• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 2011

Purpose: Ingestion of puffer fish can be poisonous due to the presence of potent neurotoxins such as tetrodotoxin (TTX) found in its tissues. There are few clinical reports related to TTX. We performed this study to evaluate the clinical characteristics of TTX poisoning. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of the 41 patients diagnosed with TTX poisoning who visited the Seoul Asan medical center from July 2004 and December 2010. A review of patients' electronic medical records and patient telephone interviews were conducted. Diagnosis of TTX poisoning was confirmed by observing the casual link between puffer fish consumption and the development of typical TTX intoxication symptoms. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 46.6 years. The highest incidence of intoxication was observed in patients in their 50s (10 patients). Seasonal distribution of intoxication events included 10 in spring, 7 in summer, 10 in fall, and 14 in winter. In most cases, symptoms occurred within 1 hour of ingestion. A wide range of symptoms were associated with puffer fish ingestion affecting multiple body systems including neuromuscular (27 patients), gastrointestinal (19 patients), and cardiopulmonary/vascular (19 patients). All patients were treated with symptomatic and supportive therapy and recovered completely, without sequelae, within 48 hours. In three cases, ventilator support was required. Conclusion: TTX poisoning is not seasonally related, and patients admitted to the emergency room were observed with a wide range of symptoms. Where TTX poisoning is diagnosed, supportive therapy should be performed. Early intubation and ventilation is important, especially is cases of respiratory failure.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2009.07a
• /
• pp.12_13
• /
• 2009

Recently, TTX(Tilting Train eXpress) has operated test. Electric railways, including the TTX, have electric problems(harmonic etc) that could bring about serious accidents.. Thus, TTX's electrical problems also need leading studies because the new Korean TTX will operate earnestly in 2012. In this paper, electrical signals in TTX operation were detected to analyze electrical harmonic. The electrical harmonics considered operation modes triparted(coasting, acceleration, braking) were analysed and evaluated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.239-242
• /
• 2005

This paper introduced an approach of improvement of performance of Electric device for EMU type Train like as TTX. The electric equipments are characterized by insulation, Noise, cooling system etc. and Their weight arc decided by these factors. There are two kinds of power source in EMU train. First, DC voltage source, 1500 volt, 750 volt is used for subway system. Second, AC power source 25000 volt is applied to high speed train and existing main lines. Composite material has the protection of inrush current and high frequency noise. We can use this material to minimize weight of train. Additionally we can get energy saving when operator service TTX.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.2151-2155
• /
• 2008

The tilting train express (TTX) is able to tilt its body toward to the center of the turning radius on curved railways. TTX can travel at higher speed than the existing normal railway vehicles due to the tilting mechanism decreasing centrifugal force. Also, a new suspension system is required for TTX which has proper stiffness constants and damping ratios because it has different suspension characteristics with the others. Therefore, the suspension systems need to be optimized to maximize dynamic characteristic of the railway vehicle. To optimize the dynamic characteristics of TTX, sensitivity analysis should be onde to identify design variables. In this paper, Design of Experiments(DOE) is used for the sensitivity analysis of TTX.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.164-169
• /
• 2005

The TTX(Tilting Train eXpress) is designed to achieve high driving speed up to 200 km/h and to run on conventional curved rails without speed reduction. In order to maintain power collection between catenary and pantograph collector while train body is tilted, the TTX pantograph must have tilting structure (or Sledge). The power quality is determined by the tilting structure. Static and dynamic characteristics of tilting structure, therefore, are important to evaluate the pantograph performance. The current prototype of the tilting structure is overweight model and its structural characteristics have not been investigated. In this study, the finite element model of TTX tilting structure is established and static analysis is performed. Finally, using this result, a light weight model is proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.05a
• /
• pp.297-300
• /
• 2009

