• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present evidence for quality management based on analysis of patient transportation and response intervals among emergency medical squads. Methods: The chi-square test was used to determine whether mental status and patient assessment affected direct medical control and hospital destination. One way analysis of variance was used to compare response intervals depending on mental status and patient assessment using data drawn from 1172 prehospital care reports. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between mental status and direct medical control (p<.001); there was a statistically significant relationship between patient assessment and hospital destination (p=.011). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between mental status and hospital destination. The interval from arrival at the patient's side to departure from the scene showed a statistically significant difference (p<.001, p<.001), however, it took the longest time (16.8 minutes) in unresponsive patients. It showed a statistically significant difference (p<.001) in the interval from arrival at patient's side to departure from the scene depending on patient assessment; however, it took the longest time (9.6 minutes) in emergency patients. Conclusion: There was call for direct medical control based on patient assessment; however, patient transportation and response intervals were not appropriate.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2021

This study reports for the first time the application of electrocoagulation (EC) from laboratory to pilot scales for the treatment of printing wastewater, a hazardous waste whose treatment and disposal are strictly regulated. The wastewater was taken from three real printing companies with strongly varying characteristics. The treatment process was performed in the laboratory for operational optimization and then applied in the pilot scale. The weight loss of the electrode and the generation of sludge at both scales were compared. The results show that the raw wastewater should be diluted before EC treatment if its COD is higher than about 10,000 mg/L. Pilot scale removal efficiencies of COD and color were slightly lower compared to those obtained from the laboratory scale. At pilot scale, the effluent CODs removal efficiency was 81.9 - 88.9% (final concentration of 448 - 992 mg/L) and color removal efficiency was 95.8 - 98.6% (final level of 89 - 202 Pt-Co) which proved the feasibility of EC treatment as an effective pre-treatment method for printing wastewater as well as other high colored and hard-biodegradable wastewaters.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.200-208
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the foundations for the application of appropriate programs for pain reduction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The literature on patients with rheumatoid arthritis were found on an electronic search site for South Korean academic papers. The search terms "rheumatism" and "rheumatoid arthritis" were used independently. The combined terms "rheumatism and pain" and "rheumatoid arthritis and pain" were also used. For the meta-analysis, the R version 3.5.1 program was utilized. Results: The meta-analysis of eight papers showed a large effect size of -4.11. The programs were most effective in the order of aquatic exercise, aromatherapy, self-help education, muscle strength exercises, and tai chi. Conclusion: This study could provide the basis for presenting appropriate programs for pain management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2022

Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic has triggered several herd purchase behaviors, and online shopping has been considered a health-related preventative behavior. Thisstudy aimsto the relative impact of health threat beliefs concerning Covid-19 (perceived susceptibility and perceived severity) and herd mentality on consumers' online shopping post-adoption disconfirmation and continuance intention of online shopping. Research design, data and methodology: An internet survey was conducted with Vietnamese consumers, and upon screening, usable data of 292 responses were analyzed using PLS-SEM. Results showed that while herd mentality positively affects disconfirmation, health threat beliefs including perceived susceptibility and perceived severity of Covid-19 do not. Results: Results also provided further support for the notion that disconfirmation is a crucial determinant of post-adoption continuance intention. Moreover, herd mentality also has a significantly negative influence on online shopping post-adoption continuance intention. Conclusions: The research provides evidence supporting the role of herd mentality and post-adoption disconfirmation in driving consumers' intention to continue online shopping. However, the research shows that neither the perceived susceptibility of Covid-19 nor the perceived severity of Covid-19 has significant impact on post-adoption disconfirmation, adding mixed evidence to the application of health belief theory in technology (such as online shopping) adoption.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 1980

The ultrastructures of the mucous glands in the Asiatic land salamander (Hynobius leechi) skin were observed by means of electron microscope. The results were as follows; 1. The mucous gland of the Asiatic land salamander skin consisted of a body of gland and a duct. The body of gland consisted of the glandular epithelial and the myoepithelial cells. 2. The light, the dark, the mitochondria-rich, the endoplasmic reticulum-developed, the secretory granule-containing and the vesiculated cells were observed in the mucous glandular epithelium. 3. It is supposed that the light, the dark and the mitochondria-rich cells are undifferentiated cells, the endoplasmic reticulum-developed cell is pre-secretory cell, the secretory granule-containing cell is mature cell and the vesiculated cell is evacuated cell.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2014

Background: Solid cancers with bone marrow metastases are rare but lethal. This study aimed to identify clinical factors predictive of survival in adult patients with solid cancers and bone marrow metastases. Methods: A total of 83 patients were enrolled consecutively between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2012. Bone marrow metastases were confirmed by biopsies. Patient clinical features and laboratory data were analyzed for associations. Results: The median age of the patients was 54 years (range, 23-88 years), and 58% were male. The 3 most common primary tumor locations were the stomach (32 patients, 39%), prostate (16 patients, 19%), and lungs (12 patients, 15%). The median overall survival was 49 days (range, 3-1423 days). Patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1, cancers of prostate origin, platelet counts over 50,000/ml, and undergoing antitumor therapies had a significantly better prognosis in the multivariate analysis. The median survival times were 173 and 33 days for patients with 2-3 more favorable parameters (n=24) and those with 0-1 (n=69), respectively (hazard ratio 0.30; 95% CI 0.17-0.52, p<0.001). Conclusions: Solid cancers with bone marrow metastases are dismal and incurable diseases. Understanding prognostic factors to these diseases helps medical personnel to provide appropriate treatments and better inform patients about outcomes. Antitumor therapies may improve outcomes in selected patient cohorts.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2001

