• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2003

This paper summarizes the characters of virtual reality contents and its design problems, and suggests user centered approach in design methodology of VR contents. Based on case study of former VR contents design project, I developed a new VR contents design process in experience design perspective. This design process was applied on Tangible Space Initiative project of KIST, which showed positive roles of this design process as a dear communication media between project players, and an active generator of user-centered interaction design.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2008

Opera costumes are a tangible medium to directly affect how opera singers performed. Therefore, stage costumes have been designed in various ways to reflect intentions of directors. This study examines modernization of opera costumes. For this study, the author worked as one of costume design staff for "Faust" which was played in Sung-Nam Art Center from November 24, 2005 to November 27, 2005 in commemoration of the opening of the center. The following outcomes of the supporting actors are drawn from this study. Martha wore a grey jacket and a long skirt with slash. Grey suit symbolized chastity but tight long skirt with slash means sexy. Valentin wore military and combat uniforms to express that he was a soldier. The military uniform represented the situation before the war and the combat uniform symbolized the situation after the war. Rather short trousers, a white tweed jacket, purple flower ornament, a light green vest, and a beret were used to express Wagner, who looked ridiculous and always tried to flirt. Overalls, a blue jumper, and a scarlet baseball cap were used to make Siebel look naive and homely. Modern opera costumes now help reduce the time and space between stage and audience, improve economic efficiency and meet the audience's needs for various style.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.135-144
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• 2012

Since Seoul was selected as the world design capital at the end of 2007, the endeavors to modernize the Korean unique beauty is becoming more tangible. Especially, the commercial spaces to be used by the general public and tourists have the value for study in the respect that such spaces for the national iconic images and have a large and far-reaching effect to transmit the national identity. Therefore, this study analyzed the design coordination properties in the Koreanity expression found in the modern commercial spaces. the foundation for the analysis was based on Leonard Koren's work on the arrrangement rhetoric theory, 'Arranging things(2003), and the contents of Korean expression were reviewed with professional jounals. the results are as follows: First, the design coordination properties in the Koreanity expression shown in modern commercial spaces are black-white contrast, natural materials, curved shapes, brevity, and simple beauty. Especially, some elements such as wood, traditional Korean papers, stones, mid-to-low chroma natural colors, checked patterns, and crazy patterns are used with overlapping and it is viewed that it is necessay to more aggressively seek for the disappeared traditional elements in the Korean modeling properties. Second, the concrete images of Korean expressions could be summarized as four adjective image groups, Natural, Subtitle, Gentle and Magnificent.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.297-306
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• 2010

A city is the space which has a various historical experiment and memories. From these social and cultural environment, regional competitions through the introduction and settlement of a local self-government have been important in city marketing. For city development, a serial activation policies are come and in this process the native history and cultures have recognized as the core tool of cities. For possession of city competition, we have developed the cities' tangible and/or intangible cultural properties and make full use of a attractive asset. The city identity is established and the opportunity of a special space is made. This city identity has been dependent on spending time. We suggest the strategy for the historical and cultural city image through the historical element and the development of program for the promotion of publicity activities. The preservation and application of the modern architectures as the cultural and historical element promote the city image and build the position of city identity. We suggest the city marketing application strategy for the implication on the sustainable reproductive city.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2015

This study has set up a plan to establish a trail as a means of maximizing a community by using the residents' living materials and unused facilities that a village holds now. A local archive is a place where the records and living materials collected from a village are preserved, displayed and shared with others, serving as a complex space with multiple functions. To apply the idea of 'utilizing a local archive', the empirical study was conducted by making an analysis of trail resources of Baekryeong Island and local archive application resources. Local archive resources were selected through evaluation of connection of trail routes by investigating and discovering the unused facilities of Baekryeong Island village and the depreciation level and scale of them. And actual local archive living references were investigated and collected through in-depth interviews of villagers. Also, through planning of trails by region, limitations of investigation activities were improved and various tangible and intangible resources owned by Baekryeong Island were utilized to enable effective and distinctive investigation activities and experiences. Unused facilities were surveyed and chosen to take advantage of the local archive space, along with in-depth interviews with the residents living in Baekryeong Island. In addition, the current conditions for the trail routes were checked out in order to 'point out the final routes'.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.370-376
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• 2010

