• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.180-195
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• 2011

1994년 신지도 해양생태계에서 관측된 자료를 이용 Ecopath 영양흐름 모델을 구축하였다. 모델은 생체량과 먹이 조성 자료를 이용하여 우점종의 개체군 역학, 주요 영양흐름의 경로, 생태적 특성을 해석하여 다른 해양 생태계와 비교하였다. 계를 구성하는 그룹은 17개로서 해조류, 식물플랑크톤, 동물플랑크톤, 복족류, 다모류, 이매패류, 극피동물, 갑각류, 두족류, 망둑어, 양태, 홍어, 보구치, 베도라치, 장어, 가자미 및 유기쇄설물을 포함한다. 실험결과 영양단계는 일차생산자와 유기쇄설물로부터 최고 소비자인 가자미 그룹에 이르기까지 1.0~4.0의 범위를 보였다. 계의 총생체량(B)은 0.1 $kgWW/m^2$, 총순일차생산량(PP)과 총통과흐름(TST)은 각기 1.6, 3.4 $kgWW/m^2/yr$이며, TST는 총소비 7%, 총이출 43%, 총호흡(TR) 4%, 총유기쇄설물전환 46%의 합으로 구성된다. PP/TR은 0.012, PP/B는 0.015, 잡식지수는 0.12, 핀순환지수는 0.7%, 평균경로거리는 2.15, 지배용량(A)과 발전용량(C)은 각기 4.1과 8.2 $kgWW/m^2/yr$ bits이며, 상대지배용량(A/C)은 51%를 보였다. 특히 본 연구는 영양상호영향 해석에서 간접적인 경로를 통한 영향을 4가지 형태로 구분하여 기술하였다. 총통과흐름 기운데 총이출이 높은 것은 계가 반폐쇄된 만과 다르게 물질 교환이 크다는 의미이며, 연구해역이 신지도, 조약도, 생일도로 둘러싸인 수로를 통해 강한 조류가 미치는 지역임을 보아 쉽게 알 수 있다. 생태계 이론 및 순환지수 가운데 총생체량, 총통과흐름, PP/TR, 핀순환지수, 평균경로 거리, 잡식지수는 비교적 낮게 산출되었는데, 이는 오덤의 이론에 따라 계가 충분히 성숙하지 못한 근거로 해석되었고, 정보지수인 상대지배용량이 크게 산출된 것은 계가 최대로 발전할 수 있는 용량이 작다는 것으로 해석되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 연구해역은 영양물질의 외부 유출이 커 계가 발전할 수 있는 가능성은 한정되고 현재 발전하고 있는 단계인 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구는 신지도 해양생태계의 영양흐름 구조와 생태계 특성을 해석한 시험연구로서 향후 생태계의 변화를 비교하거나 관리에 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2021

목 적 : 본 연구의 목적은 불면증 환자의 주관적 수면인식과 관련 있는 임상적, 객관적 요인들을 알아보고 임상에서 불면증 환자의 이해와 평가 및 치료에 도움을 주기 위함이다. 방 법 : 109명의 불면증 환자들을 대상으로, 수면다원검사 결과와 자가보고 설문지를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 주관적 수면인식은 아침자가보고 설문지의 주관적 총 수면시간(subjective total sleep time, subjective TST), 입면 잠복시간(subjective sleep onset time; subjective SOL), 각성횟수, 아침 개운함 정도로 측정하였으며, 주관적-객관적 수면차이를 계산하였다. 임상적 특징은 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)를 측정하였다. 변수들 사이의 관련성을 알아보기 위하여 상관분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 109명의 불면증 대상자(남성 = 72명, 나이 43.49 ± 15.32세)를 분석한 결과, 주관적 총 수면시간(subjective TST)은 수면다원검사에서의 입면 후 각성시간(wake after sleep onset, WASO) (p < 0.001), N1 수면(p = 0.039), PSQI (p < 0.001), BDI (p = 0.014)와 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 수면차이는 PSQI (p = 0.018)와 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 아침 개운함 정도는 PSQI (p = 0.019), BDI (p < 0.001)와 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 결 론 : 불면증 환자에서 주관적 수면인식은 수면다원검사의 입면 후 각성시간(WASO), N1 수면과 관련성이 있었으며, 우울감과 평소 수면의 질과 관련성이 있었다. 불면증 환자에서 다양한 객관적 수면변수, 평소 수면의 질 및 우울감이 주관적 수면인식에 영향을 미치므로, 이를 고려하여 환자를 평가 및 치료해야 하겠다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제68권5호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2010

