• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.283-295
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• 2017

It is crucial to measure meteorological elements in relation to the biodeterioration of building cultural heritages. The Beopjusa and Seonamsa temples located respectively in Chungbuk and Jeonnam provinces, Korea, exhibit biological damage to the building cultural heritages and cause noticeable climatic differences. To compare biodeterioration environments of the abovementioned temples, 10 meteorological elements were observed, and particulate matter (TSP) was collected at each location. Furthermore, a correlation analysis was conducted between meteorological elements, and between meteorological elements and TSP. The local meteorology at Beopjusa temple characteristically showcased high total horizontal radiation, UV radiation, evaporation, wind speed, and TSP concentration, whereas, that at Seonamsa temple showcased high temperature, humidity, dew point temperature, air pressure, precipitation and number of days with precipitation. An elemental analysis of TSP revealed the presence of sae-salts at Seonamsa temple, and compared to that of Beopjusa temple, the monthly frequencies of biogenic aerosol and Fe-containing particles were higher. The correlation analysis showed that wind speed and humidity were major meteorological factors at Beopjusa and Seonamsa temples, respectively. Subsequently, the characteristics of the local meteorology at Seonamsa temple are expected to affect the biological damage of the building cultural heritages, which is favorable for the growth of various organisms.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.487-497
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• 2000

Spring time is a favorable season to be easily observed the Yellow Sand phenomenon in East Asia. In particular most of the phenomenon tend to occur in April. However, Yellow Sand phenomenon was observed from almost the whole country of Korea in winter of 1966, 1977 and 1999. The features of the synoptic weather pattern in the source regions, air stream flow between the source region and Korea, the measurement of TSP concentration, aerosol size distribution, and chemical composition of snow samples associated with Yellow Sand phenomenon were investigated. The result showed the characteristic evolutionary feature of the synoptic system associated with Yellow Sand phenomena, that is, a strong low level wind mobilized the dust within 2 or 3 days before Yellow Sand phenomenon being observed in Seoul. The wind was remarkably intensified in the source region on January 24, 1999 under the strong pressure gradient, A trajectory analysis showed that the Yellow Sand particle could be reached to Korea within 2 days from the source region, Gobi desert, through Loess plateau and Loess deposition region. The TSP concentration at the top of Kwanak mountain during the Yellow Sand phenomenon is abruptly increasing than the monthly mean concentration. The size resolved number concentration of aerosols ranging from 0.3 to 25${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was analyzed during Yellow Sand episode. It was evident that aerosols were distinguished by particles in the range of 2-3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to result in the abrupt increase in January 1999, After Yellow Sand phenomenon, there was heavy snow in Seoul. By the analysis of snow collected during that time, it was observed that both the Ca(sup)2+ concentration and pH were increased abnormally compared to those in the other winter season.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to measure and evaluate the concentration, size distribution and fugitive emission of particulate matter from process operations at foundries. Methods: Particle matter was collected from three foundries, and samples were also collected from a background site for calculating the fugitive emission concentration of the foundries. For the collection of the samples, a Nanosampler cascade impactor was used. Results: The concentration of TSP in the samples collected from the three foundries was $0.675{\sim}1.222mg/m^3$, $PM_{10}$ was $0.525{\sim}1.018mg/m^3$ and $PM_{2.5}$ was $0.192{\sim}0.615mg/m^3$. The mass size distribution was bimodal or monomodal with maximum peak at two stage(size $2.5{\sim}10{\mu}m$). The mass median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD) was $1.80{\sim}3.98{\mu}m$. The fugitive emission concentration of TSP varies in the range of 0.65 to $1.21mg/m^3$, which exceeds the emission standard of fugitive dust($0.5mg/m^3$). Conclusions: Particle concentration and size is an important industrial hygiene factor to protect foundry workers. Furthermore, the presence of high emission of particulate pollutants has a significant negative impact on the ambient air of the study area. Therefore, it is important to improve both the process and prevention facility in oder to reduce particulate pollutants in foundries.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.71-81
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• 2017

Organic dust generated inside livestock facilities includes toxic organic matters such as bacteria and endotoxin. Dust can cause respiratory disease for worker and livestock, and consequently, degradation of welfare and productivity. Influence of dust on livestock workers has been studied since the 1970s. However, exposure limit for cattle farmer has not been established, unlike exposure limit for pig and poultry farmer. Furthermore, study on air quality inside livestock facility, especially inside dairy farm has been rarely conducted in Korea. In this study, dust concentration of TSP, PM10, inhalable and respirable dust has been monitored in the commercial dairy house according to location and working activities. Bedding material inside the stall was one of the major sources of dust. The amount of dust was related to water content level of the bedding material. Dust concentration was relatively high in leeward location, and the highest concentration was measured during TMR mixing process. The maximum value of inhalable dust concentration was 29.1 times higher than the reference value as fine particles drop to the TMR mixer. Dust generated by TMR mixing was presumed to decrease by adjusting moisture and drop height of feed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.420-431
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• 2010