Objective : Although unilateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is widely used because of its benefits, it does have some technical limitations. Removal of disk material and endplate cartilage is difficult, but essential, for proper fusion in unilateral surgery, leading to debate regarding the surgery's limitations in removing the disk material on the contralateral side. Therefore, authors have conducted a randomized, comparative cadaver study in order to evaluate the efficiency of the surgery when using conventional instruments in the preparation of the disk space and when using the recently developed high-pressure water jet system, SpineJet$^{TM}$ XL. Methods : Two spine surgeons performed diskectomies and disk preparations for TLIF in 20 lumbar disks. All cadaver/surgeon/level allocations for preparation using the SpineJet$^{TM}$ XL (HydroCision Inc., Boston, MA, USA) or conventional tools were randomized. All assessments were performed by an independent spine surgeon who was unaware of the randomizations. The authors measured the areas (cm2) and calculated the proportion (%) of the disk surfaces. The duration of the disk preparation and number of instrument insertions and withdrawals required to complete the disk preparation were recorded for all procedures. Results : The proportion of the area of removed disk tissue versus that of potentially removable disk tissue, the proportion of the area of removed endplate cartilage, and the area of removed disk tissue in the contralateral posterior portion showed 74.5 ${\pm}$ 17.2%, 18.5 ${\pm}$ 12.03%, and 67.55 ${\pm}$ 16.10%, respectively, when the SpineJet$^{TM}$ XL was used, and 52.6 ${\pm}$ 16.9%, 22.8 ${\pm}$ 17.84%, and 51.64 ${\pm}$ 19.63%, respectively, when conventional instrumentations were used. The results also showed that when the SpineJet$^{TM}$ XL was used, the proportion of the area of removed disk tissue versus that of potentially removable disk tissue and the area of removed disk tissue in the contralateral posterior portion were statistically significantly high (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively). Also, compared to conventional instrumentations, the duration required to complete disk space preparation was shorter, and the frequency of instrument use and the numbers of insertions/withdrawals were lower when the SpineJet$^{TM}$ XL was used. Conclusion : The present study demonstrates that hydrosurgery using the SpineJet$^{TM}$ XL unit allows for the preparation of a greater portion of disk space and that it is less traumatic and allows for more precise endplate preparation without damage to the bony endplate. Furthermore, the SpineJet$^{TM}$ XL appears to provide tangible benefits in terms of disk space preparation for graft placement, particularly when using the unilateral TLIF approach.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2013

This study represents something in common and differences of organic characteristics between early modern architecture and contemporary architecture analysing F. L. Wright's Robie House and Toyo Ito's Sendai Mediatheque. A natural organic body cannot be separated from the natural environment, and each part of an architecture has each own property and forms a whole at the same time. That is a basic concept of organic architecture, and a framework for analysis is set up based on it. The followings are similarities and differences of organic concept and interpretation between Wright's Robie House and Ito's Sendai Mediatheque First, Wright' Robie house unites with the natural surrounding, using a physically close connection to the ground. In contract, Ito's Mediatheque shows characteristics of noncentural and fluidic space that are metaphorically reflecting tangible and intangible of factors in modern city, where there is an ambiguous physical boundary between architecture and urban environment. Next, floors, walls and ceilings of Wright's housing as for basic building blocks are physically separated and at the same time form formative unity from the point of view of a physical and structural organic body. And continuous flow of faces of separated walls form an organism united with the nature from a physical aspect. On the contrary to this, there is an no-boudary and floating organic architecture of integrated structure from ambiguous setting of relation between architecture and urban space in Ito's architecture. Especially, Mediatheque shows semantic integration of floating urban environmental factors through horizontal and vertical integration of horizontal slabs, vertical pipes, and skins. Last, horizontal and vertical factors of Wright' Housing is appreciated as an basic experienced structure in terms of spacial perception and fluidic inner spaces in Wright's housing is completed with a series of spatial experiences in a visual sense. On the other hand, no-boundary and floating space of Ito's architecture accept user's physical and virtual body. Especially, there is an integration transcending beyond time and space, accepting an imaginary body and events with the course of time at Ito's Mediatheque.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.261-276
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• 2010

