• 제목/요약/키워드: TV Advertisement

검색결과 178건 처리시간 0.029초

Suggestion on Chinese Clothing Market Launching : Focused on Foreign Students's Clothing Buying Behavior in Korea

  • Koo, In-Sook;Liu, Dashuang
    • 패션비즈니스
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.1-22
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    • 2011
  • This paper is a study on the information required for developing Korean clothing products intended for Chinese students in Korea and for opening markets of Korean clothing and brands in China. It analyses the buying behaviors, purchasing ability, the favourite apparel type for clothing, and satisfaction with Korean clothing and brands of Chinese students in Korea, with which it seeks a program for South Korea branding to enter into the Chinese clothing market. Three hundred fifty seven students of Hannam University and PaiChai University Chung nam National University in Daejeon-city took part in this study. This paper adopts Descriptive Analysis, Crossing Analysis, Bivariate Correlations, and One-way ANOVA in SPSS 17.0 with Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons to know about the impact of demographic variables of Chinese students in Korea on buying information sources, the criteria for store selection, buying capacity, praise degree on various properties of Korean clothes products and their satisfaction with Korean clothes products. The first proposal of expanding China market for Korean merchants is to achieve maximum sales based on sales promotion strategies, such as the credit card corporations, the store display and sales person service development, SPA, design size development, and to upgrade consumption values. The second proposal is Korean clothes corporations should open the Internet shopping corresponding to the physical stores, the most frequently used information source of Chinese students is the network, from the age distribution of Internet users in 2008 in China, population above 10 and below 30 accounts for 66.7% of all users, In recommending clothes made in Korea to Chinese young people, on-line advertising will get better effects than other strategies, specially during advertisement, they should take good use of Korean television shows and variety shows or help Chinese poor areas to do the social contribution hereby to improve the public image of Korean clothes corporations, which can bring good sale promotion effects as well.

텍스트 마이닝을 활용한 ASMR 콘텐츠 분야에 따른 소비자 인식 및 구전효과 차이점 분석: ASMR 제품리뷰 및 ASMR How-to 콘텐츠 중심으로 (The User Perception in ASMR Marketing Content through Social Media Text-Mining: ASMR Product Review Content vs ASMR How-to Content)

  • ;최재원
    • 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.1-20
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    • 2021
  • Purpose Nowadays, Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is rapidly growing in popularity and increasingly appearing in marketing. Not even in TV commercial advertisement, ASMR also fast growing in one-person media communication, many brands and social media influencers used ASMR for their marketing contents. The purpose of this study is to measure consumers' perceptions about the products in ASMR marketing content and compare the differences in communication effect of ASMR content creator between product review and how-to in the same Macro tier influencer - the YouTuber that has 10,000-100,000 subscribers. Design/methodology/approach The research methods selected ASMRtist that do product review content and how-to content, Text comments data was collected from 200 videos of tech-device review videos and beauty-fashion videos. A total of 52,833 text comments were analyzed by applying the LDA topic modeling algorithm and social network analysis. Findings Through the result, we can know that ASMR is good at taking attention of viewers with ASMR triggers. In the Tech device reviews field, ASMR viewers also focus on the product like product's performance and purchase. However, there are many topics related to reaction of ASMR sound, trigger, relaxation. In the Beauty-fashion field, viewers' topics mainly focus on the reaction of the ASMR trigger, response to ASMRtist and other topics are talking about makeup - fashion, product, purchase. From LDA result, many ASMR viewers comment that they feel more comfortable when watching the marketing content that uses ASMR. This result has shown that ASMR marketing contents have a good performance in terms of user watching experience, so applying ASMR can take more consumer intention. And the result of social network analysis showed that product review ASMRtist have a higher communication effectiveness than how-to ASMRtist in the same tier. As an influencer marketing strategy, this study provides information to establish an efficient advertising strategy by using influencers that create ASMR content.

