• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to explore how to make use of the light and expression methods to embody phenomenal space by considering the representation techniques and characteristics of a variety of 'Phenomenal light' in his works focused on the Steven Holl's views that thought the light as object of creating space. The process is summarized as follows: (1) Study on the relationship between light and color, Classify concept and type of phenomenal light by phenomenal color (2) Consider the characteristics and expression methods of the phenomenal light in the Steven Holl's architecture (3) Finally, organize the concepts and representation techniques of phenomenal light, and then present method to embody phenomenal space by light. According to this, the results are as follows: (1) Perceptual color by the light of the sense forms a variety of perception and texture of light and shadow according to the contrast of shades and the change of materiality, thus embodying multisensory space with the light as the medium approach that helps to experience formal and tactile senses. (2) Spatial color by the light of volume distinguishes the flow and movement of sight, and embody inducing space with the light as Atypical activity that forms atmosphere of space through concentrated or overlapped mass of light and darkness. (3) Existential color by the light of the light source visualizes the existence of the uncertain light, and embody the receptive space with the light as emotional communication that forms symbolic and psychological meaning through metaphorical phenomena of colored light.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.446-457
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• 2017

This study surveys the usage and satisfaction of car seat covers, analyzes the satisfaction and luxuriousness of materials used and provides basic data on optimum car seat covers that improve consumer satisfaction, stability, and comfort, while driving. The survey was conducted on 150 people in their 20s to 60s with a car. Consequently, achromatic colored car seat covers were used most and the satisfaction with black was very high. Interior & exterior harmony and the pursued car image were considered important, this consumer psychology impacted the color selection for car seat covers. The satisfaction reasons were different according to materials. Genuine leather was highly regarded in interior & exterior harmony (20.8%), excellent seat sensation (17.7%), excellent tactile sensation (11.5%), and luxuriousness (8.5%). For artificial leather, interior & exterior harmony (16.5%) and easiness of stain removal (13.6%) was rated high and fabric had excellent seat sensation (12.3%) and economics (10.8%). The material, heated and ventilated device affected car seat cover satisfaction. The luxurious image of car seat covers was pursed and was perceived mainly with a sense of sight. Luxury car seat covers were mainly created with materials. Genuine leather and black car seat covers increased luxuriousness. For car seat covers, those with flexibility, excellent compressive elasticity, and thickness were perceived as luxurious.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.233-246
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• 2015

Focus on Digital Fashion Image, the conceptual framework for the thesis is established from Virtuality in Digital Art. Formative characteristics and aesthetic characteristics were studied by classifying the Digital Fashion Image applied and expressed by digital media and technology. A detective research method was used for a case study. A literature study for case-by-case data was analyzed with focus on the works expressing fashion that utilized digital media and technology since the 2000s. Through this study, the Digital revolution has created the socio-cultural impact of a Virtual representation to implement technology and fashion culture that finds ways to take advantage of the image shown in a Digital Fashion Media by understanding Virtuality. The results are as follows. First, it was a re-formation of the fashion culture through the experience of virtuality with mental zone parameters between the media 'Mediation Code'. Reflect the reality of the virtual environment as represented by a cultural image of fashion brands and fashion that reset the team relationship and formed a Homo Ludens cultural code. Second, 'Interactive Exchange' acts on the exchange interaction between the method of digital technology, the human and the machine as well as the technical interoperability of network elements and techniques. This exchange is applied to fashion images that express emotion. Forming personalized fashion items and the user interactively storage that expresses the interactive exchange to forward the identity of the emotional fashion by a change in the message delivery system fashion. Third, the emphasis on intuitive artistic expression 'Synesthesia Immersion' induces a sense of immersion and excitement through the fusion of the interconnected. Enhance a visual image in fashion sensory representation and maximize a tactile and visual virtual reality involvement.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.347-357
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• 1997

