• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.191-195
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• 1983

Acetaminophen, fenbufen, and mefenamic acid tablets were formulated with the same additives, granulated to different sizes, ranging $30{\sim}200mesh$, and compressed by pressure of $0.5{\sim}2.0\;ton{\cdot}cm^{-2}$. The hardness and disintegration time of the three tablets were determined. The dissolution rates of the three tablets at critical point of pressure were investigated. The results showed that fenbufen, and mefenamic acid tablet had critical compression pressure of $1.0\;ton{\cdot}cm^{-2}$, but acetaminophen tablet had that of $1.5\;ton{\cdot}cm^{-2}$. Neverthless, three tablets were disintegrated within 5 min. Among the three tablets, mefenamic acid tablet followed zero order of dissolution and the rate constants were as fellows; $1.68 \;mg{\cdot}min^{-1}\;(30{\sim}50mesh),\;1.76mg{\cdot} min^{-1}\;(50{\sim}80\;mesh)\;and\;4.85\;mg{\cdot}min^{-1}\;(80{\sim}200mesh)$.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 1988

Physical properties of oral adhesive tablets prepared with four kinds of gums for topical or systemic drug delivery were investigated. Oral adhesive tablets containing 5mg of brilliant blue(BB) were prepared from direct compression. Viscosity of 2% gum solutions, water absorption, fracture resistance, stickiness of tablets, and dissolution of BB in pH 6.8 dissolution medium were tested. Acacia showed good stickiness and fracture resistance, and tragacanth showed good retarding effect on the release of BB from tablets. Therefore, tablets with varing ratios of acacia and tragacanth were prepared and their physical properties were examined. In conclusion, it was possible to obtain some adequate properties by compounding acacia and tragacanth.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 1995

Flurbiprofen, one of potent nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, has several systemic side effects due to dose dumping effect following oral administration of its conventional solid dosage forms. To reduce these side effects and to sustain therapeutic concentration of the drug, matrix tablets of flurbiprofen were prepared and evaluated for sustained release from the tablets. The matrix tablets of flurbiprofen were prepared with Eudragit, Pluronic, (anhydrous) lactose and colloidal silicon dioxide employing two different preparation methods, wet granulation and direct compression. The dissolution rates of the tablets were evaluated using KP 2 method. Formulation factors that affected dissolution rates of flurbiprofen were the type and content of Eudragit, the type and content of Pluronic, and the tablet preparation method. Several formulations of the matrix tablets showed dissolution patterns close to the simulated profile using pharmacokinetic parameters of flurbiprofen.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.142-157
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• 2016

In 2008, the oldest wooden tablets, in the Baekje area, were uncovered from the Bogam-ri site in Naju. This paper defines wooden tablets to as objects with inking inscriptions. Of 65 wooden tablets contained in the excavation report of this site, this paper examines the meanings of 13 tablets with inscriptions written in ink by comparing them with other tablets found in the Baekje area. All tablets were unearthed from Pit Feature No. 1, a large-scale feature, at this site. Vertical stratigraphy of the feature is divided into 43 layers; but it seems that it does not reflect the chronological order, since unearthed artefacts, including wooden tablets, pottery, and roof tiles, turned out to be produced at the same age. Wooden tablets were not found in other features, and intentionally buried in this feature. Typological characteristics of wooden tablets indicate that the pit was the secondary refuse place. The inscription of the wooden tablets labeled 'gyeongonyeon(庚午年)' and the radiocarbon dates of them indicate that these tablets were created in the early 7th century AD, centered in 610 AD. On the basis of contents and typological characteristics, these are classified into six documents, six tags, and one tablet for other purpose. Total 89 pieces of wooden tablets have been unearthed in the Baekje area. Except tablets found in Naju and Geumsan, all have been collected in palaces, royal gardens, and temples inside and outside of the Sabi Capital. The significant wooden tablets of Baekje, which can be compared with tablets from Bogam-ri, were unearthed at from the Gwanbuk-ri site, the Gungnamji site, and the Ssangbuk-ri 280-5 site. Comparative studies on wooden tablets have revealed that the place name during the Wungjin Commandery Period, the status marking method standardized in the order of place name, official rank and person's name, the fact that Baekje operated the system of prefecture(郡), and Bogam-ri was one of the places where prefecture was established, and the evidence of family register system. Wooden tablets at Bogam-ri record the documented date (610 AD), the documented place (Duhilseong where the prefecture established), and the writers (advisors and staffs of the prefecture). The recorded contents of them are invaluable data showing the local administrative system of Baekje, such as the status marking method, the means of description, the family-register system, and the land surveying system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.248-254
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• 2011