오운선수작위엄고대언인영득금패(奥运选手作为广告代言人赢得金牌), 비새중화비새후적고표개격상양(比赛中和比赛后的股票价格上扬) (Olympic Advertisers Win Gold, Experience Stock Price Gains During and After the Games)

  • Tomovick, Chuck;Yelkur, Rama
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.80-88
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    • 2010
  • 相当多的调查目的是为了证明股东资产值和一些市场战略之间的关系. 之前的研究包括关于股票价格表现和广告之间的关系, 顾客服务学, 新产品介绍, 研究与开发, 名人转让, 品牌感知, 品牌价值评估, 公司名称变化, 以及运动相关的赞助者地位. 另一个据调查可以对股东资产值产生影响的因素是内含特殊体育事件的电视广告, 例如超级杯. 调查指出以超级杯为题材做了广告的公司股票价值都有所提升. 报告给出广告投资和股东价值提升之间的关系, 作为既普通又特殊的事件, 令人吃惊的是调查关注的奥林匹克运动会的相关广告投资以及之后的效果对股东价值的影响效果较小. 然而调查结果显示奥林匹克运动会的主办地却备受关注, 另外所受关注的是赛事的电视广播进行期间广告的财政稳固. 著名的包括Peters (2008), Pfanner (2008), Saini (2008), and KellerFay Group (2009). 这篇论文提出了有关在2000, 2004以及2008年夏季奥林匹克运动会期间在美国国家广播中进行过电视广告宣传的客户的研究.以下为所验证的五个假设: 假设一: 2008, 2004和2000年在美国电视广播中播放奥运广告的公司股票价格在同期比斯坦普500股票价格指数表现要好. 假设二: 奥运相关股票价格比斯坦普500股票价格指数在整个广告播放期间都表现的更好, 播放期间是指从奥运开始前的周一到当年年底. 假设三: 奥运相关股票价格比斯坦普500股票价格指数长期都表现的更好, 长期是指从奥运开始前的周一第二年的年中. 假设四: 在没有奥运会的期间, 奥运相关股票价格和斯坦普500股票价格指数间没有明显差异. 假设五: 在美国电视广播中播放奥运广告的公司的当年年报比其他非奥运年份要好. 本研究记录在过去三届奥运会期间做广告公司的股票价格(北京奥运, 雅典好运, 悉尼奥运). 我们通过Google和电视网络(例如NBC)来确定这些广告. NBC在过去的三届奥运会获得了在美国转播权. 我们使用互联网来确定这些做过广告的品牌的母公司. 股票价格是通过使用Yahoo财经频道来获得的. 本文所使用的所有的信息都是被公开的信息. 总共有117个奥运广告在2008, 2004和2000年在美国播放. 细节可以从图例1中获得. 结果表明这些奥运相关股票在奥运期间以及奥运前期比斯坦普500股票价格指数表现要好. 相同的结果也可以在奥运开始以后到当年年底, 以及之后半年的记录中获得. 价格压力, 信号理论, 高收视率, 以及企业的刺激战略都对这一个结果有着贡献. 论文最后为广告商和研究者提出了建议并对以后的研究提出了方向.

미술교육에 있어서 시각적 미디어를 통한 조형교육에 관한 연구 (Visual Media Education in Visual Arts Education)