The analysis of an art trend in the principle dimension starts by observing the object of work in the perspective of formative composition and recognizing it as a universal system. It can be said that it is consistent with an interpretation method for a form theory of formal history by Heinrich W$\ddot{o}$lfflin, a leading form critic in art criticism. Hence, the purpose of this study was to find out what are the formative principles in Renaissance Classicism as a design principle to be applicable to modern fashion by reviewing the formative characteristics of Renaissance Classicism Architecture with which W$\ddot{o}$lfflin directly dealt. As for the theoretical literature review, I used W$\ddot{o}$lfflin's theoretical framework and looked at the Renaissance Classicism Architecture that he studied and examined the possibility of utilizing his theory as a layout principle and the characteristics. As for analysis of design cases, I applied the aforementioned architecture layout principle to modern fashion and conducted case study analysis to delve into distinctive layout principles found in fashion. The study showed that the Renaissance Classicism Architectural Style is marked by linearity, planarity, closing and multiple unity: linearity was expressed in the observation form in fixed frontal view and an emphasis on a tangible silhouette homeogenous and definite line structures; planarity was achieved in the form of paralleled layers of frontal view element, planarity style, and identical and proportional repetition of various sizes.; closing signified the pursuit of complete and clear regularity, and architecture developed in a constructive phase through organizational inevitability and absolute invariability.; multiple unity was expressed in self-completedness and independent parallel of discrete forms and harmony of emphasized individual elements in a totality. Applying these layout characteristics of the Renaissance Classicism Architectural style and to see their individual expressive features, I found out that in adopting layout principles of the Renaissance Classicism Architecture to modern fashion, it turned out to be an emphasis of individual silhouettes, a flattened space, completed objects, organic harmony among independent parts: the emphasis of individual silhouettes was expressed in individual definitiveness of formative lines of clothes in accordance with body joints and an emphasis on formative lines of clothes; the flattened space was marked by single layer structure, planarity of elements of clothes, and listing arrangement by appropriate proportion.; the completedness of the objects was expressed by the stationary state where overall image is fixed, the construction of homogeneous and complete space, and absolute inevitability of internal layout in proportion; lastly, organic harmony of independent parts was stressed in independent completedness of each detail, and organic harmony of the whole. The expressive features would lead to a unique expression style of linear emphasis, proportion, constructive forms, and two-dimensional arrangement. The meaning of this study is follows: The characteristics of art school of thought are given shape by appling & analysing the architectural layout principles of historical art school of thought to modern fashion in the view point of formal construction dimension. The applied possibility of historical art school of thought as the source of inspiration about the fashion design is extended.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.213-228
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• 2015

The Horizon Run 4 is a cosmological N-body simulation designed for the study of coupled evolution between galaxies and large-scale structures of the Universe, and for the test of galaxy formation models. Using 6300³ gravitating particles in a cubic box of L_box = 3150 h⁻¹Mpc, we build a dense forest of halo merger trees to trace the halo merger history with a halo mass resolution scale down to M_s = 2.7 × 10¹¹h⁻¹M_⊙. We build a set of particle and halo data, which can serve as testbeds for comparison of cosmological models and gravitational theories with observations. We find that the FoF halo mass function shows a substantial deviation from the universal form with tangible redshift evolution of amplitude and shape. At higher redshifts, the amplitude of the mass function is lower, and the functional form is shifted toward larger values of ln(1/σ). We also find that the baryonic acoustic oscillation feature in the two-point correlation function of mock galaxies becomes broader with a peak position moving to smaller scales and the peak amplitude decreasing for increasing directional cosine μ compared to the linear predictions. From the halo merger trees built from halo data at 75 redshifts, we measure the half-mass epoch of halos and find that less massive halos tend to reach half of their current mass at higher redshifts. Simulation outputs including snapshot data, past lightcone space data, and halo merger data are available at http://sdss.kias.re.kr/astro/Horizon-Run4.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.113-124
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• 2011

This study attempted to propose a space planning of rural villages having been connected by small-regions units as a plan of regional economic growth through cultivating native resources located in rural areas and then developing them. As research methods, this study carried out literature research and empirical study at the same time, and then was progressed to directions of deducing a basic plan by applying alternatives to actual object sites based on the results. Endogenous developments of areas through native resources' developments have been emphasized in Korea recently, and various policies and strategies are being appeared for making regional economic growth under these recognitions. However, rural village planning has directed to physical maintenances centering on functionality till now, and composed of facility repairs and experience projects of urban-rural interchanges mostly so as to solve living environments between cities and agricultural villages. Therefore, this study intended to pose discrimination with existing rural village planning, and set up a growth plan of rural villages by cultivating and developing tangible and intangible native resources having been kept in the rural villages and then commercializing them centering on indigenous native resources.