• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.1051-1055
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the screen size of smart devices on the bending angle of the cervical spine. The subjects of this study were 30 healthy adults(15 men and 15 women) who used smartphones and tablet PC(personal computer). The changes in the bending angle of the upper and lower cervical spine were measured in the subjects after they had used a smartphone and a tablet PC for 300 seconds each. To make sure that all subjects began in the same starting position, an angle-measuring instrument was used to set the angles of the ankle, knee, hip, and arm joints to 90 degree. The subjects were asked to keep the trunk straight. They were asked to hold a smartphone in their hand and to bend their neck so that they could look down at the screen. Once they began using the smartphone in this manner, they were free to change their posture. We used a paired t-test to compare the bending angle of the cervical spine on subjects who used smartphones and tablet PC in the long-term and short-term there production error of cervical and the significance level was cervical. The results showed that, when using a smartphone and a tablet PC for 300 seconds, there was no significant difference in the bending angle of the upper cervical spine(p>.05), although there was a significant difference in the bending angle of the lower cervical spine(p<.05).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2014

This thesis proposes CBIRS/TB method that uses a tablet's color distribution information and form distinctive in content-based search. CBIRS/TB can avoid misuses and improper tablet uses by conducting content-based search in commonly prescribed tablets. The existing FE-CBIRS system is limited to recognizing only the image of color and shape of the tablet, that leads to applying insufficient form-specific information. While CBIRS/TB utilizes average, standard deviation, hue and saturation of each tablets in color, brightness, and contrast, FE-CBIRS has partial-sphere application problem; only applying the typical color of the tablet. Also, in case of the shape-specific-information, Invariant Moment is mainly used for the extracted partial-spheres. This causes delayed processing time and accuracy problems. Therefore, to improve this setback, this thesis indexed color-specific-information of the extracted images into categorized classification for improved search speed and accuracy.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2011

Sertraline HCl, (1S-cis)-4-(3, 4-dichloro-phenyl)-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-l-naphthalenamine hydrochloride, is a potent and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor which is used in the treatment of depression and obsessivecompulsive disorders. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two sertraline HCl tablets, Traline tablet (Myungin Pharm. Co. Ltd.) and Zoloft$^{(R)}$ tablet (Pfizer Inc.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The in vitro release of sertraline from the two sertraline HCl formulations was tested using KP VIII Apparatus II method with various dissolution media. Twenty four healthy Korean male volunteers, $23.50{\pm}1.74$ years in age and $64.09{\pm}7.10\;kg$ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ crossover study was employed. After a single tablet containing 50 mg as sertraline HCl was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of sertraline in serum were determined using an online columnswitching HPLC method with UV/Vis detection. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in all tested dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated, and computer programs (Equiv Test and K-BE Test) were utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and un-transformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, Zoloft$^{(R)}$ tablet, were 0.04, 3.26 and -1.29% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$, and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log0.8 to log1.25. Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Traline tablet was bioequivalent to Zoloft$^{(R)}$ tablet.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2011

Loxoprofen sodium, a 2-phenylpropionate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has marked analgesic and antipyretic activities and relatively weak gastrointestinal ulcerogenicity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two loxoprofen sodium tablets, Hana loxoprofen sodium tablet (Hana Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Dongwha Loxonin$^{(R)}$ tablet (Dongwha Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The in vitro release of loxoprofen from the two loxoprofen sodium formulations was tested using KP IX Apparatus II method with various dissolution media. Twenty four healthy Korean male volunteers, $22.83{\pm}1.862$ years in age and $69.92{\pm}9.14$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ crossover study was employed. After a single tablet containing 60 mg as loxoprofen sodium was orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of loxoprofen in serum were determined using a online column-switching HPLC method with UV/Vis detection. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in all tested dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC^t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated, and computer programs (Equiv Test and K-BE Test 2002) were utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and un-transformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, Dongwha Loxonin$^{(R)}$ tablet, were 2.03, 2.99 and -9.49% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$, and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log0.8 to log1.25 (e.g., log0.9831~log1.0535 and log0.9455~log1.1386 for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Hana loxoprofen sodium tablet was bioequivalent to Dongwha Loxonin$^{(R)}$ tablet.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2021

In the case of laptops and tablet PC's that replace desktop, it uses the Windows operating system to provide various functions depending on operating system dependency, the Windows operating system does not support real-time processing because it uses multi-level feedback queue scheduling that extends round-robin scheduling. Also, since the initial value of Local APIC Counter can not be obtained from the Windows 8, the real-time processing function provided through the existing RTiK does not work. In this paper, we calculate Local APIC Counter value by using MSR_FSB_FREQ register to support real-time processing function on tablet PC's. We designed and implemented RTiK+, which provides real-time processing function to guarantee the periodicity by calculating the operation time of accurate timer. In order to verify and evaluate the performance of the implemented the RTiK+, the period was measured by using the Read Time-Stamp Counter(RDTSC) instruction and it was confirmed that it operates normally at 1ms and 0.1ms period.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2018

