• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제109권4호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2020

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is one of the multipurpose tree species distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical climates. It is an important fruit yielding tree that supports the livelihood and has high social and cultural values for rural communities. The vegetative, reproductive, qualitative, and quantitative traits of tamarind vary widely. Characterization of phenotypic and genetic structure is essential for the selection of suitable accessions for sustainable cultivation and conservation. This study aimedto examine the genetic relationship among the collected accessions of sweet, red, and sour tamarind by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Nine accessions were collected from germplasm gene banks and subjected to marker analysis. Fifteen highly polymorphic primers generated a total of 169 fragments, out of which 138 bands were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content of RAPD markers varied from 0.10 to 0.44, and the Jaccard's similarity coefficient values ranged from 0.37 to 0.70. The genetic clustering showed a sizable genetic variation in the tamarind accessions at the molecular level. The molecular and biochemical variations in the selected accessions are very important for developing varieties with high sugar, anthocyanin, and acidity traits in the ongoing tamarind improvement program.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제4권6호
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• pp.231-235
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• 2005

The inhibitive effect of extracts of tamarind seeds and jackfruit seeds, curry leaves and henna leaves on corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl solution have been studied by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and impedance measurements. Results obtained from the electrochemical techniques were in good agreement with weight loss results. From the weight loss data, the values of surface coverage ($\Theta$) and corrosion rate were calculated. The inhibition efficiency (IE) increased with increasing inhibitor concentration in 1M HCl solution. In all the cases the adsorption of the natural product extracts on the mild steel surface from 1M HCl follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm relationship. Potentiodynamic polarization studies reveal the fact that all the four natural product extracts act as mixed type inhibitors. The decrease in the inhibition efficiency follows the order: Extracts of jackfruit seed>henna leaves>curry leaves>tamarind seed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2017

Objective: This study was to examine in vivo digestibility, nitrogen balance and ruminal fermentation of tamarind (Tamarind indica) kernel powder extract residue (TKPER) compared to soybean products and by-products in wethers. Methods: Four wethers with initial body weight (BW) of $51.6{\pm}5.5kg$ were assigned in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to investigate nutritional characteristics of TKPER, dry heat soybean (SB), dry soybean curd residue (SBCR) and soybean meal (SBM) feeding with ryegrass straw (R) at a ratio of 1:1 at 2% of BW in dry matter (DM) on a daily basis. Results: The digestibility of DM, crude protein, and ether extract (EE) of TKPER-R diet were 57.0%, 87.0%, and 86.0%, respectively. Higher non-fiber carbohydrates digestibility was observed in TKPER-R diet (83.2%) than in SB-R diet (73.9%, p<0.05). Wethers fed the TKPER-R diet had lower retention of nitrogen (N) and ruminal ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$) contents at 4 h after feeding than those fed the SBM-R diet (p<0.05), which had values similar to the SB-R or SBCR-R diet. The TKPER feeding had higher propionate (C3) and lower butyrate content, as well as lower acetate to propionate ratio (C2:C3) in rumen fluid than SBM feeding at 4 h after feeding (p<0.05). Conclusion: TKPER did not bring any side effect to the wethers although it was lack of fiber, and could be used as a high protein and energy ingredient in concentrate with appropriate roughage to meet the fiber requirement for ruminants.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.441-443
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• 2007

A preliminary in vitro acid neutralizing capacity test of twelve traditional Ayurvedic antacids were performed in this study. Five traditional preparations of ash of conch shell, ash of oyster, ash of pearl, limestone, and ash of cowrie showed high acid neutralizing capacity similar to standard antacid combination of $Al(OH)_3\;and\;Mg(OH)_2$. Among these the ash of conch shell found the highest acid neutralizing capacity. The ash of tamarind and ash of Achyranthus aspera showed moderate acid neutralizing capacity. The acid neutralizing capacity of red ochre; ash of iron; mixture of niter, alum and ammonium chloride; saltpeter; and ash of mica found below the USP 23 limit.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2003

Five seed kernel namely, Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Pongamia (Pongamia glabra L. Pierre), Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), Mahua (Madhuca indica Gmel.) and Shikakai (Acacia cancinna De.) were tested against hatching of eggs and larval mortality of Meloidogyne incognita causing root knot disease in mulberry along with Furadan (Carbofuran) and Bionema (a bioformulation developed from Verticillium chlamydosporium) for comparison. Results revealed that highest hush-up of hatching was observed in Neem (77.40%) and Pongamia (75.99%) seed kernel extracts at 100% concentration over the check. Similarly, highest larval mortality was observed in Neem and Pongamia by 76.00% and 74.50%, respectively at 100% concentration after 72 hrs of exposure period. Pot culture studies revealed that pre-application of seed kernel powders (20 days before inoculation of nematode) found to be more effective in controlling the root knot disease than post application. In pre application of seed kernel powders, maximum reduction of root knots was observed in case of Neem seed kernel powder (54.85%) followed by Pongamia (51.9%). Similar trend was also observed in reduction of egg masses/plant and nematode population ／250 cc soil. Rest of the seed kernel extracts was found to be less effective in suppression of hatching, enhancing the larval mortality and controlling the root knot disease. However, application of Furadan and Bionema tested for the comparison were found to be more effective than seed kernel powders. The generated information seems to be useful in developing an ecofriendly integrated approach for the control of root knot nematode disease in mulberry.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.505-510
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• 2001