Biotransformation of pharmacologically inactive lactone prodrug simvastatin (SV) into pharmacologically active simvastatin ${\beta}$-hydroxy acid (SVA) exhibits inter-species differences due to variations in amount and activity of esterase enzymes. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of SV and its metabolite SVA following oral doses of SV from controlled-release (CR) tablets and immediate-release (IR) tablets in rodent and canine animal models that features different esterase activity. In rat PK study, no SV was detected in plasma for both formulations due to rapid hydrolysis of SV into SVA by plasma esterase. Besides, no significant differences in PK parameters of SV or SVA were observed between both species. In dog PK study, the relative oral bioavailability of CR tablets in terms of SV was 72.3% compared to IR tablets. Regarding formulation differences in dogs, CR tablets exhibited significantly lower $C_{max}$ (p<0.05), and higher $T_{max}$ (p<0.01) and MRT (p<0.01) for both SV and SVA compared to IR tablets. Accordingly, CR tablets of SV with prolonged drug release profiles in both species might be a potential candidate for a more effective delivery of SV with reduced side effects. Besides, similar PK parameters of SV and SVA in both species despite variation in enzyme activities suggested involvement of equally potent biotransformation pathways in these animal species.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1990

In order to develop a controlled-release oral drug delivery system (DDS) which sustains the plasma acetaminophen (AAP) concentration for a certain period of time, microporous membrane-coated tablets were prepared and evaluated in vitro. Firstly, highly water-soluble core tablet of AAP were prepared with various formulations by wet granulation and compression technique. Then the core tablets were coated with polyvinychloride (PVC) in which micronized sucrose particles were dispersed. Effect of formula compositions of core tablets and coating suspensions on the pharmaceutical characteristics such as drug release kinetics and membrane stability of the coated tablets was investigated in vitro. AAP was released from the coated tablets as a zero-order rate in a pH-independent manner. This independency of AAP release to pH change from 1.2 to 7.2 is favorable for the controlled oral drug delivery, since it will produce a constant drug release in the stomach and intestine regardless of the pH change in the GI tract. Drug release could be extended upto 10 h according to the coating condition. The release rate could be controlled by changing the formula compositions of the core tablets and coating suspensions, coat weight per each tablet, and especially PVC/sucrose ratio and particle size of the sucrose in the coating suspension. The coated tablets prepared in this study had a fairly good pharmaceutical characteristics in vitro, however, overall evaluation of the coated tablet should await in vivo absorption study in man.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the status of split tablet prescription in South Korea. Methods: We conducted this analysis using 2016 National Patient Sample data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. We computed split tablet prescription rates by sex and age and determined which medicine and medical specialties had the highest split tablet prescribing rates. Results: The proportion of prescriptions that included split tablets was 15.6% (n=6,687,35). The proportion of prescriptions that included split tablets was higher for females (56.7%) than for males (43.3%), while that of prescriptions including split tablets versus total prescriptions for each sex was higher for males (16.4%) than for females (14.9%) (p<0.001). In the age group under 19 years, the proportion of prescriptions including split tablets (53.7%) was more than half of the total. The highest tablet splitting rate was found to be 89.9% for formoterol fumarate (40 ㎍), and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (60 mg) had the highest number of prescriptions. Pediatrics (65.6%) was the medical field with the highest rate of split tablet prescription. Conclusion: Split tablets were most prescribed to pediatric patients. To minimize the use of split tablets, it is necessary to develop lower dose tablets and establish a policy that promotes prescription of these lower-dose tablets.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.513-517
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• 1992

The effect of solubility and hygroscopicity of some tablet diluents on the disintegration of enzyme tablets was investigated. Tablets were prepared by direct compression method using sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone, croscarmellose sodium and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose as super disintegrants. Lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol and calcium phosphate dibasic were selected as typical diluents in this study. They were different in solubility (sucrose, sorbitol>dextrose>dextrose>lactose>calcium phosphate dibasic) and hygroscopicity (sorbitol>sucrose>dextrose>caicium phosphate dibasic, lactose). The disintegrants accelerated differently the disintegration of the tablets prepared with different diluents in the decreasing order of calcium phosphate dibasic>lactose>dextrose>sucrose and sorbitol. These results indicate highly soluble and/or hygroscopic diluents decrease the efficiencies of super disintegrants in the enzyme tablets.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.60-63
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• 1987

The effect of manufacturing and packaging conditions on the stability of effervescent tablets has been studied. Mixtures of sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid were compressed at tabletting forces of 3,6, and 9 ton force. Tablets were more than simple physical mixture but the effect of tabletting force has not been found in this force range. "Curing" the tablet by heating it to $90^{\circ}C$ was effective on increasing the stability and the silica gel in the aluminium pouch stabilized the system. The equipment measuring the carbon dioxide pressure in this experiment was very useful in evaluation of the effervescent tablets.t tablets.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.307.2-308
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• 2003

The bioequivalence of two 12.72 mg domperidone maleate tablets (Sinil “perinal$\^$ⓡ/” tablets vs. Janssen Korea “Motirium-M$\^$ⓡ/” tablets) was assessed in healthy volunteers after oral administration of two tablets in a randomized crossover study. Blood samples were collected at specified time intervals, and plasma was analyzed for domperidone base using a validated HPLC method. (omitted)