Augmented Reality (AR) technology has rapidly been applied to various application areas including e-learning and e-education. Focusing on the design and development of android tablet application, this study targeted to develop infant music education using AR technology. We used a tablet instead of personal computer because it is more easily accessible and more convenient. Our system allows infant users to play with teaching aids like blocks or puzzles to mimic musical play like game. The user sets the puzzle piece on the playground in front of the tablet and presses the play button. Then, the system extracts a region of interest among the images acquired by internal camera and separates the foreground image from the background image. The block recognition software analyzes, recognizes and shows the result using AR technology. In order to have reasonably working recognition ratio, we did experiments with more than 5,000 frames of actual playing scenarios. We found that the recognition rate can be secured up to 95%, when the threshold values are selected well using various condition parameters.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.60-72
• /
• 2002

포장된 복합비타민의 보관수명을 예측하기 위한 수학모델을 수치해석의 방법 중 finite difference method을 이용한 컴퓨터 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이 컴퓨터 프로그램에는 포장재료의 수분확산계수와 용해도를 비롯한 식품의 수분확산계수 등 다양한 인자들을 포함하고 있다. 포장재료를 통과하는 수분의 물질전달은 G.A.B water sorption isotherm을 기본으로 했다. 본 연구에서는 비정상상태에서의 물질전달로 기본 수학모델링을 구하였다. 본 수학모델과 프로그램의 결과는 실험치와 비교하지 않았고 대신 특정한 경우를 가상하여 이에 존재하는 analytical solutions를 실제로 구하여 본 수학모델과 컴퓨터 프로그램의 신뢰도 측정을 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.255-261
• /
• 2010

Cefprozil is a broad-spectrum oral beta-lactam cephalosporin consisting of cis- and trans-isomeric mixture whose ratio is approximately 90:10. Cefprozil is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria such as bronchitis and ear, skin, and throat infections. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cefprozil tablets, $Cefzil^{(R)}$ tablet 250 mg (BMS Pharmaceutical Korea., Ltd.) and Procezil tablet 250 mg (Hanmi Pharm. Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The in vitro release of cefprozil from the two cefprozil formulations were tested using KP VIII Apparatus I method with water dissolution media. Thirty five healthy male subjects, $24.00{\pm}1.53$ years in age and $69.77{\pm}9.99$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After four tablets containing 1000 mg as cefprozil were orally administered, blood samples were taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cefprozil in serum were determined using HPLC/UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two formulations were similar in water tested dissolution media. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ on the basis of total-cefprozil were calculated, and computer program (K-BE Test 2002) was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. The results showed that the differences between two formulations based on the reference drug, $Cefzil^{(R)}$ tablets, were -0.81%, -3.00% and -6.83% for $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., log 0.9515~log 1.0454 and log 0.9613~log 1.0465 for $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, the criteria of the KFDA bioequivalence guideline were satisfied, indicating Procezil tablet was bioequivalent to $Cefzil^{(R)}$ tablet.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.290-294
• /
• 2012

Vibrio spp. and Streptococcus spp. have caused a considerable disease of farmed fish and economic loss in fish farming and seafood industry. In this study, the efficacy of an aquatic disinfectant tablet composed to calcium hypochlorite was evaluated against V. anguillarum and S. iniae. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to test bacteria for 30 min at $4^{\circ}C$. An aquatic disinfectant tablet and test bacteria were diluted with distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treatment condition. V. anguillarum on the DW, HW and OM condition was completely inactivated with 16,000 15,000 and 13,000 fold dilutions of the disinfectant, respectively. On the DW, HW and OM condition, S. iniae was absolutely inactivated with 17,000 16,000 and 14,000 fold dilutions of the disinfectant, respectively. As an aquatic disinfectant tablet possesses bactericidal efficacy against fish pathogenic bacteria such as V. anguillarum and S. iniae this disinfectant solution can be used to control the spread of fish infective bacterial diseases.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2016

Purpose: This study aims to develop Tablet PC-based multimedia educational contents on the procedures from surgery preparation to recovery for hospitalized patients who are going to undergo thoracic surgery and their families. Methods: The educational contents were created based on literature review and a survey of needs in patients and their families who were admitted to a hospital in Seoul from Dec. 2013 to May 2014. The contents were developed in conjunction with a film production company. The educational materials including texts, images, sounds, and videos were developed appling the ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) model. Results: Two multimedia educational contents were developed for the patients with coronary artery bypass graft or lung surgery. Each content consisted of six subdivisions of self-learning for 20 minutes. The developed educational contents were completed after testing content validity by 30 medical experts. Conclusion: This study recommends that the Tablet PC-based educational contents for thoracic and cardiovascular patients and their families be used in general wards and intensive care units to relieve their anxiety before surgery and reduce postoperative complications.