생분해성 합성고분자인 PLA와 천연고분자 물질 tamarind gum과 levan을 불용화시킨 다당 아세타이트를 solvent evaporation 방법을 통해 약물(indomethacin)이 포함된 미세구를 제조하였다. PLA 미세구의 경우, 약물의 방출속도는 함유된 약물의 양에 따라 달라졌으며 담체의 비율이 증가할수록 약물의 방출이 지연되었다. 다당 아세테이트를 이용해서 제조한 미세구의 경우에도 방출지연 효과가 있었다. 이러한 점들을 고려해볼 때 본 실험에서 사용한 생체분해성 고분자 미세구들이 방출지연담체로 사용될수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2013

염화나트륨은 우리 몸의 체액에 존재하며, 혈액 속에 약 0.9 wt%의 농도로 존재하여 삼투압을 유지하는 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 그러나 사람들이 섭취하는 소금의 양은 증가하는 추세이며, 과량 섭취로 인해 고혈압 등의 원인이 되기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 생체적합성 이온성 고분자들의 특정 반대이온을 칼슘과 칼륨으로 치환시켜 나트륨 이온과의 이온교환을 통해 고분자에 나트륨이 흡착되어 대변으로 배출시킬 수 있는지를 in vitro 실험과 in vivo 실험을 통해 연구하였다. 조사된 고분자들 중 칼슘과 칼륨의 폴리스티렌설폰산, 칼슘 치환된 카라기난과 타마린드가 우수한 나트륨 치환 능력을 보유하고 있음을 확인하였고, 체온과 인공위액 및 인공장액의 조건에서도 나트륨 치환능을 유지하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 고분자들의 난용성 특징을 통해 구강 내에서는 맛의 변화를 주지 않으면서 나트륨을 흡착해 배설하는 메카니즘을 나트륨 과다 섭취에 따른 문제 해결을 위해 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.553-560
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 저온진공조건에서 추출 시간과 농도에 따른 녹차 열수추출조건을 최적화한 후 HP-20 column으로 caffeine을 제거한 녹차 추출물을 이용해 theanine 함유 기능성 젤리를 제조하였다. 또한, theanine 함유 젤리의 품질 특성, 제형안정성 및 항산화 효과, AChE 억제능을 조사하였다. 최적추출조건은 8% 녹차 분말을 2시간 추출하여 theanine 0.95 mg/mL, GABA 0.28 mg/mL, caffeine 1.45 mg/mL 추출액을 HP-20 column을 이용해 80% 에탄올로 카페인을 제거하였다. 3종의 겔화제와 농도별로 4종의 theanine 추출물 S1-S4(10-50%)을 제조해 품질 특성을 조사한 결과, 젤리에 theanine 추출물이 많을수록 L값과 b값이 증가하였다. 젤리의 물리적 특성을 조사한 결과, 3가지 겔화제 중 타마린드검, 잔탄검, 로거스트콩검(2:3:5=w/w/w)을 조합한 겔화제 III이 경도와 점착성이 낮고 탄력성이 높아 조직감이 가장 뛰어났다. 제형안정성 조사 시, 35%가 첨가된 S3가 이수율 25.88%과 붕괴율 1.31%로 우수한 제형안정성을 나타냈다. 또한 theanine 함유 젤리는 95℃, 30분간 가열조건에도 theanine과 GABA 성분이 파괴되지 않고 대부분 잔존하는 것을 TLC와 LC-MS 분석을 통해 확인했다. Theanine 추출물의 농도가 높을수록 DPPH radical 소거능은 증가하며, S4(50%)는 0.075 mg/mL ascorbic acid 수준과 유사한 항산화력을 나타냈다. AChE 저해 효과는 S3(35%)가 가장 높았으며 이는 donepezil 2.5 μM과 동일한 수준의 AChE 저해 활성을 나타냈다. 따라서 본 연구는 녹차 추출물에서 caffeine을 제거한 theanine 추출물로 기능성 젤리를 제조하였으며 품질 특성을 조사하였다.