Purpose: We investigated the possibility of early postoperative Tc-99m DTPA scintigraphy in predicting long-term renal transplant survival. Materials and Methods: 64 living donor (LD) grafts were divided into two groups according to the graft function on early post-operative renal scintigraphy. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model. Chi-square test was performed to evaluate the difference in the frequency of acute rejection. Results: Cumulative renal transplant survival was decreased in 11 patients with abnormal renal scintigraphy, but it was not statistically significant. Decreased graft function on early post-operative renal scintigraphy was not a predictor of long-term graft survival. The frequency of acute rejection was higher in abnormal scintigraphy group, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Decreased graft function on early post-operative renal scintigraphy has no direct effect on long-term renal transplant survival in LD transplantation. But it may have an indirect elect through increasing the frequency of acute rejection.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.113-119
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• 2000

Objectives : Wrist ganglion is one of the most common diseases on the wrist joint. So far acupuncture, medication, drainage and local anesthetic excision therapy have been used for this disease, but the development of more effective treatment method is being expected because of frequent recurrence and side effect. Considered that most ganglion is polycystic, on the basis of classic centro-square acupuncture, newly transformed centro-square acupuncture was applied to this report. Methods : All the patients with wrist ganglion was divided into two groups. Newly transformed centro-square acupuncture was app(ied to one group composed of 11 patients and classic centro-square acupuncture to the other group with 19 patients. Classic centro-square acupuncture is made up of slanting and straight insertion. the former is a method that tips of 4 needles are inserted from the outersurface of wrist ganglion oriented to the center of the ganglion, the latter is that tip of one needle is inserted on the center of the ganglion straightly. In the newly transformed centro-square acupuncture, straight insertion of dry needle was taken place of by syringe needle in order to drain phlegm. In this report, classic and newly transformed centro-square acupuncture were used somewhat differently from original ones. Moxibustion was applied after removing all the needles. In newly transformed centro-square acupuncture, moxibustion was also applied after drainage of phlegm and slanting insertion. Results : 1. Wrist ganglion was frequently developed around the acupoint of Tae-Yeon(Tai Yuan, LU9) and Yang-Ji(Yang Chi, TE4) and the difference between occurrence of development on the left and right hand had no significancy. 2. The mean number of treatment for recovery : The newly transformed centro-square acupuncture had fewer treatment than classic one. 3. The newly transformed centro-square acupuncture was more effective than classic one. 4. As a result of following up 6 to 72 months after wrist ganglion had been eliminated, there was no recurrence. Conclusion : In the treatment of wrist ganglion, newly transformed centro-square acupuncture can be regarded as more useful method in the clinical practice, because it has comparatiely shorter duration of treatment and is more effective.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.348-357
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate encouragement experience on breastfeeding of health professionals, and the support in their hospitals on breastfeeding. A questionnaire on breastfeeding was administered to the obstetricians, pediatricians and nurses at the department of pediatrics or obstetrics of university hospital and private hospital in Seoul and Choong-Chung Province in South Korea. Total numbers of study subjects were 346 (pediatrician 67, obstetrician 41, nurse 238). Data was statistically analyzed according to descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and multivariant analysis. The results were as follows : 1. Most of the respondents (93.6%) had a knowledge regarding breastfeeding which had more advantage than formula-feeding. But their experience to educate the mother about breastfeeding was very limited (34.8%). The major problems were insufficient concern of healthcare professionals, no trained personnel's and lack of education programs on breastfeeding. 2. Most of the respondents (82%) had learned breastfeeding management in class at the university. But 2/3 of them had not been educated on breastfeeding management after graduation. 3. More than half of the hospitals had no breastfeeding education programs. And they recommended the formula-feeding to the mothers. 4. Seventy percent of the respondents recognized that breastfeeding information offered to the mothers in their hospitals might help to increase the rate of breastfeeding. But only 40% of hospital had offered breastfeeding information using pamphlets or brochures. In our study, a majority of respondents had not been educated on breastfeeding after graduation. A personal experience in breastfeeding is known predictor of confidence in breastfeeding. Educational programs may have an effect to change the health professionals behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to assist health professionals in obtaining more knowledge about breastfeeding. Continuing education programs to health professionals should be offered by nation and regional organization.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 1995

The antiulcer effects of newly synthesized prostaglandin derivatives were investigated in various experimental ulcer models and on gastric secretion in rats. HK-3 and HK-4, PG $E_2$derivatives, prevented the formation of acute gastric ulcer induced by ethanol or aspirin in pylorus-ligated rats. The ulcer formation was moderately inhibited by HK-1 and HK-2, PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ derivatives, and aggravated by SK-1, SK-2 and SK-3, PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ derivatives. HK-3 and HK-4 reduced the volume, acid output and pepsin output of gastric juice in pylorus-ligated rats. The gastric perfusion with physiologic saline(pH 6.0) showed relatively constant acid secretion and indomethacin increased the acid secretion. The acid secretion was markedly decreased by PG $E_2$but PG $F_{2{\alpha}}$ caused little change. Prostaglandin derivatives, especially HK-3 arid HK-4, significantly inhibited the acid secretion induced by indomethacin. The results show that, PG $E_2$ derivatives, HK-3 and HK-4, inhibit acid secretion and also have protective effects on gastric ulceration induced by ethanol or aspirin.