. The PCR products were divested with 3 restriction enzymes and RFLP was observed. Also anti-sense primers containing the cleavage site of each restriction eWe were designed for differentiation only by PCR. The PCR products of Korean isolates 59,512, YS-6, and YS-27 were spliced by Taq I and Xmnl but not byAccl, and the isolates S1, S3, S11, S15, S16, S17, S20, YS- l7, and YS-44 were spliced by Acc I but not by Taq I and Xmn I. These RFLP pattern correlated well with PCR products by the species specific primers. The findings confirm that the Korean isolates 59,512, YS-6, and YS-27 are E. histolwtico and others are E. dispar. In Korea, most of the asymptomatic cyst carriers are infected by E. dispar, not by E. histolytica. Key words: Entcmoebc histolytica, Entcmoebn dispar Korean isolates, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1328-1332
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• 2009

Anisakidosis is caused by anisakid nematodes (family Anisakidae) larvae which can cause not only direct tissue damage but also a severe allergic response related to excretory-secretion products. Lots of different species of anisakid larvae, including Anisakis simplex, Contracaecum, Goezia, Pseudoterranova, and Hysterothylacium, cause the anisakidosis. But it is difficult to diagnosis the species of larvae since the morphologies of larval anisakid nematodes are almost indistinguishable. In order to diagnosis the differential infections of larval anisakid nematodes, polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of 18S rDNA - was conducted. Three major species of anisakid larvae including A. simplex, C.ontracaecum spp, and Goezia spp. were collected from mackerel (Scomber japonicus), mullet (Mugil cephalus), founder (Paralichthys olivaceus), eel (Astroconger myriaster) and red sea bream (Pagrus major). PCR amplified 18S rDNA from each species of anisakid larvae was digested with eight restriction enzymes including Taq I, Hinf I, Hha I, Alu I, Dde I, Hae III, Sau96 I, and Sau3A I. The original sizes of PCR amplified 18S rDNA were 2.0Kb in both anisakid larvaes and Goezia. Restrction enzymes including Hinf 1, Alu 1, Hha I, Dde 1 and Hae III cut differently and distinguished the A. simplex and Contracaecum type C'. However, Contracaecum type A showed two different restriction enzyme cutting patterns by Taq 1, Hinf I, Alu 1, and Dde 1. One of the patterns was the same as those of A. simplex, Contracaecum type C' and Goezia and the other was unique. These results suggest that PCR-RFLP pattern by Hinf 1, Alu 1, Hae I, Dde 1 and Hae III can be applied to differential diagnosis of human infection with A. simplex and Contracaecum type C'. Contracaecum type A needs further study of classification by morphological characteristics and genetic analysis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.411-417
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• 2006

We have developed a polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) marker that can distinguish male-fertile (N) and male-sterile (S) cytoplasm in onions. The PCR-RFLP marker was located in a chloroplast psbA gene amplicon. Digesting the amplicons from different cytoplasm-containing varieties with the restriction enzyme MspI revealed that N-cytoplasm plants have a functional MspI site (CCGG), whereas the S-cytoplasm plants has a substitution in that site (CTGG), and thus no MspI target. The results obtained using this PCR-RFLP marker to distinguish between cytoplasmic male sterile factors in 35 onion varieties corresponded with those using a CMS-specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. Moreover, the PCR-RFLP marker can identify N- ot S-cytoplasms in DNA sample mixtures in which they are in up to a 10-fold minority, indicating that use of the marker has high diagnostic precision. We also demonstrated the usefulness of the SNP detected in the psbA gene for high-throughput discrimination of CMS factors using Real-time PCR and a TaqMan probe assay.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 1999

Field infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs) were isolated from IBDV-suspected commercial chickens. The variable region in VP2 gene of six Korean IBDV isolates (K-IBDVs) and IBD vaccines was examined using the reverse transcriptase / polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RT/PCR-RFLP) assay. With all K-IBDVs and vaccine IBDVs, a 474-bp fragment of the VP2 gene was amplified and tested with various restriction enzymes. Restriction enzymes BstNI and StyI differentiated K-IBDV isolates and IBD vaccines into four groups. Restriction enzyme profiles of K-IBDV isolates were different from them of IBD vaccines. K-IBDV isolates except for 310 isolate had specific SspI and TaqI recognition sites, which were recognized in highly virulent IBDVs, but IBD vaccines had no those sites. This study showed that RT/PCR-RFLP assay was thought to be valuable tool for differentiation of IBDVs and identification of highly virulent IBDV.