  • 박지숙
    • 조형예술학연구
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    • 제7권
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    • pp.64-104
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    • 2005
  • Visual media transmits image and information reproduced in large quantities, such as a photography, film, television, video, advertisement, or computer image. Correspondence to the students' reception and recognition of culture in the future. arrangements for the field of studies of visual culture. 'Visual Culture' implies cultural phenomena of visual images via visual media, which includes not only the categories of traditional arts like a painting, sculpture, print, or design, but the performance arts including a fashion show or parade of carnival, and the mass and electronic media like a photography, film, television, video, advertisement, cartoon, animation, or computer image. In the world of visual media, Image' functions as an essential medium of communication. Therefore, people call the culture of today fra of Image Culture', which has been converted from an alphabet convergence era to an image convergence one. Image, via visual media, has become a dominant means for communication in large part of human life, so we can designate an Image' as a typical aspect of visual culture today. Image, as an essential medium of communication, plays an important role in contemporary society. The one way is the conversion of analogue image like an actual picture, photograph, or film into digital one through the digitalization of digital camera or scanner as 'an analogue/digital commutator'. The other is a way of process with a computer drawing, or modeling of objects. It is appropriate to the production of pictorial and surreal images. Digital images, produced by the other, can be divided into the form of Pixel' and form of Vector'. Vector is a line linking the point of departure to the point of end, which organizes informations. Computer stores each line's standard location and correlative locations to one another Digital image shows for more 'Perfectness' than any other visual media. Digital image has been evolving in the diverse aspects, such as a production of geometrical or organic image compositing, interactive art, multimedia art, or web art, which has been applied a computer as an extended trot of painting. Someone often interprets digitalized copy with endless reproduction of original even as an extension of a print. Visual af is no longer a simple activity of representation by a painter or sculptor, but now is intimately associated with a matter of application of media. There is some problem in images via visual media. First, the image via media doesn't reflect a reality as it is, but reflects an artificial manipulated world, that is, a virtual reality. Second, the introduction of digital effect and the development of image processing technology have enhanced a spectacle of destructive and violent scenes. Third, a child intends to recognize the interactive images of computer game and virtual reality as a reality, or truth. Education needs not only to point out an ill effect of mass media and prevent the younger generation from being damaged by it, but also to offer a knowledge and know-how to cope actively with social, cultural circumstances. Visual media education is one of these essential methods for the contemporary and future human being in the overflowing of image informations. The fosterage of 'Visual Literacy' can be considered as a very purpose of visual media education. This is a way to lead an individual to the discerning, active consumer and producer of visual media in life as far as possible. The elements of 'Visual Literacy' can be divided into a faculty of recognition related to the visual media, a faculty of critical reception, a faculty of appropriate application, a faculty of active work and a faculty of creative modeling, which are promoted at the same time by the education of 'visual literacy'. In conclusion, the education of 'Visual Literacy' guides students to comprehend and discriminate the visual image media carefully, or receive them critically, apply them properly, or produce them creatively and voluntarily. Moreover, it leads to an artistic activity by means of new media. This education can be approached and enhanced by the connection and integration with real life. Visual arts and education of them play an important role in the digital era depended on visual communications via image information. Visual me야a of day functions as an essential element both in daily life and in arts. Students can soundly understand visual phenomena of today by means of visual media, and apply it as an expression tool of life culture as well. A new recognition and valuation visual image and media education is required to cultivate the capability of active, upright dealing with the changes of history of civilization. 1) Visual media education helps to cultivate a sensibility for images, which reacts to and deals with the circumstances. 2) It helps students to comprehend the contemporary arts and culture via new media. 3) It supplies a chance of students' experiencing a visual modeling by means of new media. 4) There are educational opportunities of images with temporality and spaciality, and therefore a discerning person becomes to increase. 5) The modeling activity via new media leads students to be continuously interested in the school and production of plastic arts. 6) It raises the ability of visual communications dealing with image information society. 7) An education of digital image is significant in respect of cultivation of man of talent for the future society of image information as well. To correspond to the changing and developing social, cultural circumstances, and the form and recognition of students' reception of them, visual arts education must arrange the field of studying on a new visual culture. Besides, a program needs to be developed, which is in more systematic and active level in relation to visual media education. Educational contents should be extended to the media for visual images, that is, photography, film, television, video, computer graphic, animation, music video, computer game and multimedia. Every media must be separately approached, because they maintain the modes and peculiarities of their own according to the conveyance form of message. The concrete and systematic method of teaching and the quality of education must be researched and developed, centering around the development of a course of study. Teacher's foundational capability of teaching should be cultivated for the visual media education. In this case, it must be paid attention to the fact that a technological level of media is considered as a secondary. Because school education doesn't intend to train expert and skillful producers, but intends to lay stress on the essential aesthetic one with visual media under the social and cultural context, in respect of a consumer including a man of culture.