Background: $QuantiFERON^{(R)}$-TB Gold In Tube (QFT-G IT) has been used for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis (TB) since 2007. However, there has not been enough data on QFT-G IT for universal use in children. In this study, we evaluated the clinical usefulness of the QFT-G IT in pediatric practice. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 70 patients younger than 18 years of age who had taken QFT-G IT and had a tuberculin skin test (TST) between July 2007 and July 2009 at Wonju Christian Hospital. The subjects were divided into two groups, asymptomatic TB exposure group and disease group. Four patients who were taking immunosuppressants during the study period were excluded. Results: A total of 66 immunocompetent children were included in this study. Among 27 asymptomatic children who had contact histories of TB, 6 (22.2%) were found to be positive by QFT-G IT. Eleven (40.7%) and 5 (18.5%) children were found to be positive by TST with cutoff values of ${\geq}5mm$ and ${\geq}10mm$, respectively. Agreement was fair to good between QFT-G IT and TST (${\kappa}=0.59$: cutoff value ${\geq}5mm$, ${\kappa}=0.7$: cutoff value ${\geq}10mm$). In disease group, 14 patients (35.9%) were diagnosed with active tuberculosis, 8/14 (57.1%) were positive on TST and 9/14 (64.3%) on QFT-G IT. The positive rate of acid-fast bacilli smear, TB-polymerase chain reaction, and culture for tuberculosis was 11% (1/9), 27.3% (3/11) and 33.3% (3/9), respectively. Conclusion: Our data support that the QFT-G IT can be used as an additional diagnostic tool for latent and active tuberculosis infection in children.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2020

본 연구는 요가, 필라테스, 코어운동 등 체간 안정성 운동프로그램 적용 전후의 만성 요통 환자의 기능적 움직임, 동적 균형능력 및 체간 안정성의 변화를 확인하고, 3가지 체간 안정성 운동의 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 만성 요통을 가진 성인 43명을 요가 집단 (n=15)과 필라테스 집단 (n=15) 및 코어 운동 집단 (n=13)으로 분류하였고, Functional Movement Screen (FMS)와 Lower Quater Y-Balance Test (YBT-LQ) 및 Trunk Stability Test (TST)를 통해 기능적 움직임, 동적 균형능력 및 체간 안정성을 각각 측정하였다. 이후 8주간 운동을 적용한 후 모든 변인을 재측정하였으며, 운동 적용 전후 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 세 집단 모두 운동 적용 후 FMS, YBT-LQ 및 TST의 측정값이 적용 전보다 유의하게 증가하였으나, 각 운동 적용에 따른 집단 간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이런 결과는 요가, 필라테스 및 코어 운동이 만성 요통 환자의 기능적 움직임, 동적 균형능력 및 체간 안정성을 개선하는 데 도움이 된다는 것을 보여주었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.670-681
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress is caused by reactive oxygen species and free radicals that accelerate inflammatory responses and exacerbate fatigue. Tormentic acid (TA) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the aim of present study is to determine the fatigue-regulatory effects of TA in H₂O₂-stimulated myoblast cell line, C2C12 cells and treadmill stress test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) animal models. MATERIALS/METHODS: In the in vitro study, C2C12 cells were pretreated with TA before stimulation with H₂O₂. Then, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) activity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glycogen, and cell viability were analyzed. In the in vivo study, the ICR male mice were administered TA or distilled water orally daily for 28 days. FST and TST were then performed on the last day. In addition, biochemical analysis of the serum, muscle, and liver was performed. RESULTS: TA dose-dependently alleviated the levels of MDA, LDH, CK activity, TNF-α, and IL-6 in H₂O₂-stimulated C2C12 cells without affecting the cytotoxicity. TA increased the SOD and CAT activities and the glycogen levels in H₂O₂-stimulated C2C12 cells. In TST and FST animal models, TA decreased the FST immobility time significantly while increasing the TST exhaustion time without weight fluctuations. The in vivo studies showed that the levels of SOD, CAT, citrate synthase, glycogen, and free fatty acid were increased by TA administration, whereas TA significantly reduced the levels of glucose, MDA, LDH, lactate, CK, inflammatory cytokines, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and cortisol compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: TA improves fatigue by modulating oxidative stress and energy metabolism in C2C12 cells and animal models. Therefore, we suggest that TA can be a powerful substance in healthy functional foods and therapeutics to improve fatigue.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2000