Recently, TTX(Tilting Train eXpress), EMU (Electric Multiple Unit) has operated test. Presently, electric problems(harmonic, voltage variation etc) of TTX are studying briskly. Henceforth, electrical harmonic study of TTX will operate on the rail actually is needed. In this paper, we detected electrical harmonic of operating TTX. In addition to we analyzed and estimated electrical harmonic regarding TTX's coasting, acceleration and braking state.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.194-200
• /
• 2007

The tilting train is able to tilt its body towards the center of the turning radius, preventing roll-over of the train as it runs on a curved rail at high-speed. This train, widely accepted for commercial purpose internationally is very beneficial in that the operating time is shortened without much capital investment to the infrastructure where there are many curved rails. Over several years, the Korea Railroad Research Institute(KRRI) has developed such a train. In this paper, the safety of the Korean tilting train express(TTX) is investigated using a dynamic simulation model. Since, proper safety standards have not been established for the TTX, those for the Korean train express(KTX) is employed instead to analyze the safety and ride comfort of the TTX. This study will prove useful in predicting the behavior of the TTX and ride comfort, and conforming that designed TTX measures up to the safety standards. It would be useful to recommend proper normal operating speed and determine the maximum safety speed, according to the result. Furthermore, it would be possible to provide basic reference data when analyzing the dynamic effect of the catenary system and the fatigue of the bogie.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.10 no.3 s.40
• /
• pp.271-277
• /
• 2007

The Korean Tilting Train eXpress (TTX) development program is in progress for the purpose of running speed or passenger's comfort improvement at the curved track. However, the speed up and light weight of train make poor the dynamic safety of the TTX in strong cross wind. In this paper, 3-dimensional numerical analysis on the flow field around the TTX under strong cross wind is performed for each operating condition, such as the train speed, cross wind speed, tilting/nontilting condition, and so on. Due to the strong cross wind, the pressure distribution around the train becomes asymmetric, especially at the leading car. Asymmetrical pressure distribution causes the side force and strong unstability. The side force on the train is proportional to the train speed and cross wind speed. Based on the numerical results, the overturning coefficients are predicted for investigation of the train stability, and all of them are less than the critical value, 0.9. The results in this study would be a good data for providing importance to judgement of cross wind safety of TTX.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.533-538
• /
• 1995

Ten specimens of the imported pufferfish, fugu flavidus ('Sarnchaebog'), from China were assayed for anatomical distribution of toxicity, Also, a toxic ovary of each specimen was excised, and transferred into Bio-gel P-2 column chromatography for purification of the toxins. The average toxicity of all specimens assayed was calculated to be $4.1\pm 0.5\;in\;liver,\;2.8\pm1.1\;intestine,\;0.8\pm0.5\;skin,\;2.3\pm1.5\;testis\;39.0\pm16.0\;ovary\;and\;7.0\pm2.0 MU/g$ bile, respectively; Ovary was weakly toxic, but others were non-toxic or weakly toxic. Moreover, instrumental analyses including thin layer chromatography(TLC) and electrophoresis disclosed tetrodotoxin (TTX) and anhydro tetrodotoxin (anh-TTX), respectively. The toxins of the ovary gave four peaks in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) whose retention times (14 and 24 min) were close to those of TTX and anh-TTX, respectively.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2009

It was examined whether the common belief that "cultured puffer fishes do not contain tetrodotoxin (TTX)", the major lethal substance that accidently causes death in consumers of those fishes, is true in river puffer fish Takifugu obscurus. In mouse bioassay, lethal levels of toxins were detected in the ranks: gonad>liver>intestine>muscle>skin in wild puffer fish. In contrast, no mortality occurred in the mouse bioassay on cultured fish. However, there were sleepiness, sluggish behavior, and hind limb paralysis with the tissue extracts of cultured fish suggesting the presence of TTX or other similarly acting toxins. An attempt to confirm the presence of TTX in cultured fish with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was not very successful. The results suggest possible existence of TTX toxins or similarly acting toxins.