An accurate working length is an essential factor in the success of endodontic treatment. There are several methods for determining working length; electronic apex locator, tactile sense by clinician, and radiography. Among these methods, the most commonly used method is radiography. But this method requires excessive radiation, long developing time, and many equipments. In additon, it could give an image distortion and two dimensional image. To improve these disadvantages, an intraoral digital radiographic system (Digora$^{(R)}$) which use an imaging plate instead of a film, was developed. The purpose of this investigation was to compare Digora imaging with conventional radiography in determining the working length. Maxillary first or second molars of human dried skull were used. Files were inserted into canals at randomly selected lengths, from 2mm short of the radiographic apex to 2rnm beyond. Radiographs and Digora images(Digora positive and Digora negative) were evaluated to determine the adjustment needed to place the file 0.5mm from the radiographic apex. The results were as follows ; 1. There was no significant difference in accuracy between those evaluated in ${\pm}0.5mm$ and those accurately evaluated in the 3 images. 2. When comparing the accuracy of each image without distinguishing the 3 images, in the group accurately determined within ${\pm}0.5mm$, the mesiobuccal group showed significantly higher accuracy compared to the palatal group(p<0.05).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the correlation of the subjective and the objective evaluation of edentulous ridge bone quality, and to evaluate the change of the dental implant stability in each bone density group for early healing period after implant installation. Methods: Sixty-seven implants(Osstem implant$^{(R)}$, Seoul, Korea) were included in this study. We evaluated the bone density by 2 methods. The one was the subjective method which was determined by practitioner s tactile sense, the other was the objective bone type was based on Hounsfield units. The implant stability in each bone type group was assessed by resonance frequency analyzer(Osstell mentor$^{(R)}$). Data were analyzed for the change of the implant stability, and they were compared to verify the difference of groups at the time of installation, 2, 6, 10, 14 weeks postoperatively. Spearman's correlation was used to demonstrate the correlation between the subjective and the objective evaluation of the bone density, and analysis of variance(ANOVA) was used to analyze the differences of implant stability at each time point. Results: There was no close relation between the subjective and the objective evaluation of the bone density(r=0.57). In the subjective groups, there was statistically significant difference between the type 1 and 3 at 10 weeks and between the type 2 and 3 at 14 weeks. In the objective groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the D 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 group with regard to RFA from baseline to 14 weeks(P>0.1). Conclusions: The implant stability increased over time during the study, and it was improved with bone density proportionally after 2weeks postoperatively. It is recommended that the decision of bone density is base on Hounsfield unit for implant loading time.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that delivers low-intensity direct current to cortical areas, thereby facilitating or inhibiting spontaneous neuronal activity. This study was designed to investigate changes in various sensory functions after tDCS. We conducted a single-center, single-blinded, randomized trial to determine the effect of a single session of tDCS with the current perception threshold (CPT) in 50 healthy volunteers. Nerve conduction studies were performed in relation to the median sensory and motor nerves on the dominant hand to discriminate peripheral nerve lesions. The subjects received anodal tDCS with 1 mA for 15 minutes under two different conditions, with 25 subjects in each groups: the conditions were as follows tDCS on the primary motor cortex (M1) and sham tDCS on M1. We recorded the parameters of the CPT a with Neurometer$^{(R)}$ at frequencies of 2000, 250, and 5 Hz in the dominant index finger to assess the tactile sense, fast pain and slow pain, respectively. In the test to measure CPT values of the M1 in the tDCS group, the values of the distal part of the distal interphalangeal joint of the second finger statistically increased in all of 2000 Hz (p=.000), 250 Hz (p=.002), and 5 Hz (p=.008). However, the values of the sham tDCS group decreased in all of 2000 Hz (p=.285), 250 Hz (p=.552), and 5 Hz (p=.062), and were not statistically significant. These results show that M1 anodal tDCS can modulate sensory perception and pain thresholds in healthy adult volunteers. The study suggests that tDCS may be a useful strategy for treating central neurogenic pain in rehabilitation medicine.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2002