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3D Game 제작을 위한 Character Design에 관한 연구 (3D와 2D Graphics의 결합효율성에 관하여) (A Study on 3D Character Design for Games (About Improvement efficiency with 2D Graphics))

  • 조동민;정성환
    • 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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    • 제10권10호
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    • pp.1310-1318
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    • 2007
  • 최근 매스컴이나 공영방송에서 예쁜 여자, 멋있는 남자들만이 대우를 받는다는 것이 사회 문제로 대두되어 TV프로의 주제로 다루어진 적이 있습니다. 분명 이러한 편향된 사고방식이 올바르지는 않지만 상대적으로 현대 사회를 살아가는 많은 사람들이 외적 이미지 즉, 1차 적인 시각적 이미지와 효과를 중시하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있습니다. 컴퓨터 영상 게임 역시 유행과 소비자 기호가 빠르게 변화하고 있으며 캐릭터 디자인 역시 빠른 변화를 거듭하고 있습니다. 이러한 급변하는 환경 속에서 디자이너가 창조적이고 효율적인 게임 캐릭터 디자인 개발을 하기 위해서는 이를 뒷받침해줄 수 있는 새로운 프로세스의 개발이 필요합니다. 또한 유저(User)에게 최초의 구매 욕구를 자극하는 첫 번째 수단은 바로 영상 그래픽디자인의 질입니다. 바로 강력한 시각적 효과로써 그래픽의 화면이 더욱 부드럽게, 보다 더 화려한 리얼리티의 실현을 유저(User)들은 바라고 있으며 또한 컴퓨터게임 그래픽 역시 이러한 방향으로 발전해 가고 있습니다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 과정을 3d와 2d의 게임그래픽을 적절히 배합하고 효율적으로 사용하여 디자이너가 3D 캐릭터를 개발하는데 있어서 능력의 한계를 극복하고 최대의 효과를 낼 수 있도록 하는데 그 목적을 두었습니다.

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입체영상 제작에서 색 보정 결과가 입체감 인지에 미치는 영향 연구 (Study of perception of the visual depth caused by the color correction)

  • 한명희;김치용
    • 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.177-184
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    • 2010
  • 오늘날의 디지털영상 제작기술의 발전과 더불어 3D 이미징 기술은 첨단 TV와 컴퓨터에 응용되고 있으며 3D 입체 영상 제작 기술에 대한 연구, 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 2009년 개봉한 제임스캐머런(James Cameron)감독의 3D입체영화 '아바타' 흥행 이후 3D 입체영상에 대한 관심이 대두 되고 있는 상황에서 본 연구는 최근 대두되고 있는 입체영상제작에 있어서 후반제작 공정상 색 보정이 입체의 깊이감에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. 기존 영상제작 후반작업에서의 색 보정과정을 3D입체영상 제작과정에 적용하여, 입체감 변화에 대한 데이터를 측정하고 이를 통하여 3D 입체영상 제작에 있어서 효과적인 영상처리프로세스에 대한 정보를 제공하는 것이 연구의 목적이다. 입체영상에서 색과 명암대비가 입체의 깊이감을 인지하는데 영향을 줄 수 있다는 가정을 전제로 색 보정 실험을 하였다. 입체감, 공간감, 깊이감의 변화에 대한 피 실험자 반응을 종합하여 입체감이 상승하는 결과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 본 실험을 통하여 도출된 결과를 적용하여 15분 분량의 입체홍보영화를 제작 하였으며, 후반제작과 정상에서 색 보정 작업 결과가 입체를 인지하는 깊이감에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인됐다. 본 연구의 실험은 평행리그와 직교리그를 통하여 촬영된 좌측영상과 우측영상의 영상이미지를 실험 데이터로 사용하였으며 편집과정에서 컨버전스와 입체감을 수정한 후에 후반제작에서 색 보정 작업을 통하여 명암대비를 높였다. 그 결과 영상의 공간감과 깊이감, 그리고 돌출감이 증가한 영상을 제작 할 수 있었다.

대학생의 약물 사용 실태.지식 및 태도(서울 및 경기 북부지역) (The Survey on the Drug use status, Knowledge and Attitude of College Students (Seoul and Northern Part of the Kyunggi-do))