The water-soluble components have been analyzed from the total suspended particulate (TSP) collected at Gosan site of Jeju Island for ten years (1997~2006), and the long-term variations of ionic constituent concentrations have been investigated in order to understand the pollution characteristics of atmospheric aerosols. Their mean concentrations were in the order of nss-${SO_4}^{2-}$ > $Na^+$ > ${NO_3}^-$ > $Cl^$ > ${NH_4}^+$ > nss-$Ca^{2+}$ > $K^+$ > $Mg^{2+}$. The ${NO_3}^-$ concentrations had increased somewhat smoothly compared to those of ${SO_4}^{2-}$ for the past 10 years, possibly indicating the recent energy consumption pattern changes in China. The concentrations of ionic aerosol components showed mostly higher values during the Asian Dust storm periods, and the concentration ratios of nss-$Ca^{2+}$, ${NO_3}^-$, and nss-${SO_4}^{2-}$ between the Asian Dust and Non-Asian Dust periods were 6.9, 2.4, and 1.3, respectively. The anthropogenic nss-${SO_4}^{2-}$, ${NO_3}^-$, ${NH_4}^+$ and the soil originated nss-$Ca^{2+}$ components showed high concentrations as the air parcels were moved from the Asia continent, on the other hand, their concentrations were relatively low as moving from the Northern Pacific into the Gosan area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.198-204
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of far IR radiation for the elimination of sidestream smoke components in a closed room. The measurements covered particle sizes of 13.8-542.5 nm, particle concentration, TSP, UVPM, FPM, solanesol, and the following gases and vapor components of smoke: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and 3-ethenyl-pyridine. Also, the changes of smoke odor strength by far IR radiation were tested by using the electronic nose system. There was no difference between control and far IR radiation in changes of the concentration of $CO_2$ and CO. The concentrations of TSP, UVPM, FPM, solanesol, nicotine, and 3-ethenylpyridine were reduced by far IR radiation. The growth and diminishing rate of RSP diameter was accelerated by far IR radiation compared with control. There was a little difference of smoke odor change with far IR radiation by electronic nose system analysis. Our results indicated that the use of far IR radiation had a little effect on changes of solid, vapor, and odor of smoke, but it had no effect on gaseous components.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1213-1219
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• 2008

This experimental study was to analyze thermal comfort and indoor air quality(IAQ) with ventilation and humidification in the classroom when system air conditioner was operated. The thermal comfort was estimated by the PMV index and the concentration of $CO_2$ and total suspended particle(TSP) were measured and compared with ventilation and humidification. As a result, the class room temperature distribution was $2{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ low during operating ventilation system and humidification. At 60% RH, PMV values of measuring points were ranged from +0.5 to -0.5 indicating optimal the range of thermal comfort. The average concentration of $CO_2$ gas and TSP were reduced 645 ppm, 0.17 mg/$m^3$ respectively, during operating the ventilation system. From the results, to maintain comfortable environment in the heated classroom, the ventilation and humidification were needed in winter season.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.359-368
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• 1999

The outdoor and indoor air quality surrounding highway have been measured, and the study on the design of the booth shape and the air-conditioning system also has been carried out. For the first step of the work, the air quality at the Seoul tollgate on the Kyeong-bu highway was monitored over a year. The measured indoor air quality shows seasonal average concentration 85.6-92.1ppb of >;$NO_2$and the $SO_2$and CO lower than the EAQS(Environmental Air Quality Standards). The measured TSP concentration was much higher than the EAQS. In conclusion, there is necessity to improve the working environment of the tollbooths on highways, and the current air-conditions need to be modify for the purpose. In the process of modifying the air-conditioning system, particulate pollutants needs to be considered processing and the priority needs to be put on the booths for big vehicles.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1769-1774
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• 2023

Objective: Resting comfort may influence sleep-related lying postures in cattle. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bed cleanliness on tucked (TSP) and extended (ESP) head positions in sleep-related lying postures. Methods: The study was conducted over two experimental periods. In each period, four Japanese Black fattening cattle were assigned to the cleaning treatment (CL), in which bedding material was replaced once during each experimental period. Four cattle were assigned to the control treatment (CON) with no bed cleaning. Daily duration, bout frequency, and bout length of sleep-related lying postures were measured, and bed moisture, ammonia concentration in the air, plasma cortisol, and serotonin concentration were also measured within one week before and after cleaning treatment in each period. Results: The bed moisture and ammonia concentrations decreased in CL after bed cleaning. Following bed cleaning, the duration and bout frequency of TSP in CL decreased compared to that observed in CON, whereas ESP in CL increased after bed cleaning. Total duration of sleep-related lying postures and cortisol and serotonin levels did not differ between CL and CON. Conclusion: These results suggest that cattle in sleep-related lying postures shifted from tucked head positions to extended head positions in response to improved bed cleanliness.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.35-46
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• 2015

Improvement in domestic poultry production has a positive effect on the export competitiveness of the poultry industry. However, overproduction and enlargement of facilities to assure a supply increase a stocking density which make a poor environment in the broiler house. In particular, an intensive rearing environment is vulnerable to dust control that causes respiratory diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis, etc., to farmers and broilers. However, monitoring data and research for environment control are not adequate, and there are no air quality regulations in broiler houses in Korea. In this study, TSP, PM10, inhalable dust and respirable dust concentration were monitored according to season, age of broiler and broiler's activities. Air quality assessment was also performed in accordance with the threshold limit value by Donham et al. (2000). The TSP concentrations were 77.5 %, 219.7 % higher and PM10 concentrations were 121.2 %, 303.8 % higher when change of season and winter respectively than summer. There were significantly different concentrations according to season and age of broiler. Inhalable and respirable dust concentration were also clearly different according to the season and age of broiler. A high dust concentration was observed, specifically exceeding the threshold limit by 119 % in the winter. In the case of the broiler's motion was activity according to worker's access into the broiler house, concentration level was 769.6 % higher than broiler's motion was stable and exceeded the threshold limit. These results suggest that the worker should put on protective equipment to protect there's respiratory health in the broiler house.