This landscape design was proposed for the Buchon Special School Competition, held by the Kyonggi Province Office of Education. The authors collaborated on this design and won first prize in November of 2001. In the design proposal, on the basis of the knowledge of; mentally retarded children the children's activities, nature and health, and the healing gardens, the special school outdoor spaces were designed to meet the particular needs of the users. The school outdoor spaces are design for various types of users-children, adolescents, parents, siblings, staff, volunteers and visitors. The following are some of the basis concerns in the design of the school outdoor spaces : garden site planning, garden location, security, microclimate, entering and exiting, accessibility, usability, user group territories, supervision, attracting trained volunteers, a range of high-quality social settings, accommodation of different student types, accommodation of needs for both challenge and rest, child nature interaction, diversity of natural settings, hands-on activity, integrating the arts, and maintenance. The following are some of the major features in the design of school outdoor spaces : pleasant and inviting entry areas, sports grounds with different levels of challenge, gardens with plants having strong fragrances and/or tactile qualities, resting places with many types and forms of seating and weather-mitigating features, play grounds for all student types, roof gardens for users to experience nature in man-made environments, and walkways and winding paths with various trees, shrubs and flowers. In the special school outdoor spaces, people would perceive a unique sense of place through the various types of spaces and features described above. An example of the true meaning of a playing and resting place and a restorative and therapeutic environment is provided in the school outdoor spaces.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 기존의 시/청각 방식의 운전정보 전달체계의 한계를 극복하고 더불어 교통약자들의 운전 수행에 도움이 되는 자동차용 햅틱시트 기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 동전형 모터 30개를 사용한 진동자극용 시트커버형 시제품과 모터드라이버모듈을 제작하였고 촉각이상이 없는 젊은 남녀 10명을 대상으로 6자유도 모션베이스 상에 구축된 가상운전 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 가상운전상황에서의 시트진동자극에 대한 실험을 진행하였다. 모터의 동작전압(1.5V, 2.5V, 3.5V)에 따라 세기가 가변되는 30개소의 진동자극의 위치별 인지율을 측정하여 분석하였다. 피험자들은 2.5V,3.5V로 동작하는 30개소의 모터 진동자극을 모두 인지하였고 최저작동전압인 1.5V에서도 일정수준 이상의 인지율을 보여주는 결과를 얻었으며 이 결과는 차량 내에서의 시트를 통한 진동자극의 운전정보 유용성을 보여주는 것으로 사료된다.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2016

Based on a survey done recently in Japan, 30 percent of the serious accidents occurred in oral implant surgery were concerned with the mandibular canal and 3/4 of them were related to drilling. One of the reasons lies in the lack of the education system. To overcome this problem, a new educational system focusing on drilling the mandibular trabecular bone has been developed mainly for dental college students in the form of an oral implant surgery training simulator that enables student to sense the reaction force during drilling. On the other hand, the conventional system uses polymeric model. Based on these systems, two approaches were proposed; the evaluation by experienced clinicians using the simulator, and experimental works on the polymeric model. Focusing on the combination of the drilling force sensed and drilling speed obtained through both approaches, the results were compared. It was found that the polymeric models were much softer especially near the mandibular canal. In addition, the study gave us an insight of the understanding in bone quality through tactile sensation of the drilling force and speed. Furthermore, the clinicians positively reviewed the simulator as a valid tool.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2010

Objectives : Chim-Gu-Kyung-Heom-Bang(CGKHB; 鍼灸經驗方) is the needle and moxa specialized document written by the doctor specialized in needle and moxa treatment of Joseon(朝鮮), Heo Im(1570-1647). The document was published in April 1644(22nd year of King Injo). CGKHB contains the needle and moxa treatment techniques accumulated by the Joseon Dynasty as well as the personal experience of Heo Im. The aim of this study is to restore the past treatment method as a method of Needle Insertion Method at CV12(NIM-CV12, needle to penetrate blood vessel technique) in CGKHB.. Methods : Through Dong-Yi-Bao-Gam(DYBG; 東醫寶鑑), the implication of Korean medicine study of the Jungwan(CV12) has been studied. Next is the contemplation of the NIM-CV12 of CGKHB with the Acupuncture Treatment Using Jungwan(中脘鍼法) of Park Tae-won and Acupuncture Treatment for Byeokjeok(癖積鍼法) of "Geup Yubang". Results and Conclusions : 1. CV12 is one of the acupuncture points representing stomach(脾胃), middle energizer(中焦), phlegm-fluid retention(痰飮) and greater yin(太陰). 2. NIM-CV12 of CGKHB is the technique to penetrate the needle into the CV12 strictly relying on tactile sense of a person who give the penetration. This CV12 administration was carried out at intervals of every 7 or 8 day. During the administration period, the patient was not allowed to intake excessive amount of food. 3. The Acupuncture Treatment Using Jungwan(中脘鍼法) of Park Tae-won and Acupuncture Treatment for Byeokjeok(癖積鍼法) of "GeupYubang", existed in the same era of the NIM-CV12 of CGKHB, have similar linkage to the NIM-CV12 of Heo Im.