  • 한경순;문선영;박현옥;박은희
    • 한국간호교육학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.376-389
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    • 2000
  • The Purpose of this study was to grasp the status of drug uses in college students, and to investigate the knowledge and attitude when they use it. We collected through questionnaires from Sep. 1 to Oct. 30 in 1999. The subjects were 490 college students in Seoul and northern of the Kyunggi-do. The data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 7.0) and ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows. 1. There was no correlation for all factors in the relationship between general characteristics of subjects and knowledge for drugs. On the contrary, in the relation of the general characteristics and attitude for drug of subjects, some factors are statistically significant e.g., department (F=3.049, p<.010), satisfaction for school life (F=6.167,p<.002), body shape(F=8.092, p<.000), and the relationship with ones parents (F=3.728, p<.005). 2. In the analysis of drug use status and knowledge, only in the factor of administration control was statistically significant(F=4.304, p<.014) and in the relation of attitude for drug uses, drug administration was statistically significant (F=4.521, p<.004). 3. In the mean scores for the drug knowledge analysis, the highest factor was 'A narcotic make deformed persons through poisoning of physical and mental' (M=4.14), the lowest factor was 'If catch the flu during the pregnancy, should be take drug as possible as quickly to reduce negative effect for fetal' (M=1.94). 4. In the analysis for drug attitude, the highest factor was 'A drug is alike a poison' (M=3.48), 'Should be keep the usage and dosage of drug' was the lowest (M=1.48). 5. From the investigation for status of drug use, it was revealed that the most subjects (73.6%) were purchase drugs after explain their symptoms to pharmacist. And they take drugs only when they felt painful in 43.1%. The most students (70.4%) were experienced control of drug administration. It was inquired that subjects were mainly obtained information about drugs from pharmacist and television (or radio) advertisement, 33.5% and 33.1%, respectively. In the examination for existence of long-term administrators in their family, 'none' and 'only parents' are 49.6% and 37.3%, respectively. When their parents have illness, the persons go to drugstore and hospital for heath-care, 47.8% and 44.3%, respectively. On the basis of results of this study, we suggest as follows. 1. This study was analyzed data from questionnaires for college students in a part of local areas, so we suggest that the next research should be perform for national-wide students as subjects to generalize the results. 2. It is need more intensive research methodologies such as interview and observation. 3. Additional research is required for knowledge and behaviors of drug uses that will how impact on ones health behavior.

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암환자들의 식행동과 건강식품 섭취실태에 관한 연구 (Dietary Behaviors and Consumption of Health Food among the Cancer Patients)

  • 김용신;김상연;정경아;권순형;장유경;박미현;황성주
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제15권5
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    • pp.516-523
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    • 2005
  • This study was performed to investigate dietary behaviors and consumption of health food in cancer patients. The subjects were 163 cancer patients recruited from the general hospital in Seoul, Korea. The data were obtained by the structured self administered questionnaire. The mean age of subjects was 51 years. Most of subjects didn't eat the visual fat of meat and chicken skin. The mealtime of the subjects was generally regular and most of subjects had breakfast. The subjects of this survey liked to eat foods with sweet taste but disliked to eat hot, salty and sour taste ones. The preference for fish, marine products and vegetables was high but that for instant foods and frying foods was very low. Most of subjects consumed the foods that is generally known as anticancer foods such as vegetables and fruits. On the other hand, most of subjects didn't intake butter, margarine, and frying foods that is known as risk factors of cancer. The majority of subjects$(84.7\%)$ consumed the health food The main reasons for taking health foods by subjects were to cure disease$(58.0\%)$, to prevent disease$(45.3\%)$, to supply nutrients$(39.3\%)$, to maintain the mental state$(12.7\%)$ and to recover fatigue$(10.7\%)$. Majority of subjects$(66.0\%)$ spent money more than 200,000 won/month to buy health foods. The purchasing channels of health foods by subjects were recommendation by family or friend$(64.0\%)$, by physician/pharmacist$(18.0\%)$ and by nutritionist or dietician(6.0), and advertisement through TV or radio$(12.0\%)$. The types of taking health foods of the subjects were vegetable extracted food$(60.0\%)$, mushrooms$(51.3\%)$, Lactobacillus food$(25.3\%)$, enzyme food$(22.6\%)$ calcium containing food$(20.0\%)$ and so on. The results of the current study show that although many cancer patients already practice healthy dietary behaviors, there is a substantial proportion who do not and most of cancer patients consume health foods.' Further intervention is needed to explore the effect of health foods in cancer patients

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경기북부지역 대학생의 건강기능식품 인식 및 섭취 실태 조사 (Recognition and Consumption for the Health Functional Food of College Students in the Northern Gyeonggi-do Area)