1) 성기능장애 빈도는 정신분열병 환자군이 80%로 대조군 42%에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001). 성반응 주기에 따른 장애유형은 성적욕망장애 76%, 발기장애 75%, 발기유지장애 75%, 성적극치감의 질적감소 61%, 지루 50%, 사정시 정액량의 감소 44% 순서로 많았다. 성적극치감 횟수의 감소는 32%로 다른 장애유형에 비해 적었으며, 조루를 호소하는 경우도 15%나 되었다. 2) PRL 및 5-HT 측정치는 환자군에서 $28.5{\pm}20.6ng/ml$, $298.5{\pm}89.1ng/ml$으로서 대조군 $10{\pm}5.6ng/ml$, $169.2{\pm}37.8ng/ml$보다 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001). TST 측정치는 환자군이 $4.3{\pm}1.5ng/ml$, 대조군이 $4.5{\pm}1.2ng/ml$로 양군 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3) 성기능장애를 증가시키는 변인은 결혼(미혼), 초발연령, 이병기간, 입원기간, 총약물투여기간 그리고 5-HT 측정치이었다. 특히 5-HT 비정상치군이 정상치군보다 성기능장애가 유의하게 높았다. 그러나 연령, 교육연한, 종교, 경제상태, PRL 및 TST 측정치, 항정신병약물용량, 약물역가, benztropine, ACSE, CGI, BPRS, PANSS, PANSS-CF, MMSE-K 점수와 성기능장애와는 무관하였다. 성기능장애는 정신분열병군에서 높았고, 성기능장애 유형별로는 성적욕망장애와 발기장애가 많았다. 미혼이거나, 초발연령이 높을수록, 질병에 이환된 기간이 길수록, 5-HT 농도가 높을수록 성기능장애가 증가하였다. 비록 혈중 5-HT 농도가 뇌 5-HT 활성을 어느정도 반영하는지는 알 수 없으나, 정신분열병 환자의 일차 병인인 과도한 5-HT 활성으로 인한 직접적인 성기능 억제효과 때문에 장애가 초래한다고 생각된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.365-369
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• 2014

Cedrus deodara (Pinaceae) has been used traditionally in Ayurveda for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. 3,4-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)furan-2,5-dione (BDFD) was isolated from heart wood of Cedrus deodara and was shown to have antiepileptic and anxiolytic activity. Thus, the present study was aimed to explore its anti-depressant effect and to correlate the effect with serotonin and nor adrenaline levels of brain. Albino mice were used as experimental animal. Animals were divided in to three groups; vehicle control, imipramine (30 mg/kg i.p.), BDFD (100 mg/kg i.p.). Tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) was performed to evaluate antidepressant effect of BDFD. BDFD (100 mg/kg, i.p.) showed a significant decrease in immobility time when subjected to FST whereas immobility time was not significantly altered in TST. BDFD treatment increased serotonin and noradrenaline levels in the brain which is indicative of BDFD having possible atypical antidepressant action.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify sleep patterns, alertness, and fatigue of shift nurses according to circadian types. Methods: The researchers' enrolled 17 nurses doing shift work in a tertiary hospital. To evaluate circadian types, a morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) was administered. Sleep patterns were examined using an actigraph for 14 days. To assess alertness and fatigue, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test with a SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The researchers found that 17.6% of participants reported morning type, 47.1% neither type, and 35.3% evening type. Mean total sleep time (TST) was 6.8 h, mean sleep efficacy was 82%, level of alertness was 6.54, and level of fatigue was 5.49, regardless of the type of shift work. Evening type nurses had higher variation in TST and alertness, according to the shift patterns than other circadian type nurses. Evening type nurses also had higher fatigue levels than other circadian type nurses. Conclusion: Sleep, alertness, and fatigue were related with circadian types. These results suggest that circadian rhythm management in shift work nurses, particularly in evening type nurses is urgently needed to improve sleep patterns, alertness, and to decrease the level of fatigue.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.497-509
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• 2006

Until recently, the tuberculin skin test (TST) has been the only tool available for diagnosing a latent TB infection. However, the development of new diagnostic tools, using the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) antigens, should improve the control of tuberculosis (TB) by allowing a more accurate identification of a latent TB infection (LTBI). Antigen-specific interferon-gamma ($IFN-{\gamma}$) assays have greater specificity in BCG-vaccinated individuals, and as less biased by nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Many comparative studies have suggested that those assays have a higher specificity than the TST, and the sensitivity of these assays are expected to remarkably improved if more MTB-specific antigens can become available. Nevertheless, the major obstacle to the widespread use of these tests is the limited financial resources. Similar to other diagnostic tests, the predictive value of $IFN-{\gamma}$ assays depends on the prevalence of a MTB infection in the population being tested. Therefore, prospective studies will be meeded to establish the applicability of these new assays at multiple geographic locations among patients of different ethnicities, and to determine if the $IFN-{\gamma}$ responses can indicate those with a high risk of progressing to active TB.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2005

Pressure heating rollers with temperature control were mounted to a flat cable laminating machine (FCLM). Pressure heating rollers should be heated up to the setting temperature $(175^{\circ}C)$ and kept on to producing good quality flexible flat cables (FFC). Existing Pressure heating rollers took more than 70minutes to the setting temperature and did not keep on the setting temperature in production. Temperature controller, electric power controller, material and diameter of rollers and heat capacities were changed to improve the temperature control of the pressure heat rollers for better production of the FFC. Thus, the reaching time to the setting temperature (RT), temperature stability time (TST) and temperature hunting (TH) were measured and compared with the existing pressure rollers case. The RT of A roller was shortened by 50minutes, and B roller was shortened by 15minutes. The TST of A roller was shortened by 13minutes, and B roller was shortened by 15minutes. The THs of both A and B rollers were settled up to ${\pm}5^{\circ}C$. Finally, the productivity of the FCLM and the quality of the FFC were increased.