  • 김영순;최병범
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.206-217
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to assess the recognition and consumption of health functional food (HFF) of the college students in the Northern Gyeonggi-do area (Republic of Korea). To accomplish this, a survey was conducted to investigate 360 college students (183 males and 177 females) regarding their general characteristics, as well as the recognition, knowledge, considerations, purchases and consumption of HFF. Most male and female students (68.9% and 61.6%, respectively) were unaware of the HFF certification mark, however, more females(58.8%) were aware of the legal HFF definition compared to males (36.6%). The HFF advertising routes for males and females were 'TV radio' (43.2% and 43.5%, respectively) and 'internet smart phones' (19.7% and 27.1%, respectively). The main factor considered for selection and the most serious problem concerning HFF by males and females were 'effectiveness' (36.1% and 43.6%, respectively) and 'hype (exaggerated advertisement)' (35.0% and 55.9%, respectively). The main purchase route by males and females was 'pharmacy' (35.2% and 27.8%, respectively). The main reason for HFF product purchase by males and females was 'health promotion' (38.8% and 29.4%, respectively) and the main reason for not purchasing an HFF product was 'no health problem'(34.8% and 36.7%, respectively). The percentage of HFF consumption was 46.0% in males and 69.8% in females. The main HFF product consumed by males and females was 'vitamin mineral' (36.9% and 43.5%, respectively). The main reason for HFF consumption by males was 'health promotion' (31.0%) and females was 'recovery from fatigue' (21.8%). The main reason for not consuming HFF by males and females was 'no health problem' (38.4% and 41.5%, respectively). These results suggest the need to provide correct information concerning HFF to college students. Based on these results, greater efforts should be made to provide meaningful information regarding factors affecting purchase and consumption patterns for college students related to the research and development of HFF in the Northern Gyeonggi-do area.

일부 대학생들의 흡연실태 및 지식도 (The Realities of Smoking among Some College Students and Their Relevant Knowledge)

  • 김진;임선아
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.283-294
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the state of smoking among some college students, the smoking motivation of smoker students, what made them quit smoking and how they got ready for giving up smoking, as smoking had a huge impact on national health and there was a desperate necessity for preventive antismoking education programs to let students keep away from smoking. After a survey was conducted with self-administered questionnaires from October 1 through November 1, 2006, the responses from 400 students were gathered, and 384 answer sheets were analyzed except 16 incomplete ones. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. By gender, 62.4% of the male students and 28.6% of the female students were smokers, and the state of smoking was statistically significantly different according to their gender(p<0.05). 2. The largest number of the male students, which accounted 44.1%, started smoking in their high school days, and 39.5% of the females did that in middle school. As for a daily mean amount of smoking, 41.8% of the male students, the greatest percentage, smoked 10 to 19 cigarettes a day, and one to nine cigarettes were most common among the females, which represented 57.9 %. But the gap between the two was insignificant(p>0.05). As many as 83.6% of the males and 86.8% of the females had ever attempted to quit it. 3. Concerning awareness of antismoking policies, they felt that a raise in cigarette price would lead to less smoking, and that antismoking advertisement or posters through television or newspaper would deliver the same results as well. There was a statistically significant difference among their awareness(p<0.05). 4. Regarding preparation stage for quitting smoking, 31.3% of the male smokers had no intention to give it up, and 23.2% considered it. 36.7%, the largest percentage, got ready to refrain from it. Among the female smokers, 34.2% had no plans to abstain from smoking, and 36.8% took it into consideration. 23.7% got ready to do that. The females who got ready for that were outnumbered the males who did. 5. As to connections between the state of smoking and relevant knowledge, the students didn't have a good knowledge on that, and a statistically significant difference existed between the smokers and nonsmokers in smoking knowledge. 6. As for knowledge about oral diseases, they were highly cognizant of the relationship of smoking to tooth discoloration, nicotine stomatitis and bad breath, but they didn't know well about its relationship to delayed recovery from dental treatment, implant failure and ozena. Their smoking condition made a statistically significant difference to their knowledge(p<0.05). In the future, sustained research efforts should be channeled into determining how much smoking affects health and concerns oral diseases, and antismoking counseling programs should be prepared to bolster people's awareness of oral health.

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